Adolf Rudnicki was a Polish novelist and essayist noted for his depictions of the Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland. Born into a Jewish family, Rudnicki was educated in Warsaw and worked as a bank clerk. Mobilized in the Polish army in 1939, he fought in the September campaign and was taken

Rūdnyy, city, northern Kazakhstan. It lies on the Tobyl River. Rūdnyy, meaning “ore” in Russian, was founded in 1955 beside the huge ore-dressing combine, then under construction, which mines and processes the rich Sokolovka and Sarbay iron-ore deposits. A reservoir on the Tobyl supplies the city

Rūdnyy, city, northern Kazakhstan. It lies on the Tobyl River. Rūdnyy, meaning “ore” in Russian, was founded in 1955 beside the huge ore-dressing combine, then under construction, which mines and processes the rich Sokolovka and Sarbay iron-ore deposits. A reservoir on the Tobyl supplies the city

Rūdnyy, city, northern Kazakhstan. It lies on the Tobyl River. Rūdnyy, meaning “ore” in Russian, was founded in 1955 beside the huge ore-dressing combine, then under construction, which mines and processes the rich Sokolovka and Sarbay iron-ore deposits. A reservoir on the Tobyl supplies the city

Rūdnyy, city, northern Kazakhstan. It lies on the Tobyl River. Rūdnyy, meaning “ore” in Russian, was founded in 1955 beside the huge ore-dressing combine, then under construction, which mines and processes the rich Sokolovka and Sarbay iron-ore deposits. A reservoir on the Tobyl supplies the city

Rudolf was a German anti-king, opponent of Henry IV. Rudolf was granted the duchy of Swabia in 1057 by the dowager empress Agnes of Poitou, regent for her infant son Henry IV. She also appointed him administrator of the kingdom of Burgundy and gave him her daughter Matilda in marriage (1059).

Rudolf was the duke of Burgundy (921–936) and later king of the West Franks, or France (923–936), who, after a stormy career typical of the general political instability that characterized the age, succeeded in consolidating his authority shortly before he died. Rudolf was the son-in-law of Robert

Germany: Constitutional conflicts in the 14th century: …of Brandenburg and his kinsman Rudolf, count palatine of the Rhine. The other five assembled at Rhens on July 11 and elected Charles under the title of Charles IV. The new king was spared a lengthy conflict with his rival, who died of a stroke in 1347. Shortly after his…

Rudolf I was the first king of Juran (Upper) Burgundy (888–912). The son of Conrad, count of Auxerre of the powerful German Welf (Guelf) family, Rudolf succeeded to the duchy of Burgundy in 885 or 886. In January 888 he was crowned king at the abbey of St. Maurice d’Agaune and quickly extended his

Rudolf I was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV,

Germany: Rudolf of Habsburg: …on Rudolf’s sons Albert and Rudolf in 1282. These acquisitions placed the Habsburgs in the first rank of the German territorial princes and lent impetus to a gradual shift in the political center of gravity from the Rhineland to eastern and southern Germany. The growing Habsburg power, however, disquieted the…

Rudolf II was the Holy Roman emperor from 1576 to 1612. His ill health and unpopularity prevented him from restraining the religious dissensions that eventually led to the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48). The eldest surviving son of the emperor Maximilian II and Maria, who was the daughter of the

Rudolf II was the king of Burgundy (912–937) who ruled Italy for nearly four years (923–926) during the chaotic period at the end of the Carolingian era. The son of Rudolf I, founder of the kingdom of Jurane (Upper) Burgundy (i.e., the part of Burgundy north of Provence), and a descendant of the

Rudolf III was the last of the independent kings of Burgundy (993–1032). Son and successor of Conrad the Peaceful, Rudolf was unable to control the rising power of the nobility and the increasing encroachments of Otto-William, count of Besançon, and Emperor Henry II of Germany. In 1016 he was

house of Habsburg: Austria and the rise of the Habsburgs in Germany: King Albert I’s son Rudolf III of Austria had been king of Bohemia from 1306 to 1307, and his brother Frederick I had been German king as Frederick III (in rivalry or conjointly with Louis IV the Bavarian) from 1314 to 1330. Albert V of Austria was in 1438…

Franz Josef Land: The easternmost includes Rudolf Island, whose Fligeli Cape is the northernmost point in Russia, and the large islands of Zemlya Vilcheka and Greem-Bell (Graham Bell). This group is separated from the central group, which contains most of the islands, by the Avstriysky (Austrian) Strait. The western group, divided…

archduke: …(Pfalz-Erzherzog) was first assumed by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, on the strength of a forged privilege, in the hope of gaining for the dukes of Austria an equal status with the electors of the Holy Roman Empire. The emperor Charles IV refused to recognize the title, and it was…

The small eastern European nation of Hungary has contributed greatly to Olympic history, and perhaps in no field so much as in fencing. Hungarian athletes have historically excelled at the sport, winning gold medals in every individual sabre competition between 1924 and 1964. One of Hungary’s most

Rudolf I was the first German king of the Habsburg dynasty. A son of Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Rudolf on the occasion of his father’s death (c. 1239) inherited lands in upper Alsace, the Aargau, and Breisgau. A partisan of the Hohenstaufen Holy Roman emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV,

Rudolf was a German anti-king, opponent of Henry IV. Rudolf was granted the duchy of Swabia in 1057 by the dowager empress Agnes of Poitou, regent for her infant son Henry IV. She also appointed him administrator of the kingdom of Burgundy and gave him her daughter Matilda in marriage (1059).

Germany: Wenceslas: However, another elector, Duke Rudolf of Saxony, and a powerful group of northern German princes contended that the electors could not raise one of their own members to the kingship. The Golden Bull had declared otherwise, but Rudolf held his ground and declined to participate in the subsequent proceedings.…

Rudolf was a German anti-king, opponent of Henry IV. Rudolf was granted the duchy of Swabia in 1057 by the dowager empress Agnes of Poitou, regent for her infant son Henry IV. She also appointed him administrator of the kingdom of Burgundy and gave him her daughter Matilda in marriage (1059).

Rudolf III was the last of the independent kings of Burgundy (993–1032). Son and successor of Conrad the Peaceful, Rudolf was unable to control the rising power of the nobility and the increasing encroachments of Otto-William, count of Besançon, and Emperor Henry II of Germany. In 1016 he was

Rudolf III was the last of the independent kings of Burgundy (993–1032). Son and successor of Conrad the Peaceful, Rudolf was unable to control the rising power of the nobility and the increasing encroachments of Otto-William, count of Besançon, and Emperor Henry II of Germany. In 1016 he was

Rudolf von Ems was a prolific and versatile Middle High German poet. Between about 1220 and 1254 he wrote five epic poems, totaling more than 93,000 lines. Though the influence of earlier masters of the courtly epic is evident in his work—his style is modeled on Gottfried von Strassburg, while his

Rudolf was a German anti-king, opponent of Henry IV. Rudolf was granted the duchy of Swabia in 1057 by the dowager empress Agnes of Poitou, regent for her infant son Henry IV. She also appointed him administrator of the kingdom of Burgundy and gave him her daughter Matilda in marriage (1059).

Rudolf was a German anti-king, opponent of Henry IV. Rudolf was granted the duchy of Swabia in 1057 by the dowager empress Agnes of Poitou, regent for her infant son Henry IV. She also appointed him administrator of the kingdom of Burgundy and gave him her daughter Matilda in marriage (1059).

Archduke Rudolf, crown prince of Austria was the crown prince of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His reformist and liberal ideas were stifled by his conservative father. The only son of the emperor Franz Joseph and the empress Elizabeth, Rudolf received an extensive education and

Archduke Rudolf, crown prince of Austria was the crown prince of Austria and heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. His reformist and liberal ideas were stifled by his conservative father. The only son of the emperor Franz Joseph and the empress Elizabeth, Rudolf received an extensive education and

Gene Autry: …Comes Santa Claus” (1947), “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” (1949), and “Frosty the Snow Man” (1950). In 2024 the U.S. Library of Congress added his recording of “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” to the National Recording Registry, a list of audio recordings deemed “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.”

Robert Altman: M*A*S*H and the 1970s: …supporting the career of director Alan Rudolph, whose Welcome to L.A. (1976) and Remember My Name (1978) were produced by Altman.

Eric Rudolph is a domestic terrorist guilty of four bombings, including the 1996 attack during the Olympic Games in Atlanta. For five years, while listed on the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, Rudolph eluded the FBI by hiding in the woods of western North Carolina. In 2003 Rudolph was

Eric Rudolph is a domestic terrorist guilty of four bombings, including the 1996 attack during the Olympic Games in Atlanta. For five years, while listed on the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, Rudolph eluded the FBI by hiding in the woods of western North Carolina. In 2003 Rudolph was

Lucretia Garfield was an American first lady (March 4–September 19, 1881), the wife of James A. Garfield, 20th president of the United States. Her husband was shot several months into his presidency, and he died in September 1881. Although Lucretia Garfield was first lady for only a short time,

Maya Rudolph is an award-winning American comedian and actress known for her scene-stealing characters and impressions as a cast member on Saturday Night Live (SNL) from 2000 to 2007 and later as a guest host and actor on the show. Other roles include the bride-to-be in the comedy Bridesmaids

Paul Rudolph was one of the most prominent Modernist architects in the United States after World War II. His buildings are notable for creative and unpredictable designs that appeal strongly to the senses. Rudolph received a bachelor’s degree in architecture from Alabama Polytechnic Institute in

Paul Rudolph was one of the most prominent Modernist architects in the United States after World War II. His buildings are notable for creative and unpredictable designs that appeal strongly to the senses. Rudolph received a bachelor’s degree in architecture from Alabama Polytechnic Institute in

biblical literature: Jeremiah: One 20th-century German biblical scholar, Wilhelm Rudolph, has attempted to arrange the chapters of the book according to certain chronological details. He has divided the work into five sections: (1) prophecies against Judah and Jerusalem, chapters 1–25, during the reigns of kings Josiah (640–609) and Jehoiachim (609–598), and the period…

Wilma Rudolph was an American sprinter, the first American woman to win three track-and-field gold medals in a single Olympics. Rudolph was sickly as a child and could not walk without an orthopedic shoe until she was 11 years old. Her determination to compete, however, made her a star basketball

Wilma Rudolph was an American sprinter, the first American woman to win three track-and-field gold medals in a single Olympics. Rudolph was sickly as a child and could not walk without an orthopedic shoe until she was 11 years old. Her determination to compete, however, made her a star basketball

sei whale, (Balaenoptera borealis), species of baleen whale capable of short bursts of speed that make it the swiftest of the rorquals. Usually attaining a length of about 13–15 metres (43–49 feet), this cetacean is bluish gray or blackish above with paler underparts and a relatively large

Johannes Müller: …of the sober, precise anatomist Karl Rudolphi and thereby freed himself from naturalistic speculation.

Rudolphine Tables, planetary tables and star catalog published in 1627 by Johannes Kepler, based principally on the observations of Tycho Brahe. The best of the pretelescopic catalogs, it is accurate to a few minutes of arc and contains positions for 1,005 stars (increased by Kepler from Tycho’s

Rudra, (Sanskrit: “Howler”), relatively minor Vedic god and one of the names of Śiva, a major god of later Hinduism. Śiva is considered to have evolved from Rudra, and the two share a fierce, unpredictable, destructive nature. In the Vedas, Rudra is known as the divine archer, who shoots arrows of

Assam: The Ahom Dynasty: …during the rule of King Rudra Singha (reigned 1696–1714), before the kingdom was occupied by warriors from Myanmar in the late 18th century. The Ahom left a mark on the polity, economy, history, and culture of Assam, supporting the arts and building tanks, temples (dols), roads, bridges, and secular structures,…

Vallabhacharya, school of Hinduism prominent among the merchant class of northern and western India. Its members are worshippers of Krishna and followers of the Pushtimarg (“Way of Flourishing”) group, founded by the 16th-century teacher Vallabha and his son Vitthala (also known as Gosainji). The

Shaka satrap: …first great Shaka ruler was Rudradaman I, Chastana’s grandson, who reigned after 130 ce. The direct line of Chastana became extinct in 304–305 ce with the death of Vishvasena, son of Bhartridaman. It is doubtful that the dynasty was important in the 4th century, although one of its members—probably Rudrasimha…

South Asian arts: Medieval temple architecture: North Indian style of Gujarāt: The Rudramāla at Siddhapur, the most magnificent temple of the 12th century, is now in a much ruined condition, with only the toraṇa (gateway) and some subsidiary structures remaining. Successively damaged and rebuilt, the Somanātha at Prabhāsa Patan was the most famous temple of Gujarāt, its…

Rudra: …of the storm gods, the Rudras, sometimes called Maruts.

road: The Roman roads: …inches in size, (2) the rudus, a 9-inch-thick layer of concrete made from stones under 2 inches in size, (3) the nucleus layer, about 12 inches thick, using concrete made from small gravel and coarse sand, and, for very important roads, (4) the summum dorsum, a wearing surface of large…

Jon Favreau: The Swingers breakthrough: …a role in the movie Rudy (1993), on the set of which he met fellow actor Vince Vaughn. That marked the beginning of a friendship that led to their collaboration on a number of projects. In addition, Favreau played small roles in popular sitcoms, such as Seinfeld and Friends.

lighthouse: The beginning of the modern era: …second wooden tower, constructed by John Rudyerd, which was destroyed by fire in 1755. Rudyerd’s lighthouse was followed by John Smeaton’s famous masonry tower in 1759. Smeaton, a professional engineer, embodied an important new principle in its construction whereby masonry blocks were dovetailed together in an interlocking pattern. Despite the…

rue, (Ruta graveolens), small perennial shrub in the family Rutaceae used as a culinary and medicinal herb. Native to the Balkan Peninsula, rue is cultivated for its strongly aromatic leaves, which can be used fresh or dry in small amounts. Rue is an evergreen plant with gland-studded foliage. The

Patrick Modiano: …Rue des boutiques obscures (1978; Missing Person)—a thriller in which a man searches for his own identity—won the Prix Goncourt.

Marguerite Taos Amrouche: A second novel, Rue des tambourins (1960; “Street of the Tabors”), describes a sense of marginality and owes a great deal to its author’s recollections of her childhood in Tunis.

Rutaceae, the rue family of flowering plants (order Sapindales), composed of 160 genera and about 2,070 species. Rutaceae includes woody shrubs and trees (and a few herbaceous perennials) and is distributed throughout the world, especially in warm temperate and tropical regions. The largest numbers

Pierre de La Rue was a composer in the Flemish, or Netherlandish, style that dominated Renaissance music, known for his religious music. Little is known of La Rue’s early life. He may have worked first as a part-time singer in Brussels (1469), then perhaps in Ghent (1471–72) and Nieuwpoort

Warren De la Rue was an English pioneer in astronomical photography, the method by which nearly all modern astronomical observations are made. De La Rue was educated at the Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris and entered his father’s printing business. In 1851, working with inventor Edwin Hill, he

shape-note singing: History: Southern firms such as Ruebush-Kieffer and A.J. Showalter began to publish small collections of music every year or two. These upright songbooks gradually began to supplant the large oblong tunebooks and their fixed repertoire. After 1900, mass-market publishers such as James D. Vaughan, V.O. Stamps, and J.R. (“Pap”) Baxter…

Lope de Rueda was an outstanding figure of the early Spanish theatre who did much to popularize it and prepared the way for Lope de Vega. A gold-beater by trade, Rueda was probably attracted to the stage by touring Italian actors; he organized a traveling theatre company and as its autor, or

the Fronde: …war, the government negotiated the Peace of Rueil (ratified April 1, 1649), which granted amnesty to the rebels and confirmed the concessions to Parlement.

Rueil-Malmaison, town, western residential and industrial suburb of Paris, Hauts-de-Seine département, Île-de-France région, north-central France. Originally called Rotoialum or Roialum, it was a resort of the Merovingian kings, a Frankish dynasty (6th–8th century). In 1346 Rueil was burned by the

Latin American art: Modernismo (1890–1920): …the beginning of the century, Julio Ruelas, a Mexican graphic artist, created etched images depicting his own tormented-looking face. He incorporated black, twisted lines and swirling patterns similar to those used by his more abstract Norwegian contemporary Edvard Munch.

What Are the Epstein Files? A Timeline: Careers affected by ties to Epstein: •Kathryn Ruemmler, former Obama White House counsel: The files include emails in which Ruemmler referred to Epstein as “Uncle Jeffrey.” Over the years Epstein showered her with gifts, including a $9,000 purse, while she provided him with advice on how to answer difficult questions about…

communication: The American psychiatrist and scholar Jurgen Ruesch identified 40 varieties of disciplinary approaches to the subject, including architectural, anthropological, psychological, political, and many other interpretations of the apparently simple interaction described by Richards. In total, if such informal communications as sexual attraction and play behaviour are included, there exist at…

ecofeminism: Origins of ecofeminism: One founder of ecofeminism, theologian Rosemary Ruether, insisted that all women must acknowledge and work to end the domination of nature if they were to work toward their own liberation. She urged women and environmentalists to work together to end patriarchal systems that privilege hierarchies, control, and unequal socioeconomic relations.…

Revolutionary United Front (RUF), guerrilla unit formed in 1991 in Sierra Leone whose actions created instability in the country that led to the overthrow of the government and a long civil war. The group later financed itself through control of the country’s diamond resources and for 11 years

Armenian alphabet: …and by a Greek called Rufanos. Isaac founded a school of translators and had the Bible translated into Armenian in the new script. The oldest surviving documents in Armenian date from the 9th to 10th century ad.

ruff, in dresswear, crimped or pleated collar or frill, usually wide and full, worn in Europe, especially from the mid-16th century into the 17th century, by both men and women. The beginnings of the ruff can be seen in the early years of the 16th century, when men allowed the top of the shirt to

ruff, (Philomachus pugnax), in zoology, Old World bird of the sandpiper subfamily Calidritinae (family Scolopacidae, order Charadriiformes) remarkable for its unusual courtship plumage and behaviour. The name ruff applies to the species or may be applied to the male only. In spring the 30-cm

Buffalo Sabres: Buffalo hired former Sabres player Lindy Ruff to serve as head coach in 1997, and he guided the team to a conference finals berth in his first season at the helm. In 1998–99 the seventh-seeded (out of eight Eastern Conference teams) Sabres reached the second Stanley Cup finals in franchise…

Mark Ruffalo is an American actor who was a compelling performer in critically acclaimed movies and plays, though he is perhaps more widely known for portraying Bruce Banner/the Hulk in a series of superhero movies. He has been nominated for Academy Awards for his impactful performances in The Kids

ruffed grouse, North American game bird sometimes called a partridge. See

pheasant: …West are two species of ruffed pheasants: Lady Amherst’s (Chrysolophus amherstiae) and the golden pheasant (C. pictus).

Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau: Troubled youth: …was the marquise de Monnier, Marie-Thérèse-Richard de Ruffey, the young wife of a very old man. He eventually escaped to Switzerland, where Sophie joined him; the couple then made their way to Holland, where Mirabeau was arrested in 1777.

Edmund Ruffin was known as the father of soil chemistry in the United States, who showed how to restore fertility to depleted Southeast plantations. He was also a leading secessionist for decades prior to the U.S. Civil War. Born into Virginia’s planter class, Ruffin was largely educated at home.

Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin was an American community leader who was active in the women’s rights movement and particularly in organizing African American women around issues of civic and cultural development. Josephine St. Pierre was of mixed racial ancestry and acquired a limited education from

senses: Mechanical senses: …next two, Merkel endings and Ruffini endings, to touch pressure; and the last one, Pacinian corpuscles, to vibration. Pacinian corpuscles are built in a way that gives them a fast response and quick recovery. They contain a central nerve fibre surrounded by onionlike layers of connective tissue that behave like…

Don Pasquale: … (Italian libretto by Donizetti and Giovanni Ruffini) that premiered at the Théâtre Italien in Paris on January 3, 1843. As a masterpiece of comic opera, Don Pasquale remains a staple of the world’s opera houses.

Paolo Ruffini was an Italian mathematician and physician who made studies of equations that anticipated the algebraic theory of groups. He is regarded as the first to make a significant attempt to show that there is no algebraic solution to the general quintic equation (an equation whose

fanfare: …fanfare commonly known as “Ruffles and Flourishes” is generally sounded before the march Hail to the Chief to announce the arrival of the president of the United States.

Rembrandt: Domestic turmoil: …several paintings to the nobleman Don Antonio Ruffo, from Messina in Sicily. It is clear from the correspondence concerning these commissions that Rembrandt’s art, especially his etching work, was highly esteemed in Italy. Since Ruffo must have bought the first of these paintings, the famous Aristotle with a Bust of…

Fabrizio Ruffo was a Roman Catholic cardinal and politician who was royal vicar of the Neapolitan kingdom (1799) and led a royalist-popular counterrevolution against the French under Napoleon. The son of Litterio Ruffo, duke of Baranello, Ruffo was placed by Pope Pius VI among the chierici di

Rufiji River, river, the largest in Tanzania, East Africa, draining most of the southern part of the country and navigable for about 60 mi (100 km). Formed by the confluence of the Kilombero and the Luwegu rivers, it flows for about 175 mi northeast and east to enter the Indian Ocean, opposite

Rufinus was a minister of the Eastern Roman emperor Arcadius (ruled 383–408) and rival of Stilicho, the general who was the effective ruler of the Western Empire. The conflict between Rufinus and Stilicho was one of the factors leading to the official partition of the empire into Eastern and

Tyrannius Rufinus was a Roman priest, writer, theologian, and translator of Greek theological works into Latin at a time when knowledge of Greek was declining in the West. After study at Rome, where he met Jerome (later a saint and one of the doctors of the Western Church), Rufinus entered a

Rufisque, town and minor port, east of Dakar at the southeastern end of the Cape Verde Peninsula, Senegal. Its proximity to Dakar, Senegal’s capital, has spurred the development of some light industry, including textile, oil, lime, and cement works. There are natural gas deposits nearby. Rufisque

fantail: …of gray, black, brown, or rufous, often accented with areas of white, especially on the belly, eyebrows, and tail. They are named from their habit of constantly wagging and spreading their long, rounded tails. They build small cup nests, which are so finely bound in cobweb that they seem shellacked.

hummingbird: Distribution: …hummingbird is the rufous (Selasphorus rufus), which breeds from southeastern Alaska to northern California. The broad-tailed hummingbird (S. platycercus) breeds in the western United States and Central America and the Allen’s hummingbird breeds in the coastal regions of California.

rat kangaroo: The rufous rat kangaroo (Aepyprymnus rufescens) is the largest of the rat kangaroos. Its fur is red-tinged with a faint whitish hip stripe. It attains a length of up to 90 cm (36 inches) and may weigh 3.5 kg (7.7 pounds). It lives in tussock grass…

scrub-bird: The 18-centimetre (7-inch) rufous scrub-bird (A. rufescens), discovered in the 1860s in wet forests of New South Wales, 2,500 miles (4,000 km) away from the other species, is now known to range to Queensland, where it is protected in Lamington National Park.

songlark: The rufous songlark (C. mathewsi), 20 cm (8 inches) long, lives in open forests and has a lively song; the 30-cm (12-inch) brown, or black-breasted, songlark (C. cruralis) lives in open country, utters creaky chuckling notes, and has a flight song, as larks do.

sparrow: The rufous-collared sparrow (Z. capensis) has an exceptionally wide breeding distribution: from Mexico and Caribbean islands to Tierra del Fuego. A great many emberizid sparrows are native to Central and South America. See also accentor.

sandpiper: …Old World species is the rufous-necked sandpiper (C. ruficollis), which breeds in Siberia and winters as far south as New Zealand and Tasmania. The white-rumped sandpiper (C. fuscicollis), which breeds in Arctic North America and winters in southern South America, is rust-coloured in breeding season but gray otherwise. The upland…

chewink, bird species also known as the rufous-sided towhee. See

jacamar: The commonest species is the rufous-tailed jacamar (Galbula ruficauda), 25 cm (10 inches) long, found from southern Mexico to Argentina.

dipper: leucocephalus) and the rufous-throated dipper (C. schulzii) are found in mountainous areas of South America. There is also an Asiatic species, the brown dipper (C. pallasii), found from the Himalayas to China, Korea, and Japan.

Johann Rudolf Wyss: He wrote “Rufst du, mein Vaterland” (1811), the Swiss national anthem until the second half of the 20th century.

Chaka Khan: Singing career: Rufus: …members of the funk band Rufus asked her to replace departing singer Paulette McWilliams. Khan’s powerful voice and captivating performances brought more attention to Rufus, and in 1973 the group signed with ABC Records. Later that year the band released its self-titled debut album, but the recording did not perform…