Billy Crystal: …credits included the family comedy Parental Guidance (2012), the Monsters, Inc. sequel Monsters University (2013), the drama Untogether (2018), and Standing Up, Falling Down (2019), about a failed stand-up comedian who befriends an alcoholic dermatologist. He also directed, cowrote, and starred in Here Today

parental leave, employee benefit that provides job-protected leave from employment to care for a child following its birth or adoption. It is usually available to both mothers and fathers. Parental leave entitlements vary around the world. Some countries define parental leave as a nontransferable

Decimus Magnus Ausonius: …old ties is seen in Parentalia, a series of poems on deceased relatives, and Professores Burdigalenses, on the professors of Burdigala; these are delightful portraits that give a valuable picture of provincial Gallic life.

Parentalia, Roman religious festival held in honour of the dead. The festival, which began at noon on February 13 and culminated on February 21, was essentially a private celebration of the rites of deceased family members. It was gradually extended, however, to incorporate the dead in general.

inheritance: Civil law: The first parentela, or order, consists of the descendants of the decedent; the second, of his parents and their descendants collateral to the decedent; the third, of his grandparents and their descendants collateral to the decedent, etc. As long as there is any person standing in a…

drug: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination: …two general methods: enteral and parenteral administration. Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines (i.e., the gastrointestinal tract). Methods of administration include oral, sublingual (dissolving the drug under the tongue), and rectal. Parenteral routes, which do not involve the gastrointestinal tract, include intravenous

drug: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination: …two general methods: enteral and parenteral administration. Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines (i.e., the gastrointestinal tract). Methods of administration include oral, sublingual (dissolving the drug under the tongue), and rectal. Parenteral routes, which do not involve the gastrointestinal tract, include intravenous

venom, the poisonous secretion of an animal, produced by specialized glands that are often associated with spines, teeth, stings, or other piercing devices. The venom apparatus may be primarily for killing or paralyzing prey or may be a purely defensive adaptation. Some venoms also function as

gastropod: Size range and diversity of structure: The longest snail probably is Parenteroxenos doglieli, which lives as a parasite in the body cavity of a sea cucumber: it grows to be almost 130 centimetres (50 inches) in length, although it is only 0.5 centimetre (0.2 inch) in diameter. Most snails are much smaller; probably 90 percent of…

Roman religion: The earliest divinities: …be one of the Di Parentes; reverence for ancestors was the core of Roman religious and social life. Di Indigetes was a name given collectively to these forebears, as well as to other deified powers or spirits who likewise controlled the destiny of Rome. For example, the name Indiges is…

punctuation: Punctuation in Greek and Latin to 1600: Parentheses appeared about 1500. During the 15th century some English legal documents were already being written without punctuation; and British and American lawyers still use extremely light punctuation in the hope of avoiding possible ambiguities.

Michael B. Jordan: From Friday Night Lights to Fruitvale Station: …with a troubled past, on Parenthood. Jordan subsequently focused on films. In 2012 he acted in the war thriller Red Tails, centered on the Tuskegee Airmen, and in the sci-fi movie Chronicle, about teenagers who gain superpowers. While Jordan had steadily gained attention, his breakthrough came with his critically acclaimed…

Steve Martin: (1987), Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1988), Parenthood (1989), Father of the Bride (1991), and Father of the Bride Part II (1995).

parenting, the process of raising children and providing them with protection and care in order to ensure their healthy development into adulthood. The long-standing assumption that parents assert a direct and powerful influence on their children through the process of socialization has permeated

PFLAG, American organization representing the interests of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) community. PFLAG was founded in 1973 and has amassed more than 250,000 members in the United States and more than 500 affiliates, making it the largest membership organization of

John G. Roberts, Jr.: Majority opinions written or joined by Roberts: In Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007), for example, Roberts wrote an opinion—joined by the four other conservative justices—finding that public-school assignment plans that sought to prevent racial segregation by providing for racial balancing across schools violated the equal protection…

Will Smith: DJ Jazzy Jeff and Fresh Prince: …released the groundbreaking single “Parents Just Don’t Understand,” which went on to win a Grammy Award (the first Grammy ever presented in the rap performance category).

Recording Industry Association of America: History: …watchdog groups such as the Parents Music Resource Center (led by Tipper Gore), agreeing to establish a program to label records that feature obscene or offensive content and to list record lyrics on the record sleeve. In the late 1980s and 1990s, the RIAA established additional technical standards to prevent…

The Family International: …of the first anticult organization—the Parents’ Committee to Free Our Children from the Children of God (FREECOG)—it attracted attention for alleged sexual abuse and child abuse, especially for its use of sex in missionary work. The group abandoned some of its more extreme sexual practices and has remained a moderately…

PFLAG, American organization representing the interests of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) community. PFLAG was founded in 1973 and has amassed more than 250,000 members in the United States and more than 500 affiliates, making it the largest membership organization of

Nicholas V was an influential Renaissance pope (reigned 1447–55) and founder of the Vatican Library. Soon after his election, he brought to an end the schism caused by rivalries between popes and councils. By 1455 he had restored peace to the Papal States and to Italy. He began a program for the

Adamántios Koraïs: …and 1826, and the 9-volume Parerga, published between 1809 and 1827. The Library included historical, political, philosophical, and scientific works by classical writers, for which he wrote prefaces in Modern Greek. He also edited the first four books of Homer’s Iliad.

Arthur Schopenhauer: Scholarly retirement in Frankfurt: …two volumes under the title Parerga und Paralipomena (1851). The Parerga (“Minor Works”) include fragments concerning the history of philosophy; the famous treatise “Über die Universitäts-Philosophie”; the enigmatically profound “Transzendente Spekulation über die anscheinende Absichtlichkeit im Schicksale des Einzelnen” (“Transcendent Speculation on the Apparent Premeditation in Personal Fate”); the “Versuch…

paresis, psychosis caused by widespread destruction of brain tissue occurring in some cases of late syphilis. Mental changes include gradual deterioration of personality, impaired concentration and judgment, delusions, loss of memory, disorientation, and apathy or violent rages. Convulsions are n

paresthesia, unusual, typically painless sensations felt temporarily on the skin. The sensations range from numbness or burning to prickling, tingling, itching, or a “crawling” feeling and often occur without warning signs. They usually are felt in the fingers, hands, arms, feet, and legs but can

boxing: Professional boxing: …especially in the instance of Benny (“Kid”) Paret, further damaged the sport with the viewing public. After a period of decline, boxing enjoyed a television revival when five American boxers (Leo Randolph, Howard Davis, brothers Michael and Leon Spinks, and Sugar Ray Leonard) won gold medals in the 1976 Olympics…

boxing: Professional boxing: …especially in the instance of Benny (“Kid”) Paret, further damaged the sport with the viewing public. After a period of decline, boxing enjoyed a television revival when five American boxers (Leo Randolph, Howard Davis, brothers Michael and Leon Spinks, and Sugar Ray Leonard) won gold medals in the 1976 Olympics…

Vilfredo Pareto was an Italian economist and sociologist who is known for his theory on mass and elite interaction as well as for his application of mathematics to economic analysis. After his graduation from the University of Turin (1869), where he had studied mathematics and physics, Pareto

Pareto-optimality, a concept of efficiency used in the social sciences, including economics and political science, named for the Italian sociologist Vilfredo Pareto. A state of affairs is Pareto-optimal (or Pareto-efficient) if and only if there is no alternative state that would make some people

Pareto-optimality, a concept of efficiency used in the social sciences, including economics and political science, named for the Italian sociologist Vilfredo Pareto. A state of affairs is Pareto-optimal (or Pareto-efficient) if and only if there is no alternative state that would make some people

Sara Paretsky is an American mystery writer known for her popular series of novels featuring V.I. Warshawski, a female private investigator. Her books are largely set in and around Chicago. After she received a Ph.D. in history and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago in 1977, Paretsky worked

pareve, (Yiddish: “neutral”), in the observance of Jewish dietary laws (kashrut), those foods that may be eaten indiscriminately, with either meat dishes or dairy products—two general classes of food that may not be consumed at the same meal. Fruits and vegetables are classified as pareve unless

Antoine Héroët: …is chiefly known for his La Parfaicte Amye (1542), a subtle, mystical monologue exalting as man’s ultimate happiness a love in which the perfect lover seeks spiritual union with his lady. The poem was written as a reply to the cynical L’Amye de court by Bertrand de La Borderie, which…

Derek Parfit was an English philosopher whose work in normative ethics and metaethics, personal identity, and the theory of practical reason was widely influential in the English-speaking world from the 1980s. Many of his peers considered him the most important moral philosopher of the 20th and

Derek Parfit was an English philosopher whose work in normative ethics and metaethics, personal identity, and the theory of practical reason was widely influential in the English-speaking world from the 1980s. Many of his peers considered him the most important moral philosopher of the 20th and

parfleche, tough, folded rawhide carrying bag made by the Plains Indians of North America; more loosely applied, the term also refers to many specialized rawhide articles. The Plains Indians had an abundant source of hides in the buffalo they hunted, but, as they were nomadic, they had little

Párga, port and dímos (municipality), Epirus (Modern Greek: Ípeiros) periféreia (region), western Greece. It lies on the Ionian Sea (Ióvio Pélagos) opposite the island of Paxos (Paxoí). In 1401 it welcomed the Venetians, who built (1572) the mole that forms the present harbour, over which stands a

Santhal: …larger territorial unit termed a pargana, which also has a hereditary headman.

hornblende: edenite, NaCa2(Mg)5(Si7Al); pargasite, NaCa2 (Mg4Al)(Si6Al2). Extensive solid solution occurs, and each end-member has iron-rich equivalents; minor elements, including manganese, titanium, chromium, potassium, fluorine, and yttrium, are usually present. Hornblendes exhibit typical amphibole structures; these are based on double tetrahedral chains between which four metal sites are located.…

Ellis Peters was an English novelist especially noted for two series of mysteries: one featuring medieval monastics in Britain and the other featuring a modern family. Peters worked as a pharmacist’s assistant during the 1930s and served in the Women’s Royal Navy Service from 1940 to 1945.

Virginia Woolf: Late work: In The Pargiters: A Novel-Essay she would alternate between sections of fiction and of fact. For the fictional historical narrative, she relied upon experiences of friends and family from the Victorian Age to the 1930s. For the essays, she researched that 50-year span of history. The…

Celtic literature: Manx: More interesting are Pargys Caillit, the paraphrase translation of Milton’s Paradise Lost, which was published in 1794 and reprinted in 1872, and Coontey ghiare yeh Ellan Vannin (“The Short Account of the Isle of Man”), written in Manx by Joseph Bridson and printed as the 20th volume of…

Parhae, state established in the 8th century among the predominantly Tungusic-speaking peoples of northern Manchuria (now Northeast China) and northern Korea by a former Koguryŏ general, Tae Cho-Yŏng (Dae Jo-Yeong). Parhae was the successor state to Koguryŏ, which had occupied most of northern

Pentecostalism: The origins of Pentecostalism: The college’s director, Charles Fox Parham, one of many ministers who was influenced by the Holiness movement, believed that the complacent, worldly, and coldly formalistic church needed to be revived by another outpouring of the Holy Spirit. He instructed his students—many of whom already were ministers—to pray, fast,…

sun dog, atmospheric optical phenomenon appearing in the sky as luminous spots 22° on each side of the Sun and at the same elevation as the Sun. Usually, the edges closest to the Sun will appear reddish. Other colours are occasionally visible, but more often the outer portions of each spot appear

Péter Nádas: …three-volume novel, Párhuzamos történetek (2005; Parallel Stories), formidable in its length—over 1,000 pages both in the original Hungarian and the English translation—and its variety of content. The scattered narrative, focusing seemingly randomly on events and experiences since the World War II era, intersperses surrealistic visions and graphic sexuality. In 2010…

pari-mutuel, method of wagering introduced in France about 1870 by Parisian businessman Pierre Oller. It became one of the world’s most popular methods of betting on horse races. Most pari-mutuel systems are operated by the racetrack, although in France a national pari-mutuel system with offtrack

Vermilion Cliffs National Monument: A large portion of the Paria Canyon–Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness Area, created in 1984, rings the national monument and is within the monument’s boundaries, although part of the wilderness area also extends into Utah. Kaibab National Forest makes up part of the national monument’s western border, and Glen Canyon National Recreation…

Christopher Columbus: The second and third voyages of Christopher Columbus: …the Spanish flag on the Paria Peninsula in Venezuela. He sent the caravel El Corréo southward to investigate the mouth of the Grande River (a northern branch of the Orinoco River delta), and by August 15 he knew by the great torrents of fresh water flowing into the Gulf of…

Vermilion Cliffs National Monument: The Paria Plateau makes up the central portion of the monument. At the plateau’s southern edge are the Vermilion Cliffs, a colourful sandstone escarpment rising 3,000 feet (915 metres). The Paria River traverses the eastern side of the plateau before joining the Colorado River near Lees…

Vermilion Cliffs National Monument: The Paria River traverses the eastern side of the plateau before joining the Colorado River near Lees Ferry. The beautiful canyon of the Paria, a popular backpacking destination, is formed from 2,500-foot- (760-metre-) high sandstone walls and is dotted with eroded arches and amphitheatres. At the…

Gulf of Paria, inlet of the Caribbean Sea, lying between the Venezuelan coast (including the mountainous Paria Peninsula) and Trinidad. Extending about 100 miles (160 km) east-west and 40 miles (65 km) north-south, it is linked with the Caribbean to the north by the strait called the Dragon’s

France: Philip Augustus: …by entering into treaties (pariages) with minor lords, often distant ones; and, by confirming the acts of nobles in unprecedented numbers, he recovered the force of the royal guarantee.

pariah, member of a low-caste group of Hindu Indian society, formerly known as “untouchables” but now called Dalits. The word pariah—originally derived from Tamil paṛaiyar, “drummer”—once referred to the Paraiyan, a Tamil caste group of labourers and village servants of low status, but the meaning

Parian Chronicle, document inscribed on marble in the Attic Greek dialect and containing an outline of Greek history from the reign of Cecrops, legendary king of Athens, down to the archonship of Diognetus at Athens (264/263 bc). The years are reckoned backward from the archonship of Diognetus and

Parian Chronicle, document inscribed on marble in the Attic Greek dialect and containing an outline of Greek history from the reign of Cecrops, legendary king of Athens, down to the archonship of Diognetus at Athens (264/263 bc). The years are reckoned backward from the archonship of Diognetus and

Páros: White, semitransparent Parian marble (Paria Marmara), used for sculpture and quarried from subterranean pits on the north side of Mount Marpessa, was the chief source of wealth for ancient Páros. Several of the marble tunnels have survived.

Parian ware, porcelain introduced about 1840 by the English firm of Copeland & Garrett, in imitation of Sèvres biscuit (fired but unglazed porcelain). Its name is derived from its resemblance to Parian marble. A great many figures, some extremely large, were made in this medium. Most of them

BNP Paribas: …Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Paribas. Its headquarters are in Paris.

cohoba, hallucinogenic snuff made from the seeds of a tropical American tree (Piptadenia peregrina) and used by Indians of the Caribbean and South America at the time of early Spanish explorations. DMT (N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and bufotenine (qq.v.) are thought to have been the active principles.

Gulzar: On the director’s chair: …spanned a variety of genres: Parichay (1972; “Introduction”), much like The Sound of Music, from which it was loosely inspired, is a musical family drama that centers on an unemployed young man (played by Jeetendra) who agrees to tutor five unruly children; Achanak (1973; “Suddenly”), partially based on a real-life…

Paricutín, volcano, western Michoacán state, west-central Mexico, just north of the Tancítaro Peak and 20 miles (32 km) west-northwest of Uruapan. It formed as a result of a nine-year eruption, from 1943 to 1952, that began in an open field. It is one of the youngest volcanoes on Earth. On February

Paridae, songbird family, order Passeriformes, consisting of the titmice and chickadees, about 55 species of small, gregarious birds, primarily of the Northern Hemisphere and Africa. Members range in size from 7.5 to 20 cm (3 to 8 inches) long. They have short, stout, pointed bills, nostrils

dhoti, long loincloth traditionally worn in southern Asia by Hindu men. Wrapped around the hips and thighs with one end brought between the legs and tucked into the waistband, the dhoti resembles baggy, knee- length trousers. The lightweight cotton fabric, also called dhoti, that is used for the

parietal bone, cranial bone forming part of the side and top of the head. In front each parietal bone adjoins the frontal bone; in back, the occipital bone; and below, the temporal and sphenoid bones. The parietal bones are marked internally by meningeal blood vessels and externally by the temporal

parietal cell, in biology, one of the cells that are the source of the hydrochloric acid and most of the water in the stomach juices. The cells are located in glands in the lining of the fundus, the part of the stomach that bulges above the entrance from the esophagus, and in the body, or principal

human nervous system: Vision: Some neurons in the parietal cortex become active when a visual stimulus comes in from the edge of the visual field toward the center, while others are excited by particular movements of the eyes. Other neurons react with remarkable specificity—for example, only when the visual stimulus approaches from the…

tuatara: Form and function: …also have a third, or parietal, eye on the top of the head. Although this eye has a rudimentary lens, it is not an organ of vision. It is thought to serve an endocrine function by registering the dark-light cycle for hormone regulation. Tuatara display no ear openings. However, they…

human nervous system: Vision: Some neurons in the parietal cortex become active when a visual stimulus comes in from the edge of the visual field toward the center, while others are excited by particular movements of the eyes. Other neurons react with remarkable specificity—for example, only when the visual stimulus approaches from the…

human cardiovascular system: Pericardium: …pericardium is known as the parietal serous layer (parietal pericardium), that covering the heart as the visceral serous layer (visceral pericardium or epicardium).

placenta: …in various ways, placentation being parietal, with carpels united by their adjacent margins and the ovules disposed along the inner ovary walls; axile, with carpels folded inward and the ovules along the central axis of the ovary; free central, derived from the axile, with a central column bearing the ovules;…

human respiratory system: Gross anatomy: …with serous membranes, respectively the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura, which are in direct continuity at the hilum. Depending on the subjacent structures, the parietal pleura can be subdivided into three portions: the mediastinal, costal, and diaphragmatic pleurae. The lung surfaces facing these pleural areas are named accordingly, since…

human cardiovascular system: Pericardium: …pericardium is known as the parietal serous layer (parietal pericardium), that covering the heart as the visceral serous layer (visceral pericardium or epicardium).

Urticaceae: Major genera and species: microphylla), and pellitory (Parietaria), a genus of wall plants, are grown as ornamentals. Baby tears (Helxine soleiroli), a mosslike creeping plant with round leaves, often is grown as a ground cover. The trumpet tree (Cecropia peltata), a tropical American species that has hollow stems inhabited by biting…

cerebrum: …contains the visual cortex; the parieto-occipital fissure, which separates the parietal and occipital lobes; the transverse fissure, which divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum; and the longitudinal fissure, which divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres.

cerebrum: …contains the visual cortex; the parieto-occipital fissure, which separates the parietal and occipital lobes; the transverse fissure, which divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum; and the longitudinal fissure, which divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres.

Witi Ihimaera: …campaign of nonviolent resistance, in The Parihaka Woman (2011).

trisvabhava: Parikalpita-svabhava (“the form produced from conceptual construction”), generally accepted as true by common understanding or by convention of the unenlightened.

Parilia, ancient Roman festival celebrated annually on April 21 in honour of the god and goddess Pales, the protectors of flocks and herds. The festival, basically a purification rite for herdsmen, beasts, and stalls, was at first celebrated by the early kings of Rome, later by the pontifex

Parima Mountains, range in northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. It is an outlying range of the Guiana Highlands and extends south-southeastward for about 200 miles (320 km), separating Venezuela from Brazil. Its peaks, largely unexplored, reach an elevation of 5,000 feet (1,500 metres) above sea

Talara, city, northwestern Peru, on the Pacific Ocean. Rebuilt and developed by the International Petroleum Company (which provided workers’ housing, hospitals, and schools), it is a refining and shipping port for Peru’s main oil-producing region. To the southwest, near the foot of the La Brea

Giuseppe Parini was an Italian prose writer and poet remembered for a series of beautifully written Horatian odes and particularly for Il giorno, (4 books, 1763–1801; The Day), a satiric poem on the selfishness and superficiality of the Milanese aristocracy. Of humble origins, Parini was educated

Uttar Pradesh: The Buddhist-Hindu period: …is said to have attained parinirvana (complete nirvana) at Kushinagara (now in Kasia, in eastern Uttar Pradesh).

trisvabhava: Parinishpanna-svabhava (“the form perfectly attained”), the ultimate truth of transcendental emptiness (shunyata).

Kawaíb: The Parintintin economy was typical of the tropical forest, combining agriculture with hunting, gathering, and especially fishing. The Parintintin were, however, continually at war with all outsiders; they were cannibals as well as headhunters. They fought with the Mundurukú, Brazilian colonists, and the Pirahá until they…

Romeo and Juliet: …with the eminently eligible Count Paris, the young bride seeks out Friar Laurence for assistance in her desperate situation. He gives her a potion that will make her appear to be dead and proposes that she take it and that Romeo rescue her. She complies. Romeo, however, unaware of the…

Paris, city, seat (1844) of Lamar county, northeastern Texas, on a ridge between the Red and Sulphur rivers, some 105 miles (170 km) northeast of Dallas. Laid out in 1845 and named for Paris, France, it developed after the arrival of the railroad in 1876. The city was replanned after a disastrous

Paris, city and capital of France, situated in the north-central part of the country. People were living on the site of the present-day city, located along the Seine River some 233 miles (375 km) upstream from the river’s mouth on the English Channel (La Manche), by about 7600 bce. The modern city

C.K. Stead: …include Quesada: Poems 1972–1974 (1975), Paris (1984), Between (1988), Voices (1990), Straw into Gold: Poems New and Selected (1997), The Right Thing (2000), and The Red Tram (2004). Stead composed the poems in The Black River (2007) after suffering a stroke.

Paris, city, seat of Bourbon county, north-central Kentucky, U.S. It lies on the South Fork Licking River, about 15 miles (24 km) northeast of Lexington, in the Bluegrass region. First settled about 1775, it was founded as Hopewell (1789) and may have been called Bourbontown before it was renamed

Paris, in Greek legend, son of King Priam of Troy and his wife, Hecuba. A dream regarding his birth was interpreted as an evil portent, and he was consequently expelled from his family as an infant. Left for dead, he was either nursed by a bear or found by shepherds. He was raised as a shepherd,

Hilary Hahn: …serenades for her 2021 album Paris.) During this period Hahn also released Hilary Hahn Plays Bach: Sonatas 1 & 2, Partita 1 (2018), completing the cycle of Johann Sebastian Bach’s solo works, which she began recording with her first album (Hilary Hahn Plays Bach) in 1997. In 2021 Hahn was…

Paris 1900 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Paris that took place May 14–October 28, 1900. The Paris Games were the second occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. In 1894 the first Olympic Congress selected Paris as the site of the 1900 Games; Athens was chosen as the 1896 host. The Paris

John Cale: Solo career: >Paris 1919 [1973], and Music for a New Society [1982]), hard rock (Fear [1974], Slow Dazzle [1975], and Helen of Troy [1975]), and classical music–influenced instrumental work (The Academy in Peril [1972] and Church of Anthrax [1971]). He also produced seminal albums by influential proto-punk

Paris 1924 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Paris that took place May 4–July 27, 1924. The Paris Games were the seventh occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. The 1924 Games represented a coming of age for the Olympics. Held in Paris in tribute to Pierre de Coubertin, the retiring

Carlos Alcaraz: Professional career: …Alcaraz played in his first Olympic Games, in Paris. There he took the silver medal in singles after a gripping 7–6, 7–6 loss to frequent rival Djokovic in the final. In the 2025 French Open, he came back from a two-set deficit to his rival Sinner to win his fifth…

Brassaï: …book, Paris de nuit (1933; Paris After Dark, also published as Paris by Night), which caused a stir because of its sometimes scandalous subject matter. His next book, Voluptés de Paris (1935; “Pleasures of Paris”), made him internationally famous.

Paris Agreement, international treaty, named for the city of Paris, France, in which it was adopted in December 2015, which aimed to reduce the emission of gases that contribute to global warming. The Paris Agreement set out to improve upon and replace the Kyoto Protocol, an earlier international

Laos: Laos after the Geneva Conference, 1954–75: …States and North Vietnam at Paris called for a cease-fire in each of the countries of mainland Southeast Asia, but only in Laos was there peace. In February, just a month following the agreement, the Laotian factions signed the Vientiane Agreement, which provided again for a cease-fire and for yet…

Paris Agreement, international treaty, named for the city of Paris, France, in which it was adopted in December 2015, which aimed to reduce the emission of gases that contribute to global warming. The Paris Agreement set out to improve upon and replace the Kyoto Protocol, an earlier international