Orhon inscriptions, oldest extant Turkish writings, discovered in the valley of the Orhon River, northern Mongolia, in 1889 and deciphered in 1893 by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen. They are on two large monuments, erected in ad 732 and 735 in honour of the Turkish prince Kül (d. 731) and

Orhon River, river in north-central Mongolia. The river lies entirely within Mongolia and rises from the heavily forested slopes of the Hangayn Mountains. It flows east out of the mountains and then turns north, past Karakorum, the ancient capital of the Mongol empire. The Orhon is separated from

Turkic peoples: …and linguistically connected with the Tujue, the name given by the Chinese to the nomadic people who in the 6th century ce founded an empire stretching from what is now Mongolia and the northern frontier of China to the Black Sea. With some exceptions, notably in the European part of…

Ruth Orkin was an American photographer and filmmaker known for her explorations of contemporary urban life. Her photograph American Girl in Italy (1951)—which captured a woman walking down a street in Italy and being ogled by a group of men—became an iconic image of the street photography genre.

James Hepburn, 4th earl of Bothwell was the third husband of Mary, Queen of Scots. He evidently engineered the murder of Mary’s second husband, Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, thereby precipitating the revolt of the Scottish nobles and Mary’s flight to England, where she was imprisoned by Queen

Europe: Caledonian orogenic belt: The rifts of the Orkney Basin developed in the Devonian Period (about 419 to 359 million years ago) on top of the thickened and unstable crust of the Caledonian orogenic belt in a manner comparable to the Quaternary rifts of Tibet (i.e., those that have appeared in the past…

Orkney Islands, group of more than 70 islands and islets—only about 20 of which are inhabited—in Scotland, lying about 20 miles (32 km) north of the Scottish mainland, across the strait known as the Pentland Firth. The Orkney Islands constitute a council area and belong to the historic county of

saga: Kings’ sagas: …of the 11th century, and Orkneyinga saga, dealing with the rulers of the earldom of Orkney from about 900 to the end of the 12th century. These two works were probably written about 1200. The history of the kings of Denmark from circa 940 to 1187 is told in Knýtlinga…

Khoekhoe: …Khoekhoe are either Nama or Orlams, the latter term denoting remnants of the “Cape Hottentots” together with many of mixed ancestry. The main Nama groups are the Bondelswart, Rooinasie, Zwartbooi, and Topnaar; the main Orlams groups are the Witbooi, Amraal, Berseba, and Bethanie. The Khoekhoe are not physically distinguishable from…

Khoekhoe: …Khoekhoe are either Nama or Orlams, the latter term denoting remnants of the “Cape Hottentots” together with many of mixed ancestry. The main Nama groups are the Bondelswart, Rooinasie, Zwartbooi, and Topnaar; the main Orlams groups are the Witbooi, Amraal, Berseba, and Bethanie. The Khoekhoe are not physically distinguishable from…

Orlando, hero of the Charlemagne epics. Later literature that features the character includes Matteo Maria Boiardo’s Orlando innamorato and Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando

Orlando, fictional character in William Shakespeare’s comedy As You Like It, written and performed about 1598–1600 and first published in the First Folio of 1623. The youngest son of Sir Rowland de Boys, Orlando is the love interest of the protagonist Rosalind and the object of her tutelage

Orlando, city, seat (1856) of Orange county, central Florida, U.S. It is situated in a region dotted by lakes, about 60 miles (95 km) northwest of Melbourne and 85 miles (135 km) northeast of Tampa. The city is the focus for one of the state’s most populous metropolitan areas. The region was

Orlando, novel by Virginia Woolf, published in 1928. The fanciful biographical novel pays homage to the family of Woolf’s friend Vita Sackville-West from the time of her ancestor Thomas Sackville (1536–1608) to the family’s country estate at Knole. The manuscript of the book, a present from Woolf

Orlando, novel by Virginia Woolf, published in 1928. The fanciful biographical novel pays homage to the family of Woolf’s friend Vita Sackville-West from the time of her ancestor Thomas Sackville (1536–1608) to the family’s country estate at Knole. The manuscript of the book, a present from Woolf

Tilda Swinton: Orlando and The Deep End: …as the title character in Orlando (1992), director Sally Potter’s adaptation of the Virginia Woolf novel about a man who transforms into a woman during the course of 400 years. Swinton played both the male and female roles, presaging a preoccupation with the fluidity of gender in her later work.…

Kaká: …play with the expansion team Orlando City SC of North America’s Major League Soccer (MLS), which began play in 2015. (He was loaned to São Paolo for the 2014–15 season.) Unlike other notable stars who played in the MLS toward the end of their careers, Kaká kept up his strong…

Bradamante: …a female Christian knight in Orlando furioso (1516) by Ludovico Ariosto. Her chaotic romance with the Saracen knight Ruggiero is a major element of the plot.

Matteo Maria Boiardo, count di Scandiano: …nell’Emilia) was a poet whose Orlando innamorato, the first poem to combine elements of both Arthurian and Carolingian traditions of romance, gave new life to the chivalrous epic, which was declining in popularity. Boiardo spent much of his childhood at Ferrara, and served the dukes of Este. He was captain…

Orlando Magic, American professional basketball team based in Orlando, Florida, that plays in the Eastern Conference of the NBA. The Magic have won two Eastern Conference titles (1995, 2009). The franchise, along with the Minnesota Timberwolves, joined the NBA as an expansion team in the 1989–90

Connecticut Sun, American professional basketball team that plays in the Eastern Conference of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA). For the first four years of its existence, the franchise was based in Orlando, Florida, and was named the Orlando Miracle. The team moved to Uncasville,

Michelle Akers: Retirement and later activities: …player development coach for the Orlando Pride of the National Women’s Soccer League. She also gave much of her time to her other passion, horses, founding an organization dedicated to their rescue in 2007.

Orlando shooting of 2016, mass shooting that took place at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida, in the early morning hours of June 12, 2016, and left 49 people dead and more than 50 wounded. It was the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history up to that time. The gunman, 29-year-old Omar Mateen,

Vittorio Orlando was an Italian statesman and prime minister during the concluding years of World War I and head of his country’s delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference. Educated at Palermo, Orlando made a name for himself with writings on electoral reform and government administration

Vittorio Orlando was an Italian statesman and prime minister during the concluding years of World War I and head of his country’s delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference. Educated at Palermo, Orlando made a name for himself with writings on electoral reform and government administration

heraldry: Ordinaries: The orle is an inner border, not touching the sides of the shield; the field is seen within and around the orle, giving it the appearance of a shield with the middle cut out (voided, in heraldry). The tressure, much used in Scottish heraldry, is an…

heraldry: Ordinaries: …in Scottish heraldry, is an orle gemel, which suggests twins, and it may indeed be described as an orle divided into two narrow orles set closely together. The small shield used as a charge is an inescutcheon and often is used to bear the arms of an heraldic heiress (a…

Orléanais, one of the généralités (“generalities”) into which France was divided before the Revolution of 1789. It comprised not only the territory of the original countship and the later duchy of Orléans but also a number of adjacent lands; in terms of modern départements it includes most of

Orleanist, any of the constitutional monarchists in 18th- and 19th-century France who favoured the Orléans branch of the house of Bourbon (the descendants of Philippe, duke d’Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV). Its zenith of power occurred during the July Monarchy (1830–48) of Louis-Philippe

Orleanist, any of the constitutional monarchists in 18th- and 19th-century France who favoured the Orléans branch of the house of Bourbon (the descendants of Philippe, duke d’Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV). Its zenith of power occurred during the July Monarchy (1830–48) of Louis-Philippe

Orleans, county, northern Vermont, U.S., bordered to the north by Quebec, Canada, and to the west by the Green Mountains. It consists mostly of a piedmont region that rises in the west to such summits as Jay and North Jay peaks and Belvidere and Haystack mountains. The county contains many

Orleans, county, northwestern New York state, U.S., comprising a lowland region that is bordered by Lake Ontario to the north. It is intersected by the New York State Canal System (and its constituent Erie Canal) and by Oak Orchard Creek. The primary species of tree is oak. Attractions include

Orléans, city, capital of Loiret département, Centre région, north-central France. It is located south-southwest of Paris. The city stands on the banks of the Loire River in a fertile valley on the edge of the Beauce plain. Orléans, which derives its name from the Roman Aurelianum, was conquered by

Nathaniel Palmer: …discovered the Gerlache Strait and Orleans Channel in Antarctica as well as the South Orkney Islands.

vinegar: The Orleans process, best-known of the old methods, used a barrel of about 50 gallons (200 l) capacity. A mash consisting of wine or other alcoholic liquid was poured into the barrel, and a small amount of vinegar containing a mass of vinegar bacteria, called mother…

Charles, duc d’Orléans was the last, and one of the greatest, of the courtly poets of France, who during exile in England also earned a reputation for his poems in English. He was the son of Louis, duc d’Orléans (brother of Charles VI of France). Charles succeeded to the title in 1407, when his

Charles, duc d’Orléans was King Francis I’s favourite son and a noted campaigner, who twice took Luxembourg from the Holy Roman emperor Charles V’s forces (1542 and 1543). There were plans for marrying him to a Habsburg princess who would bring him either Milan or part of the Netherlands as a

Clovis I: …to a church council at Orléans.

house of Bourbon: Solidarity and discord: …of the collateral line of Orléans. Odious enough already because Louis-Philippe’s father, the self-styled Philippe Égalité, had voted in 1793 for the death sentence on Louis XVI, the house of Orléans became, by the usurpation of 1830, so much more odious to the Legitimists that some of the latter, when…

Ferdinand-Louis-Philippe-Charles-Henri, duke d’Orléans was the son of Louis-Philippe of France, who succeeded to the title of duc d’Orléans when his father became king (1830). He was a noted soldier and served in Algeria from 1834 to 1836. In 1837 he married Princess Helena of Mecklenburg. In 1839

Gaston, duke d’Orléans was a prince who readily lent his prestige to several unsuccessful conspiracies and revolts against the ministerial governments during the reign of his brother, King Louis XIII (ruled 1610–43), and the minority of his nephew, Louis XIV (ruled 1643–1715). The third son of King

Gaston, duke d’Orléans was a prince who readily lent his prestige to several unsuccessful conspiracies and revolts against the ministerial governments during the reign of his brother, King Louis XIII (ruled 1610–43), and the minority of his nephew, Louis XIV (ruled 1643–1715). The third son of King

house of Orléans, Name of the cadet or junior branch of the Valois and Bourbon houses of France. Of the four dynasties of princes, Philippe I (1336–75) died without an heir. Descendants of the second dynasty, headed by Louis I (1372–1407), held the title until 1545. The third dynasty was headed by

Charles VII: King.: …the King’s cousin, Jean d’Orléans, comte de Dunois, was placed in charge of operations. Charles campaigned successfully in Normandy and took possession of its capital, Rouen, on Nov. 20, 1450. In 1453, after the victory of Castillon and the surrender of Bordeaux, Guyenne returned to France after having been…

France: The parceling of the kingdom: The kingdom of Orléans, without its western territory but with part of the old Burgundian lands added to it, eventually became Burgundy; Guntram fixed its capital at Chalon-sur-Saône. Aquitaine submitted to the Frankish kingdoms centred farther north in Gaul; its civitates were the object of numerous…

Louis I, duke d’Orléans was the younger brother of King Charles VI and first in the second dynasty of dukes of Orléans. He initiated the power struggle with the dukes of Burgundy that became the dominating factor in 15th-century France. Known for his ambition and his love of pleasure, he was said

Louis, duke d’Orléans was the son of Philippe II, duc d’Orléans. He became governor of Dauphiné (1719), commander of infantry (1721), and chief of the Conseil d’État. The death of his wife, Auguste-Marie-Jeanne, princess of Bade (1726), threw him into prolonged grief, and he retired to the Abbey of

Louis-Philippe was the king of the French from 1830 to 1848; having based his rule on the support of the upper bourgeoisie, he ultimately fell from power because he could not win the allegiance of the new industrial classes. Louis-Philippe was the eldest son of Louis-Philippe Joseph de

Louis-Philippe, duke d’Orléans was the son of Duke Louis. He was appointed lieutenant general in 1744 and governor of Dauphiné in 1747. Having served with distinction from 1742 to 1757, he lived in seclusion and devoted himself to the theatre, patronizing actors and musicians. After his first wife

Louis-Philippe-Joseph, duc d’Orléans was a Bourbon prince who became a supporter of popular democracy during the Revolution of 1789. The cousin of King Louis XVI (ruled 1774–92) and the son of Louis-Philippe (later duc d’Orléans), he became duc de Chartres in 1752 and succeeded to his father’s

Louis-Philippe-Robert, duke d’Orléans was a pretender to the French throne during the Third Republic. The eldest son of Louis-Philippe-Albert, comte de Paris, and great-grandson of King Louis-Philippe, Orléans was banished from France in 1886 as a threat to the republican regime. Returning in 1890,

Philippe I de France, duc d’Orléans was the first of the last Bourbon dynasty of ducs de Orléans. He was the younger brother of King Louis XIV (reigned 1643–1715), who prevented him from exercising political influence but tolerated him as an overtly respected and covertly despised figure at court.

Philippe I, duke d’Orléans was the duke d’Orléans and the only member of the first dynasty of dukes of Orléans. Philippe was the younger son of King Philip VI of France, who in 1344 established the peerage duchy for him to compensate for losing his expectation of Dauphiné, which had been reserved

Philippe II, duc d’Orléans was the regent of France for the young king Louis XV from 1715 to 1723. The son of Philippe I, duc d’Orléans, and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Philippe d’Orléans was known as the duc de Chartres during his father’s lifetime. Although he served with the French

Siege of Orléans, (October 12, 1428–May 8, 1429), siege of the French city of Orléans by English forces, the military turning point of the Hundred Years’ War between France and England. The siege was begun by Thomas de Montacute, earl of Salisbury, after the English conquest of Maine, a border

Louisiana: The 19th century: …was subsequently divided into the Territory of Orleans, which consisted essentially of the state within its present boundaries, and the Territory of Louisiana, which included all the vast area drained by the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. In 1810 the Territory of Orleans consisted of 77,000 people, and statehood proposals were…

Ech-Cheliff, town, northern Algeria. It lies along the Chelif River, south of the Mediterranean Sea port of Ténès. It was founded by the French in 1843 on the site of the ancient Roman settlement of Castellum Tingitanum and is now an important rail junction midway between Algiers and Oran, as well

Rembrandt: Early years: His first biographer, Jan Janszoon Orlers (1570–1646), provided a laudatory half-page biography of Rembrandt within his Beschrijvinge der stadt Leyden (1641; “Description of the Town of Leiden”). There Orlers wrote that Rembrandt was taken out of school prematurely and, at his own request, was sent to be trained…

Orley Farm, novel by Anthony Trollope, published serially in 1861–62 and in book form in 1862. The story, which revolves around the disputed inheritance of a farm attached to an estate, shows Trollope at his best. In spite of the dramatic and sometimes complicated plot, the novel creates a tranquil

Bernard van Orley was a Flemish painter of religious subjects and portraits and designer of tapestries. Orley was the son of the painter Valentin van Orley. He entered the employ of Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands, in 1515 and three years later was appointed court painter. The German

Bernard van Orley was a Flemish painter of religious subjects and portraits and designer of tapestries. Orley was the son of the painter Valentin van Orley. He entered the employ of Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands, in 1515 and three years later was appointed court painter. The German

Bernard van Orley was a Flemish painter of religious subjects and portraits and designer of tapestries. Orley was the son of the painter Valentin van Orley. He entered the employ of Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands, in 1515 and three years later was appointed court painter. The German

Bernard van Orley was a Flemish painter of religious subjects and portraits and designer of tapestries. Orley was the son of the painter Valentin van Orley. He entered the employ of Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands, in 1515 and three years later was appointed court painter. The German

Orlice Mountains, mountain range, a subgroup of the Sudeten mountains in northeastern Bohemia, Czech Republic, forming part of the frontier with Poland for a distance of 25 miles (40 km). The mountains are, for the most part, made up of crystalline rocks, like most of the northern highland rim of

Orlice Mountains, mountain range, a subgroup of the Sudeten mountains in northeastern Bohemia, Czech Republic, forming part of the frontier with Poland for a distance of 25 miles (40 km). The mountains are, for the most part, made up of crystalline rocks, like most of the northern highland rim of

Hannah Höch: …graphic design—woodcut and linoleum-block printing—with Emil Orlik until 1920. In 1915 she met and became romantically involved with Austrian artist Raoul Hausmann, who in 1918 introduced her to the Berlin Dada circle, a group of artists that included George Grosz, Wieland Herzfelde, and Wieland’s older brother, John Heartfield. Höch began…

Jakub Józef Orliński is a Polish countertenor known for his angelic voice and tasteful interpretations of Baroque pieces. His penchant for break dancing, his active social media presence, and his classically good looks amused the opera world and attracted the attention of a younger audience. Born

polyacrylonitrile: DuPont introduced its trademarked Orlon acrylic fibre in 1948; Orlon was soon followed by the Monsanto Chemical Company’s Acrilan, American Cyanamid’s Creslan, Courtaulds’ Courtelle, and others. The decade of the 1950s also saw the introduction of modacrylics such as Eastman Kodak Company’s Verel and Monsanto’s SEF.

Orlov diamond, rose-cut gem from India, one of the Romanov crown jewels; it is shaped like half an egg, with facets covering its domed surface, and the underside is nearly flat. It weighs nearly 200 carats. According to legend, it was once used as the eye of an idol in a Brahman temple in Mysore

Aleksey Fyodorovich, Prince Orlov was a military officer and statesman who was an influential adviser to the Russian emperors Nicholas I (reigned 1825–55) and Alexander II (reigned 1855–81) in both domestic and foreign affairs. Orlov was the nephew of Catherine II the Great’s lover Grigory

Aleksey Grigoryevich, Count Orlov was a military officer who played a prominent role in the coup d’état that placed Catherine II the Great on the Russian throne. Having entered the cadet corps in 1749, Orlov became an officer in the Russian guards as well as a close adviser to his brother Grigory

Fyodor Grigoryevich, Count Orlov was a Russian army officer and statesman, the younger brother of Grigory and Aleksey Orlov. He participated in the coup d’état of 1762 that placed the empress Catherine II the Great on the throne. Afterward he was appointed chief procurator of the Senate. He took

Grigory Orlov was a military officer and lover of Catherine the Great, empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. He organized the coup d’état that placed Catherine on the Russian throne and subsequently was her close adviser. Having entered the cadet corps in 1749, Orlov became an artillery officer and

Grigory Orlov was a military officer and lover of Catherine the Great, empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. He organized the coup d’état that placed Catherine on the Russian throne and subsequently was her close adviser. Having entered the cadet corps in 1749, Orlov became an artillery officer and

Nikolay Alekseyevich, Prince Orlov was a Russian diplomat notable for his humanitarian interest in his country’s internal affairs. The son of Prince Aleksey Fyodorovich Orlov, he entered the army in 1845, fought in Hungary in 1849, and lost an eye on the Walachian front during the Crimean War in

Oryol, oblast (region), western Russia. It occupies an area of rolling hills of the Central Russian Upland, into which are cut many broad, shallow river valleys. The greater part is in the basin of the upper Oka River. The region, centred on Oryol city, lies on the boundary of the mixed forest and

Robert Frank: Gregory Corso, and Peter Orlovsky, as well as the painter Larry Rivers. Pull My Daisy was a critical success, but Frank’s later films, a number of which were also shorts, were not so well received. Perhaps most notable of his subsequent works was the documentary Cocksucker Blues (1972),…

construction: The concrete dome: …the great airship hangars at Orly constructed by the French engineer Eugène Freyssinet in 1916; they were made with 9-centimeter- (3.5-inch-) thick corrugated parabolic vaults spanning 80 meters (266 feet) and pierced by windows. In the 1920s Freyssinet made a major contribution to concrete technology with the introduction of pretensioning.…

Orm was an Augustinian canon, author of an early Middle English book of metrical homilies on the Gospels, to which he gave the title Ormulum, “because Orm made it.” The work (dated on linguistic evidence c. 1200) is of little literary interest but of great value to linguists, for Orm—who clearly

Suze Orman is an American financial adviser, television personality, and author known for her unconventional approach to money, which combined personal finance with personal growth. Orman was the daughter of Russian-Jewish immigrants and attended the University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, where

Eugene Ormandy was a Hungarian-born American conductor who was identified with the Late Romantic and early 20th-century repertoire. Ormandy graduated from the Budapest Royal Academy, where he studied violin with Jenö Hubay, at age 14. By age 17 he was a professor of violin, undertaking concert

Bahrām II: …his position against a brother, Hormizd, viceroy of the eastern provinces. In 283, exploiting Bahrām’s preoccupations, the Roman emperor Carus invaded Mesopotamia unopposed and entered Ctesiphon, the Sāsānian capital. Carus’ sudden death, however, forced the Romans to withdraw, and soon thereafter the overthrow of Hormizd made Bahrām secure. Numerous southern…

Ahura Mazdā, supreme god in ancient Iranian religion, especially Zoroastrianism, the religious system of the Iranian prophet Zarathustra (c. 6th century bce; Greek name Zoroaster). Ahura Mazdā was worshipped by the Persian king Darius I (reigned 522–486 bce) and his successors as the greatest of

Hormizd I was the king of the Sāsānian empire (reigned ad 272–273); he was the son and successor of Shāpūr I. Known before his accession as Hormizd-Ardashīr, he acted as viceroy of the Persian province of Armenia. During Shāpūr’s capture of Antioch from the Romans after 256, Hormizd exercised

Hormizd II was the king of the Sāsānian empire (reigned ad 302–309); he was the son and successor of Narses. Little is known of Hormizd’s reign, although according to one ancient source he executed some members of the Manichaean religion. At Hormizd’s death powerful nobles killed his son

Hormizd IV was the king of the Sāsānian empire (reigned 578/579–590); he was the son and successor of Khosrow I. According to one ancient source, Hormizd protected the common people while maintaining severe discipline in his army and court. When the priests demanded a persecution of the Christians,

Mary Gove Nichols was an American writer and advocate of women’s rights and health reform. Nichols is best known as a promoter of hydropathy—the use of water-cures, cold baths, and vegetarianism to cure illness. She edited the Health Journal and Advocate of Physiological Reform in 1840, and

Philibert Delorme was one of the great Renaissance architects of the 16th century and, possibly, the first French architect to possess some measure of the universal outlook of the Italian masters but without merely imitating them. Mindful that French architectural requirements differed from

Carlo Vincenzo Ferrero di Roasio, marchese d’Ormea was a Piedmontese statesman who as minister under both Victor Amadeus II and Charles Emmanuel III played a leading role in the internal and external affairs of the Piedmontese–Sardinian kingdom. A member of a noble but poor family, Ormea attracted

abalone, any of several marine snails, constituting the genus Haliotis and family Haliotidae in the subclass Prosobranchia (class Gastropoda), in which the shell has a row of holes on its outer surface. Abalones are found in warm seas worldwide. The dishlike shell is perforated near one edge by a

Orm was an Augustinian canon, author of an early Middle English book of metrical homilies on the Gospels, to which he gave the title Ormulum, “because Orm made it.” The work (dated on linguistic evidence c. 1200) is of little literary interest but of great value to linguists, for Orm—who clearly

Ahura Mazdā, supreme god in ancient Iranian religion, especially Zoroastrianism, the religious system of the Iranian prophet Zarathustra (c. 6th century bce; Greek name Zoroaster). Ahura Mazdā was worshipped by the Persian king Darius I (reigned 522–486 bce) and his successors as the greatest of

Bahrām II: …his position against a brother, Hormizd, viceroy of the eastern provinces. In 283, exploiting Bahrām’s preoccupations, the Roman emperor Carus invaded Mesopotamia unopposed and entered Ctesiphon, the Sāsānian capital. Carus’ sudden death, however, forced the Romans to withdraw, and soon thereafter the overthrow of Hormizd made Bahrām secure. Numerous southern…

Hormizd I was the king of the Sāsānian empire (reigned ad 272–273); he was the son and successor of Shāpūr I. Known before his accession as Hormizd-Ardashīr, he acted as viceroy of the Persian province of Armenia. During Shāpūr’s capture of Antioch from the Romans after 256, Hormizd exercised

Hormizd II was the king of the Sāsānian empire (reigned ad 302–309); he was the son and successor of Narses. Little is known of Hormizd’s reign, although according to one ancient source he executed some members of the Manichaean religion. At Hormizd’s death powerful nobles killed his son

Hormizd IV was the king of the Sāsānian empire (reigned 578/579–590); he was the son and successor of Khosrow I. According to one ancient source, Hormizd protected the common people while maintaining severe discipline in his army and court. When the priests demanded a persecution of the Christians,

Ormoc, city, western Leyte, central Philippines, formally granted city status in 1947. The city lies at the head of Ormoc Bay, an inlet of the Camotes Sea. It serves as the only commercial sugarcane district in the eastern Visayan Islands. Rice, copra, and sugar are exported, and sugar, rice, and

ormolu, (from French dorure d’or moulu: “gilding with gold paste”), gold-coloured alloy of copper, zinc, and sometimes tin, in various proportions but usually containing at least 50 percent copper. Ormolu is used in mounts (ornaments on borders, edges, and as angle guards) for furniture, especially

furniture: France: …lacquer decoration, again combined with ormolu mounts. The most celebrated makers of mounts during Louis XV’s reign were Jacques Caffieri and his son Philippe. Jean-François Oeben was made ébéniste du roi (cabinetmaker to the king) in 1754; a pupil of Boulle, he was the most celebrated cabinetmaker of the period.

Ormond Beach, city, Volusia county, northeastern Florida, U.S. It lies on the Atlantic Ocean and the Halifax River (a lagoon separated from the Atlantic by barrier beaches), adjacent to Daytona Beach to the south. Primarily a resort, it has several miles of compact white sand, part of a beach that