Kenny Rogers: In 1966 he joined the New Christy Minstrels, a folk group started by Randy Sparks in 1961. After a year Rogers and a few other Minstrels left to form their own ensemble, the First Edition. Rogers found his way into the spotlight, and the band was soon referred to…

New Church, church organized in the General Conference of the New Church, the General Convention of the New Jerusalem in the U.S.A., and the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Its members are followers of the theology of Emanuel Swedenborg, the 18th-century Swedish scientist, philosopher, and

New Church: …Church, church organized in the General Conference of the New Church, the General Convention of the New Jerusalem in the U.S.A., and the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Its members are followers of the theology of Emanuel Swedenborg, the 18th-century Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian. Swedenborg did not himself…

J. Tuzo Wilson: His paper entitled A New Class of Faults and Their Bearing on Continental Drift (1965) introduced the concept of the transform fault. Whereas previous theories of continental drift had conceived of plates as either moving closer together (convergent plates) or further apart (divergent), Wilson asserted that a third…

Milovan Djilas: In 1957 Djilas’ book The New Class was published in the West from a smuggled manuscript. It asserted that the typical governing Communists in eastern Europe were little different from the capitalists and landowners whom they had replaced; he later renounced this theory in The Unperfect Society (1969). Rearrested…

New Kōmeitō, Japanese political party that was founded in 1964 as the political wing of the Buddhist lay movement Sōka-gakkai. It advocates “humanitarian socialism,” an open, independent foreign policy, and, among other things, the gradual abolition of the Japan-U.S. security treaty. After the 1962

Suriname: Relief: …of the mudbanks begins the New Coastal Plain, also formed from sand and clay from the mouth of the Amazon. The region, covering some 6,600 square miles (17,000 square km), consists of swampland. The soil of the swamps is clay, in which a great deal of peat has formed. The…

China: Wendi’s institutional reforms: …promulgate a penal code, the New Code of 581. In 583 his ministers compiled a revised code, the Kaihuang Code, and administrative statutes. These were far simpler than the laws of the Bei Zhou and were more lenient. Considerable pains were taken to ensure that local officials studied and enforced…

New Coke, reformulated soft drink that the Coca-Cola Company introduced on April 23, 1985, to replace its flagship drink in the hope of revitalizing the brand and gaining market share in the beverage industry. The announcement sparked a furour, and within a few days the decision to discontinue the

Diane di Prima: , New College of California, California College of Arts and Crafts, and the San Francisco Art Institute.

Emma Lazarus: ” Her sonnet “The New Colossus” was chosen to be inscribed on the base of the Statue of Liberty, the monument it celebrates, and it remains a most moving and eloquent expression of an American ideal: “Give me your tired, your poor,” the sonnet concludes, “Your huddled masses…

Columbia Encyclopedia, highly regarded one-volume encyclopaedia, international in scope and useful for quick location of accurate information. The encyclopaedia was first published in 1935 and underwent major revisions in 1950 and 1963. The fourth edition, published in 1975 under the title The New

New Comedy, Greek drama from about 320 bc to the mid-3rd century bc that offers a mildly satiric view of contemporary Athenian society, especially in its familiar and domestic aspects. Unlike Old Comedy, which parodied public figures and events, New Comedy features fictional average citizens and

Edmond Hoyle: …memorialized in such books as The New Complete Hoyle, edited by Richard L. Frey, Albert H. Morehead, and Geoffrey Mott-Smith (1956), comprising the rules, methods of play, and history of more than 600 games of skill and chance, and According to Hoyle, edited by Frey (1965; rev. ed. 1970), concerning…

Leon Trotsky: The struggle for the succession: …easily won, and the “New Course” controversy was terminated at the 13th Party Conference in January 1924 (the first substantially stage-managed party assembly) with the condemnation of the Trotskyist opposition as a Menshevik-like illegal factional deviation. Lenin’s death a week later only confirmed Trotsky’s isolation. Convalescing on the Black…

Jeremiah: Prophetic vocation and message: …future is one regarding the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31–34). While the present literary form of the passage is probably not Jeremiah’s, the thought is essentially his. He prophesied of a time when Yahweh would make a covenant with Israel, superseding the old Mosaic Covenant; Yahweh would write his law upon…

Judaism: New parties and sects: The Damascus sect (New Covenanters) was a group of Pharisees who went beyond the letter of the Pharisaic Halakha. Like the Essenes and the Dead Sea sects, they adopted a monastic lifestyle and opposed the way in which sacrifices were offered in the Temple.

New Criticism, post-World War I school of Anglo-American literary critical theory that insisted on the intrinsic value of a work of art and focused attention on the individual work alone as an independent unit of meaning. It was opposed to the critical practice of bringing historical or

French literature: La Nouvelle Critique (French New Criticism): ” The new and subversive critical tendencies of the 1960s demanded more of the reader, who was to become an active participant in decoding the text, not a passive recipient. The term New Criticism (not to be confused with the Anglo-American New Criticism, developed…

John Crowe Ransom: Ransom’s The New Criticism (1941) provided the name of the influential mid-20th-century school of criticism (see New Criticism).

May Fourth Movement: As part of this New Culture Movement, they attacked traditional Confucian ideas and exalted Western ideas, particularly science and democracy. Their inquiry into liberalism, pragmatism, nationalism, anarchism, and socialism provided a basis from which to criticize traditional Chinese ethics, philosophy, religion, and social and political

encyclopaedia: The contemporary world: Similarly, The New Cyclopaedia, in the early 19th century, incorporated articles on subjects such as candle making and coach building.

Doris Humphrey: Her trilogy known as New Dance, after the title of the third section, was completed in 1936 but never performed as a whole. The work, often considered her masterpiece, explored human relationships through the so-called symphonic form of dance. With My Red Fires, the second section, portrayed romantic love,…

Céline Dion: Career hiatus, Las Vegas residencies, and collaborations: She returned with the albums A New Day Has Come (2002) and One Heart (2003), which flirted with dance pop in addition to her usual adult contemporary fare. While the releases were commercially successful by most standards, their sales did not reach Dion’s previous heights. In 2003 she began performing…

Hüsker Dü: …of critically acclaimed albums including New Day Rising (1985), Flip Your Wig (1985), and Warehouse: Songs and Stories (1987). Mould later had success with solo projects and as a member of the band Sugar.

New Deal, domestic program of the administration of U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) between 1933 and 1939, which took action to bring about immediate economic relief as well as reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, waterpower, labour, and housing, vastly increasing the scope of the

Harold Wilson: His book New Deal for Coal (1945) was the basis of the Labour Party’s plans for nationalizing the coal mines.

New Delhi, national capital of India. It is situated in the north-central part of the country on the west bank of the Yamuna River, adjacent to and just south of Delhi city (Old Delhi) and within the Delhi national capital territory. In December 1911 King George V of Britain decreed that the

New Delhi Television Limited (NDTV) is an Indian news media company and publicly listed broadcaster controlled by Adani Group interests. It was established in 1988 by husband-wife team Prannoy (1949–) and Radhika Roy (1949–) during an era of rapid growth in Indian television resulting from the

New Democracy (ND), conservative political party in Greece. New Democracy was founded in 1974 by Konstantinos Karamanlis, who oversaw the country’s transition from military dictatorship to democracy. It generally supports greater economic liberalization, including privatization and lower taxes, and

New Democracy (ND), conservative political party in Greece. New Democracy was founded in 1974 by Konstantinos Karamanlis, who oversaw the country’s transition from military dictatorship to democracy. It generally supports greater economic liberalization, including privatization and lower taxes, and

Michael Harrington: Shift to Trotskyism and The Other America: …in 1968 through his own New Democratic Coalition and after 1972 through the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee (DSOC). Both organizations were meant to develop into powerful democratic socialist havens that could attract student activists to nonmilitant social politics and ideologically redirect the Democratic Party.

New Democratic Party (NDP), Canadian social democratic political party favouring a mixed public-private economy, broadened social benefits, and an internationalist foreign policy. The New Democratic Party (NDP) grew out of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), which was founded in 1933 as

South Korea: The Third Republic: Members of the opposition New Democratic Party (NDP), whose head was the twice-defeated Yun, claimed fraud and refused for some time to take their seats in the National Assembly.

Ovide Mercredi: …(2015–17) as president of the Manitoba New Democratic Party. Mercredi cowrote the book In the Rapids: Navigating the Future of First Nations (1993). My Silent Drum (2015) is a poetry collection.

Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart: His book The New Despotism (1929) was a powerful but not always temperate indictment of the quasijudicial powers granted to the executive and of the use made of them. On the other hand, champions of civil liberties approved of his opposition to governmental encroachments and bureaucratic restrictions.

BRICS: Expansion and economic initiatives: This New Development Bank (NDB) began operating in July 2014, with founding BRICS members having pooled $100 billion as the bank’s authorized capital. Each founding BRICS member holds an equal stake in the NDB and contributes an equal share to the bank’s assets. Other countries have…

Malaysia: Economy of Malaysia: …(NEP) and later as the New Development Policy (NDP), that has sought to strike a balance between the goals of economic growth and the redistribution of wealth. The Malaysian economy has long been dominated by the country’s Chinese and South Asian minorities. The goal of the NEP and the NDP…

Carl Reiner: Film directing: …several years, cocreating and producing The New Dick Van Dyke Show (1971–74) among other projects, before returning to Hollywood to make Oh, God! (1977), a surprise blockbuster. It starred John Denver as a supermarket assistant manager who is summoned to be the messenger of God (played by George Burns in…

James Laughlin: …and poet, founder of the New Directions press.

Keshab Chunder Sen: …a new society—Naba Bidhan, or Nava Vidhana (“New Dispensation”)—continuing to preach a mixture of Hindu philosophy and Christian theology. He revived many ancient Vedic practices and sent 12 disciples to preach under a flag bearing a crescent, a cross, and a trident, the respective symbols of Islam, Christianity, and Shaivism…

Lee Friedlander: …in the groundbreaking exhibition “New Documents.” That exhibition acknowledged a new brand of documentary photography that celebrated the specific point of view of the photographer. Thirty of Friedlander’s photographs, many of which were street scenes, were exhibited alongside those by Winogrand and Arbus. The exhibition catapulted the careers of…

Manuel Tamayo y Baus: …is Un drama nuevo (1867; A New Drama), a skillful and moving tragedy.

pharmaceutical industry: The New Drug Application: The second important regulatory document required by the FDA is the New Drug Application (NDA). The NDA contains all of the information and data that the FDA requires for market approval of a drug. Depending on the intended use of the drug…

Alexander Pope: Life at Twickenham: …in his last completed work, The New Dunciad (1742), reprinted as the fourth book of a revised Dunciad (1743), in which Theobald was replaced as hero by Colley Cibber, the poet laureate and actor-manager, who not only had given more recent cause of offense but seemed a more appropriate representative…

Cherokee: Removal to Oklahoma: In December 1835 the Treaty of New Echota, signed by a small minority of the Cherokee, ceded to the United States all Cherokee land east of the Mississippi River for $5 million. The overwhelming majority of tribal members repudiated the treaty and took their case to the U.S. Supreme…

Paul Krugman: …later research on the “new economic geography,” which explained the location of jobs and businesses and the reason there was acceleration in the pace of urbanization and a population decline in rural areas.

cliometrics, Application of economic theory and statistical analysis to the study of history, developed by Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926) and Douglass C. North (b. 1920), who were awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1993 for their work. In Time on the Cross (1974), Fogel used statistical analysis

Laos: The Lao People’s Democratic Republic: …a major reform called the New Economic Mechanism (NEM), which followed the introduction of perestroika (“restructuring”), a similar economic reform program in the Soviet Union. The NEM introduced market incentives and began decentralizing government economic enterprise. With the collapse of communist regimes in eastern Europe and of the Soviet Union…

Hungary: Overview: …growth, the government introduced the New Economic Mechanism (NEM) in 1968. The NEM implemented market-style reforms to rationalize the behaviour of Hungary’s state-owned enterprises, and it also allowed for the emergence of privately owned businesses. By the end of the 1980s, one-third of the gross domestic product (GDP)—nearly three-fifths of…

New Economic Policy (NEP), the economic policy of the government of the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928, representing a temporary retreat from its previous policy of extreme centralization and doctrinaire socialism. (Read Leon Trotsky’s 1926 Britannica essay on Lenin.) The policy of War Communism,

Richard Nixon: Domestic policies: Nixon’s New Economic Policy, announced in August 1971 in response to continuing inflation, increasing unemployment, and a deteriorating trade deficit, included an 8 percent devaluation of the dollar, new surcharges on imports, and unprecedented peacetime controls on wages and prices. These policies produced temporary improvements in…

Malaysia: Economy of Malaysia: …(NEP) and later as the New Development Policy (NDP), that has sought to strike a balance between the goals of economic growth and the redistribution of wealth. The Malaysian economy has long been dominated by the country’s Chinese and South Asian minorities. The goal of the NEP and the NDP…

Boyz II Men: Friends in Philly: …recorded by the pop quintet New Edition. In 1989 the quartet managed to meet Michael Bivins—who had been a member of New Edition—and gave him an impromptu audition. Bivins later signed on as their manager and helped define their gentlemanly image.

Elamite language: …cuneiform script, is often called New Elamite.

Aiken: Race riots in Hamburg and Ellenton in 1876 led to Aiken county’s becoming a centre for the political white supremacy movement during and after the Reconstruction era.

New England, region, northeastern United States, including the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. The region was named by Capt. John Smith, who explored its shores in 1614 for some London merchants. New England was soon settled by English Puritans

William Lloyd Garrison: In 1832 he founded the New England Anti-Slavery Society, the first immediatist society in the country, and in 1833 he helped organize the American Anti-Slavery Society, writing its Declaration of Sentiments and serving as its first corresponding secretary. It was primarily as an editorialist, however, excoriating slave owners and their…

chowder, in North American cuisine, hearty soup usually containing fish or shellfish, especially clams. The word chowder is a corruption of the French chaudière (“cauldron”), and chowder may have originated among Breton fishermen who brought the custom to Newfoundland, whence it spread to Nova

New England Confederation, in British American colonial history, a federation of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven, and Plymouth established in May 1643 by delegates from those four Puritan colonies. Several factors influenced the formation of this alliance, including the solution of trade,

New England Conservatory of Music, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Considered one of the leading music schools in the United States, it is also the oldest independent music conservatory in the nation. It offers bachelor’s degrees with majors in

Gunther Schuller: In addition, Schuller formed the New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble, whose recording The Red Back Book, consisting of works of Scott Joplin, became a best seller and won a Grammy Award in 1973.

Libbey Inc., American glass company that is one of the world’s largest manufacturers of glass tableware. Its headquarters are in Toledo, Ohio. Libbey was originally founded in 1818 as the New England Glass Company, in East Cambridge, Massachusetts. The company made a large variety of wares ranging

heraldry: The United States: The New England Historic Genealogical Society of Boston appointed a Committee on Heraldry that since 1928 has issued rolls of arms, in which have been entered the names and arms of those who have submitted their claims to its judgment. The use of this method of…

Marie Elizabeth Zakrzewska: …American physician who founded the New England Hospital for Women and Children and contributed greatly to women’s opportunities and acceptance as medical professionals.

medical association: …other highly respected publications—such as The New England Journal of Medicine—gained prominence. Other examples include the three major medical associations in Great Britain: the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and the British Medical Association (BMA). The latter association, formed in 1832, initially…

New England National Park, natural area in northeastern New South Wales, Australia. It occupies some 280 square miles (725 square km) on the eastern slope of the New England Range, 45 miles (72 km) east of Armidale. The park was established in 1935 and was named for its climatic and scenic

New England Patriots, American professional football team based in Foxborough, Massachusetts, that plays in the NFL. The Patriots have won six Super Bowl titles (2002, 2004, 2005, 2015, 2017, and 2019) and 12 American Football Conference (AFC) championships. (Read Walter Camp’s 1903 Britannica

quilting: The quilt revival: …American Textile History Museum and New England Quilt Museum, both in Lowell, Massachusetts; the Museum of the American Quilter, Paducah, Kentucky; the International Quilt Study Center, Lincoln, Nebraska; the Rocky Mountain Quilt Museum, Golden, Colorado; the San Jose Museum of Quilts and Textiles, San Jose, California; and the Latimer Quilt…

New England Range, section of the Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. The range extends 200 mi (320 km) north from the Moonbi Range (near Tamworth) to the Queensland border and 80 mi from east to west (10–50 mi inland from the coast). It is

American Renaissance, period from the 1830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War (1861–65) in which American literature, in the wake of the Romantic movement, came of age as an expression of a national spirit. The literary scene of the period was dominated by a group of New England

Robert Kraft: …his family also founded the New England Revolution, which played in the Major League Soccer league. The Revolution used the same stadiums as the Patriots but were less successful on the field.

Three Places in New England, composition for orchestra by American composer Charles Ives, completed and much revised in the first decades of the 20th century and published in its best-known version in 1935. Its three movements portray scenes from the composer’s native New England and feature much

New England Range, section of the Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, northeastern New South Wales, Australia. The range extends 200 mi (320 km) north from the Moonbi Range (near Tamworth) to the Queensland border and 80 mi from east to west (10–50 mi inland from the coast). It is

Jonathan Edwards: Influence: …“Hopkinsianism” and later the “New England Theology.” These men and their successors, in their effort to defend Calvinism against Arminians, Unitarians (those who denied the doctrine of the Trinity), and “infidels,” made important modifications in some of its doctrines and thus prepared the way for later 19th-century evangelical liberalism.

Transcendentalism, 19th-century movement of writers and philosophers in New England who were loosely bound together by adherence to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, the innate goodness of humanity, and the supremacy of insight over logic and

North America: The Appalachians: …rise above the 1,100 foot-high New England Upland. Pleistocene glaciation deepened and straightened the valleys, strewing their sides and parts of the coast with debris. Portions of sea-buried end moraines, which mark the limit of the tonguing glaciers, form offshore banks and islands east and south of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia,…

Carolina Hurricanes, American professional ice hockey team based in Raleigh, North Carolina. The Hurricanes play in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL) and won the Stanley Cup in 2006. Founded in 1972 as the New England Whalers and based in Hartford, Connecticut, the

Billy Bragg: …and yielded the hit “A New England” in 1984. A committed socialist, Bragg played a number of benefit performances during the British miners’ strike of 1984–85. (He later helped form Red Wedge, an organization and tour that supported the Labour Party.)

Council for New England, in British American colonial history, joint stock company organized in 1620 by a charter from the British crown with authority to colonize and govern the area now known as New England. Drawing from landed gentry rather than merchants, the company was dominated by its

United States: The middle colonies: …of the ill-fated Dominion of New England. In 1691 Jacob Leisler, a German merchant living on Long Island, led a successful revolt against the rule of the deputy governor, Francis Nicholson. Leisler’s Rebellion, which was a product of dissatisfaction with a small aristocratic ruling elite and a more general dislike…

Biddeford: The University of New England (founded 1939) now incorporates Maine’s only medical school, the New England College of Osteopathic Medicine. Biddeford Pool, Fortunes Rocks, and Hills Beach are nearby resorts. Inc. town, 1718; city, 1855. Pop. (2000) 20,942; Portland–South Portland–Biddeford Metro Area, 487,568; (2010) 21,277; Portland–South…

biblical literature: The New English Bible: The idea of a completely new translation into British English was first broached in 1946. Under a joint committee representing the major Protestant churches of the British Isles, with Roman Catholics appointed as observers, the New Testament was published in 1961, and…

Thomas Morton: …an account of the colonies, New English Canaan (1637). Divided into three volumes, the work illustrated Indigenous culture and New England’s flora and fauna, and it provided history and criticism of Puritanism in which Morton described the settlers as religious fanatics who treated Native Americans with cruelty. Plymouth’s governor, William…

A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, (NED), the title of the original edition (1884–1928) of The Oxford English Dictionary (q.v.), which was the revised and corrected edition published in 1933. (Read H.L. Mencken’s 1926 Britannica essay on American

charity fraud: Charities as victims: …the mid-1990s case of the Foundation for New Era Philanthropy. It lured investment from charitable organizations by promising a double return on the initial investment. The chief executive of New Era Philanthropy claimed that the returns would come from philanthropists who were seeking organizations for charitable donations, though in truth…

empiricism: Modern philosophy: …l’entendement humain (1704, published 1765; New Essays Concerning Human Understanding), arguing that ideas can be virtually innate in a less trivial sense than Locke allowed. Interpreting Locke’s notion of reflection as reasoning rather than as introspection, Leibniz supposed that Locke was more of a rationalist than he really was.

study of religion: Empiricism and pragmatism: …the publication, in 1955, of New Essays in Philosophical Theology, edited by the English philosophers Antony Flew and Alasdair MacIntyre. Though Wittgenstein stressed the idea of “forms of life,” according to which the meaning of religious beliefs would have to be given a practical and living contextualization, little has been…

eugenics: The new eugenics: Despite the dropping of the term eugenics, eugenic ideas remained prevalent in many issues surrounding human reproduction. Medical genetics, a post-World War II medical specialty, encompasses a wide range of health concerns, from genetic screening and counseling to fetal gene manipulation and the…

Robert Boyle: Scientific career: …in Boyle’s first scientific publication, New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air and Its Effects (1660). Boyle and Hooke discovered several physical characteristics of air, including its role in combustion, respiration, and the transmission of sound. One of their findings, published in 1662, later became known as “Boyle’s…

Stardust/NExT, a U.S. space probe that captured and returned dust grains from interplanetary space and from a comet. Stardust was launched on February 7, 1999. It flew past the asteroid Annefrank on November 2, 2002, and the comet Wild 2 on January 2, 2004. A sample capsule containing the dust

Fabianism: …Fabianism was revived with the New Fabian Research Bureau (NFRB), formed by Cole independently of the society in 1931. The NFRB included a number of social-democratic intellectuals, such as Leonard Woolf, William Robson, Hugh Dalton, and Evan Durbin. Laski was briefly involved in the early 1930s. The bureau amalgamated with…

Shailer Mathews: His autobiography, New Faith for Old (1936), is a significant document for the history of the Social Gospel movement in the United States.

Fantastic Four: After Lee and Kirby: …Fantastic Four’s second animated series, The New Fantastic Four (1978) on the NBC television network. Johnny Storm was replaced in the show by a comical robot named H.E.R.B.I.E., and the program lasted only a single season, owing at least in part to the relatively low quality of its animation. Writer…

New Fire Ceremony, in Aztec religion, ritual celebrated every 52 years when the 260-day ritual and 365-day civil calendars returned to the same positions relative to each other. In preparation, all sacred and domestic fires were allowed to burn out. At the climax of the ceremony, priests ignited a

Belgium: Federalized Belgium: …south remained, however, and the New Flemish Alliance polled strongly in local elections in Flanders in October 2012, with party leader Bart De Wever becoming mayor of Antwerp. In July 2013 Albert II, who had represented a significant unifying force throughout his reign, abdicated in favour of his son Philippe.

Baburam Bhattarai: …founded a new leftist party, Naya Shakti Nepal (New Force Nepal). In 2019 he oversaw the party’s merger with the Federal Socialist Forum Nepal, resulting in the formation of the Samajbadi (Socialist) Party Nepal.

Romsey: …on the edge of the New Forest (historically one of the great royal hunting grounds of England), and east of the church there is a hunting lodge that was used by King John in 1210 and is now a museum. Near Romsey is Broadlands estate, which once belonged to the…

New Forest, district, administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England. It consists of the land encompassed by New Forest National Park (established 2005) and its urbanized coastal fringe flanking Southampton Water and The Solent, together with rural areas around Ringwood and Fordingbridge

Dana Gioia: …poet, he was associated with New Formalism—a shift in American poetry, beginning in the 1980s, from free verse to traditional forms.