Lorraine, medieval region, present-day northeastern France. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), it became part of the realm of Lothar I. Inherited by his son Lothar, it became the kingdom of Lotharingia. After Lothar’s death, it was contested by Germany and France and came under German control in 925.

Lothario, fictional character, an unfeeling rake and libertine whose chief interest is seducing women. He appeared in The Fair Penitent (1703), a tragedy in blank verse by Nicholas Rowe. Writer Samuel Richardson used “haughty, gallant, gay Lothario” as the model for the profligate Robert Lovelace

Lothian, a primitive province of Scotland lying between the Rivers Tweed and Forth. The name, of Welsh origin but uncertain meaning, is retained in the names of the modern Scottish council areas of East and West Lothian and Midlothian and the historic region of Lothian. Occupied in the 3rd and 4th

Lorraine, historical region and former région of France, incorporated since January 2016 into the région of Grand Est. As an administrative entity it encompassed the northeastern départements of Vosges, Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Moselle. Much of Lorraine is forested and hilly. The Vosges

Lesotho: Finance and trade: Lesotho’s currency, the loti (plural: maloti), is issued by the Central Bank of Lesotho. The currency was introduced in 1980 as a way to establish monetary independence from South Africa. Lesotho is a member of the Common Monetary Area, comprising Lesotho, Swaziland, South Africa, and (since 1990) Namibia.…

Pierre Loti was a novelist whose exoticism made him popular in his time and whose themes anticipated some of the central preoccupations of French literature between World Wars. Loti’s career as a naval officer took him to the Middle and Far East, thus providing him with the exotic settings of his

riverine ecosystem, any spring, stream, or river viewed as an ecosystem. The waters are flowing (lotic) and exhibit a longitudinal gradation in temperatures, concentration of dissolved material, turbidity, and atmospheric gases, from the source to the mouth. There are two major zones: rapids,

Petrus Lotichius Secundus was one of Germany’s outstanding neo-Latin Renaissance poets. Lotichius studied in Frankfurt, Marburg, and Wittenberg. He participated in the Protestant defense of Magdeburg (1547) and later studied at Montpellier and Padua, where he received his medical degree. Appointed

population ecology: Lotka-Volterra equations: The effects of species interactions on the population dynamics of the species involved can be predicted by a pair of linked equations that were developed independently during the 1920s by American mathematician and physical scientist Alfred J. Lotka and Italian physicist Vito Volterra.…

bingo, game of chance using cards on which there is a grid of numbers, a row of which constitute a win when they have been chosen at random. Bingo is one of the most popular forms of low-priced gambling in the world. To play bingo, which is a form of lottery, each player purchases one or more cards

Lotus-Eater, in Greek mythology, one of a tribe encountered by the Greek hero Odysseus during his return to Ithaca from Troy, where the Greeks had been victorious in the Trojan War. Odysseus arrived in an unfamiliar land after a north wind had driven him and his men from Cape Malea (Homer, Odyssey;

Lotus-Eater, in Greek mythology, one of a tribe encountered by the Greek hero Odysseus during his return to Ithaca from Troy, where the Greeks had been victorious in the Trojan War. Odysseus arrived in an unfamiliar land after a north wind had driven him and his men from Cape Malea (Homer, Odyssey;

The Lotos-Eaters, poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, published in the collection Poems (1832; dated 1833). The poem is based on an episode in Book 9 of Homer’s Odyssey. Odysseus’s sailors, returning home after the fall of Troy, are forced to land in a strange country after a strong wind propels them

The Lord of the Rings (LOTR) trilogy is a series of enormously popular and critically acclaimed fantasy-adventure films based on English author J.R.R. Tolkien’s beloved novel The Lord of the Rings (originally published as three separate books). The three films are subtitled The Fellowship of the

augury: …(cartomancy), dice or lots (cleromancy), dots and other marks on paper (geomancy), fire and smoke (pyromancy), the shoulder blades of animals (scapulimancy), entrails of sacrificed animals (haruspicy), or their livers, which were considered to be the seat of life (hepatoscopy).

Purim, a joyous Jewish festival commemorating the survival of the Jews who, as narrated in the biblical Book of Esther, had been doomed to annihilation in Persia in the 5th century bce. The holiday occurs on the 14th of Adar in the Jewish calendar, falling in February or March on the Gregorian

railroad: Operations: The Lötschberg Base Tunnel, the world’s longest overland tunnel—a 34.6-km (21.5-mile) rail link—took eight years to build, and when full rail service began in 2007, it slashed the train journey between Germany and Italy from 3.5 hours to less than 2 hours. The 57-km (35-mile) Gotthard…

Lötschen Pass, glacier pass (8,825 feet [2,690 metres]) in the Bernese Alps, southern Switzerland, leading from Kandersteg in southern Bern canton (north) to the Lötschental (Lötschen Valley) in Valais canton (south). First mentioned in 1352, the pass was probably crossed earlier by the people of

Trent Lott is an American Republican politician who represented Mississippi in the U.S. House of Representatives (1973–89) and in the U.S. Senate (1989–2007). The son of a shipyard worker, Lott grew up in the coastal town of Pascagoula, Miss. He earned both bachelor’s (1963) and law (1967) degrees

Ronnie Lott is an American gridiron football player who earned first-team All-Pro honours at all three defensive backfield positions during his standout 14-year National Football League (NFL) career. The preternaturally tough Lott is regarded as one of the hardest hitters in NFL history. Lott

Ronnie Lott is an American gridiron football player who earned first-team All-Pro honours at all three defensive backfield positions during his standout 14-year National Football League (NFL) career. The preternaturally tough Lott is regarded as one of the hardest hitters in NFL history. Lott

Trent Lott is an American Republican politician who represented Mississippi in the U.S. House of Representatives (1973–89) and in the U.S. Senate (1989–2007). The son of a shipyard worker, Lott grew up in the coastal town of Pascagoula, Miss. He earned both bachelor’s (1963) and law (1967) degrees

Benito Mussolini: Early life: …a newspaper of his own, La Lotta di Classe (“The Class Struggle”). So successful was this paper that in 1912 he was appointed editor of the official Socialist newspaper, Avanti! (“Forward!”), whose circulation he soon doubled; and as its antimilitarist, antinationalist, and anti-imperialist editor, he thunderously opposed Italy’s intervention in…

Thomas Mann: Later novels of Thomas Mann: title, The Beloved Returns). Lotte Kestner, the heroine of Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther, his semi-autobiographical story of unrequited love and romantic despair, visits Weimar in old age to see once again her old lover, now famous, and win some acknowledgment from him. But Goethe…

lottery, procedure for distributing something (usually money or prizes) among a group of people by lot or by chance. The type of lottery considered here is a form of gambling in which many people purchase chances, called lottery tickets, and the winning tickets are drawn from a pool composed of all

The Lottery, short story by Shirley Jackson, published in The New Yorker in June 1948 and included the following year in her collection The Lottery; or, The Adventures of James Harris. Much anthologized, the story is a powerful allegory of barbarism and social sacrifice. The story recounts the

theatre: Developments in France and Spain: …from Florence in 1626 by Cosimo Lotti, who staged many outdoor productions on the grounds of the Buen Retiro palace in Madrid. For one, he built a floating stage on a lake, and the special effects included a shipwreck, a water chariot drawn by dolphins, and the destruction of Circé’s…

Kylian Mbappé is a French football (soccer) player whose speed and goal scoring as an attacker have made him a dominant force in European club competition. He was part of the French squads that won the 2018 FIFA World Cup and reached the final of the 2022 World Cup, in which he scored a hat trick

bingo, game of chance using cards on which there is a grid of numbers, a row of which constitute a win when they have been chosen at random. Bingo is one of the most popular forms of low-priced gambling in the world. To play bingo, which is a form of lottery, each player purchases one or more cards

Lotto carpet, pile floor covering handwoven in Turkey, so called because carpets of this design appear in several of the works of the 16th-century Venetian painter Lorenzo Lotto. They are characterized by a lacy arabesque repeated field pattern, usually in yellow upon a red ground. This pattern was

Lorenzo Lotto was a late Renaissance Italian painter known for his perceptive portraits and mystical paintings of religious subjects. He represents one of the best examples of the fruitful relationship between the Venetian and Central Italian (Marche) schools. In the earlier years of his life, he

Lotuxo, people of South Sudan, living near Torit, who speak an Eastern Sudanic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. They grow millet, corn (maize), peanuts (groundnuts), and tobacco and raise herds of cattle. The Lotuxo live in large, fortified villages, often with several hundred huts and

Lotuxo, people of South Sudan, living near Torit, who speak an Eastern Sudanic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. They grow millet, corn (maize), peanuts (groundnuts), and tobacco and raise herds of cattle. The Lotuxo live in large, fortified villages, often with several hundred huts and

lotus, any of several different plants. The lotus of the Greeks was the species Ziziphus lotus of the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae), a bush native to southern Europe. It has large fruits containing a mealy substance that can be used for making bread and fermented drinks. In ancient times the fruits

jacana, any of several species of water birds belonging to the family Jacanidae of the order Charadriiformes. Jacanas are uniquely equipped with long straight claws for walking on floating vegetation. Like certain plovers, some jacanas have wing spurs. The seven or eight species of the genus Jacana

bird’s-foot trefoil, (Lotus corniculatus), perennial herbaceous plant of the pea family (Fabaceae). Bird’s-foot trefoil is native to Europe and Asia and has been introduced to other regions. Often used as forage for cattle, it is occasionally a troublesome weed. A double-flowered form has been

Hampi: The royal area: The Lotus Mahal, also known as Kamal Mahal or Chitrangini Mahal, is believed to have been built in the 16th century. It is a two-story pavilion with a dome shaped like a half-open lotus bud that served as a palace of leisure for the women of…

asana: …common is the padmasana (“lotus posture”).

Tiantai, rationalist school of Buddhist thought that takes its name from the mountain in southeastern China where its founder and greatest exponent, Zhiyi, lived and taught in the 6th century. The school was introduced into Japan in 806 by Saichō, known posthumously as Dengyō Daishi. The chief

Lotus Sutra, (“Lotus of the Good Law [or True Doctrine] Sutra”), one of the earlier Mahāyāna Buddhist texts venerated as the quintessence of truth by the Japanese Tendai (Chinese T’ien-t’ai) and Nichiren sects. The Lotus Sutra is regarded by many others as a religious classic of great beauty and

Lotus Temple, Bahāʾī Faith house of worship, or mashriq al-adhkār (Arabic: “a place where the uttering of the name of God arises at dawn”), in New Delhi. In the early 21st century it was one of only nine mashriqs in the world. The Lotus Temple was consecrated and opened to the public in December

hackberry: The Mediterranean hackberry, or European nettle tree (C. australis), is an ornamental that has lance-shaped, gray-green leaves and larger edible fruit. Some West African species produce valuable timber.

On December 7, 1975, Indonesia invaded and annexed Portuguese Timor, seeking to forcibly integrate the territory into Indonesia. Amid the Cold War, Indonesian leaders feared that an independent East Timor would fuel separatism and fall under communist influence. The United States, as an ally of

Lotus-Eater, in Greek mythology, one of a tribe encountered by the Greek hero Odysseus during his return to Ithaca from Troy, where the Greeks had been victorious in the Trojan War. Odysseus arrived in an unfamiliar land after a north wind had driven him and his men from Cape Malea (Homer, Odyssey;

Nelumbonaceae, the lotus-lily family of the order Proteales, consisting of two species of attractive aquatic plants. One of these species is the sacred lotus of the Orient (Nelumbo nucifera) and is found in tropical and subtropical Asia. The other species is the American lotus, or water chinquapin

Prince: Later career: Prince’s later albums include Lotusflow3r (2009), a triple-disc set that included a record by Bria Valente, a protégé. In 2014 he returned to Warner Brothers, releasing Art Official Age and PlectrumElectrum, the latter of which featured backing by the female trio 3rdEyeGirl. They also appeared on HitnRun: Phase One…

Lotuxo, people of South Sudan, living near Torit, who speak an Eastern Sudanic language of the Nilo-Saharan language family. They grow millet, corn (maize), peanuts (groundnuts), and tobacco and raise herds of cattle. The Lotuxo live in large, fortified villages, often with several hundred huts and

Rudolf Hermann Lotze was a German philosopher who bridged the gap between classical German philosophy and 20th-century idealism and founded Theistic Idealism. While studying for doctorates in medicine and philosophy at the University of Leipzig (1834–38), he began interpreting physical processes as

Chinese architecture: The Qin (221–206 bce) and Han (206 bce–220 ce) dynasties: …with tall timber towers (lou) and brick or stone towers (tai) used for a variety of purposes, including the display and storage of works of art. Ceramic representations of Han architecture provide the first direct evidence of true bracketing, with simple brackets projecting a single step forward from the…

Although he lacked the signature sound of Phil Spector or Brian Wilson, Lou Adler was an important catalyst for the new folk-rock sound of California. After working with Herb Alpert as a songwriter, producer, and artist manager at Keen and Dore Records in the late 1950s, Adler became West Coast

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by the gradual loss of motor neurons—the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. As these neurons deteriorate and die, the brain can no longer effectively communicate with the

James L. Brooks: …its spin-offs Rhoda (1974–78) and Lou Grant (1977–82). Brooks’s next success as writer and producer, the sitcom Taxi (1978–83), maintained the narrative focus on interpersonal relationships between friends and coworkers that he had established on his earlier shows. His later television production credits included The Tracey Ullman Show (1987–90) and…

Oceanic art and architecture: The Admiralty Islands: …bowls, ladles, and spatulas; on Lou, obsidian was carved into great hemispheric bowls; on Rambutyo figures and anthropomorphic lime spatulas were common; and the people on Pak made beds (used nowhere else in Melanesia) and slit gongs. Although the Matankor were neither culturally nor linguistically homogeneous, their art style shows…

Julian Schnabel: …Bell and the Butterfly) and Lou Reed’s Berlin. The former, which won two Golden Globe Awards—one for best director and the other for best foreign-language film—concerns a style-magazine editor who suffers a stroke, which leaves him almost completely paralyzed, and dictates his memoirs by blinking his left eye. The film…

Louang Namtha, town, northwestern Laos. The town is situated about 10 miles (16 km) south of the Chinese border and about 50 miles (80 km) east of the border with (Myanmar) Burma, in the upper Tha River valley. It is linked to eastern Myanmar and Louangphrabang (95 miles [153 km] southeast) by

Max Elskamp: …title of his first collection, La Louange de la vie (1898; “The Praise of Life”).

Louangphrabang, town, northern Laos. A port on the Mekong River, Louangphrabang lies 130 miles (210 km) north-northwest of Vientiane, the national capital. From 1353 Louangphrabang, then called Muong Swa, was the capital of the kingdom of Lan Xang. Around 1563 the royal court was removed to

Émile Loubet was a statesman and the seventh president of the French Third Republic, who contributed to the break between the French government and the Vatican (1905) and to improved relations with Great Britain. A lawyer, Loubet entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1876, championing the republican

Loubomo, commune (town), southern Congo (Brazzaville), and an important transport centre for western Congo (Kinshasa) and southern Gabon. It lies 70 miles (110 km) northeast of Pointe-Noire (the Atlantic coastal terminus of the railway and highway network of Congo [Brazzaville]), near the junction

Christian Louboutin is a French fashion designer who is best known for his high-end shoes, which are identifiable by their brilliant red soles. As a teenage apprentice in the dressing rooms of the Folies-Bergère, the famed Parisian music hall, Louboutin was impressed with the ability of the

Ore Mountains: Loučná (3,136 feet [956 metres]) is at the northeastern end and Špičák (3,658 feet [1,115 metres]) at the southwestern end. The name of this range rightly suggests the tradition of mineral wealth, worked by generations of small groups of craftsmen (gold and silver, lead and…

Rihanna: Later works: Rated R, Talk That Talk, and Unapologetic: …less-portentous fare on the dance-friendly Loud (2010). In early 2011 the album’s sexually provocative single “S&M” became her 10th number one Billboard hit—which made her, at age 23, the youngest artist ever to reach that milestone. Included in the total were prominent collaborations with hip-hop artists T.I. and Eminem that…

What’s loud budgeting? It’s about being loud and proud and achieving your financial goals in the process. Loud budgeting is the opposite of feeling any kind of shame about your personal finances. You might say the world needs more loud budgeters. Let’s make ourselves heard! Keep reading to learn

Lionel Richie: Solo career success, We Are the World, and musical collaborations: …recorded his next studio album, Louder than Words (1996), a stylistically updated blend of gentle jazz, R&B, and hip-hop. Although a success by market standards, the album was greeted with less enthusiasm than Richie’s earlier works. For the next 15 years, response to his albums was generally lukewarm.

tectonic basins and rift valleys: Basins and ranges: …lava-capped surfaces are known as louderbacks. In sum, the tectonic basins of the Basin and Range Province are similar to rift valleys, but their dimensions are smaller, and the ranges are tilted blocks or horsts.

Ron Livingston: Loudermilk and later credits: …Loudermilk in the TV series Loudermilk. The character is a former music critic recovering from alcoholism who is contemptuous of other people, especially when it comes to their musical taste. Kathryn Shattuck observed in a 2017 The New York Times profile on the actor that, “As Sam Loudermilk…Mr. Livingston wanders…

the Louvin Brothers: The members were Ira Louvin (original name Ira Lonnie Loudermilk; b. April 21, 1924, Henagar, Alabama, U.S.—d. June 20, 1965, Williamsburg, Missouri) and Charlie Louvin (original name Charlie Elzer Loudermilk; b. July 7, 1927, Henagar, Alabama—d. January 26, 2011, Wartrace, Tennessee).

Russell Crowe: Later roles: The Nice Guys, The Loudest Voice, and Nuremberg: …News Channel, in the miniseries The Loudest Voice. He later appeared in the thriller Unhinged (2020), playing a man who terrorizes a woman after a traffic incident. In Taika Waititi’s irreverent superhero film Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), Crowe portrayed the god Zeus.

loudness, in acoustics, attribute of sound that determines the intensity of auditory sensation produced. The loudness of sound as perceived by human ears is roughly proportional to the logarithm of sound intensity: when the intensity is very small, the sound is not audible; when it is too great, it

Gideon Ernest, baron von Laudon was an Austrian field marshal who was one of the most successful Habsburg commanders during the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) and the Austro-Turkish War of 1787–91. The son of a Swedish officer of Scottish descent, Laudon entered the Russian Army as a cadet in 1732.

John Claudius Loudon was a Scottish landscape gardener and architect. Loudon was the most influential horticultural journalist of his time, and his writings helped shape Victorian taste in gardens, public parks, and domestic architecture. With his wife, the author Jane Webb Loudon, he wrote and

Loudonia, genus of perennial plants belonging to the water milfoil family (Haloragaceae), found in dry areas of southern Australia. Three species are known, all with stiff, smooth stems, growing to about 30 cm (1 foot) in height and bearing masses of yellow flowers and two- or four-winged fruits.

Loudonia: …when compressed, is called the pop-flower.

Loudonia: behrii, called golden pennants because of the way its thin, delicate fruits wave in the breeze, occurs in South Australia, western Victoria, and New South Wales. L. aurea and L. roei are restricted to South Australia and Western Australia. L. aurea, which has inflated yellow fruits that…

loudspeaker, in sound reproduction, device for converting electrical energy into acoustical signal energy that is radiated into a room or open air. The term signal energy indicates that the electrical energy has a specific form, corresponding, for example, to speech, music, or any other signal in

Spyridon Louis was a Greek runner who won the gold medal in the first modern Olympic marathon in Athens in 1896, becoming a national hero in the process. Although no race in the ancient Greek Olympics was longer than 4,800 metres (3 miles), the marathon was the centrepiece event at the first modern

Spyridon Louis was a Greek runner who won the gold medal in the first modern Olympic marathon in Athens in 1896, becoming a national hero in the process. Although no race in the ancient Greek Olympics was longer than 4,800 metres (3 miles), the marathon was the centrepiece event at the first modern

Louga, town, northwestern Senegal. Louga is a cattle market centre and has road and rail links with the port city of Saint-Louis to the northwest and Dakar to the southwest. The area surrounding Louga is at the northern limits of Senegal’s peanut- (groundnut-) growing area and is inhabited by the

Greg Louganis is an American diver who is generally considered the greatest diver in history. Born to unmarried high-school students, Louganis was adopted as an infant. As a child, he trained in dancing, tumbling, and acrobatics, skills that would later earn him a reputation as a graceful,

Greg Louganis is an American diver who is generally considered the greatest diver in history. Born to unmarried high-school students, Louganis was adopted as an infant. As a child, he trained in dancing, tumbling, and acrobatics, skills that would later earn him a reputation as a graceful,

Loughborough, town, Charnwood borough, administrative and historic county of Leicestershire, central England. It is situated near the River Soar and on the Loughborough Canal, 11 miles (17 km) north-northwest of Leicester. There was a settlement on the site of Loughborough before the Roman invasion

Lockheed Martin Corporation: Lockheed Corporation: …Corporation dates to 1912 when Allan Loughead, his brother Malcolm, and Max Mamlock, who at the time was head of Alco Cab Company, founded Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company to build the Loughead brothers’ floatplane design, the Model G. After a year the company became dormant, but in 1915 the Loughead brothers…

Lockheed Martin Corporation: Lockheed Corporation: …when Allan Loughead, his brother Malcolm, and Max Mamlock, who at the time was head of Alco Cab Company, founded Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company to build the Loughead brothers’ floatplane design, the Model G. After a year the company became dormant, but in 1915 the Loughead brothers bought out the interests…

Joe Clark: …the campaign organization that brought Peter Lougheed to power as premier of Alberta, and from 1967 to 1970 he served as executive assistant to Robert Stanfield, then the Conservative leader in the House of Commons. Clark himself was first elected to Parliament in 1972, and he was elected leader of…

Full House: …marries Rebecca (Becky) Donaldson (Lori Loughlin), whom he met in season two when she and Danny were made cohosts of the morning show Wake Up, San Francisco. In Becky the girls gain a mother figure with whom they get along and frequently go to for advice. They also gain…

Gabby Giffords: …shot in the head by Jared Lee Loughner, a constituent she had met at a similar event several years earlier. Giffords survived the attack, though six people, including a nine-year-old girl, were killed and 12 others were injured.

Loughrea, market town, County Galway, Ireland. It lies along the northern shore of Lough (lake) Rea, 116 miles (185 km) west of Dublin. It has a Roman Catholic cathedral (1900–05) and the remains of a medieval castle and friary and of the town fortifications. Near Loughrea are a dolmen (a

sampo: …by the creator-smith Ilmarinen for Louhi, the hag-goddess of the underworld, and is then stolen back by Ilmarinen and the shaman-hero Väinämöinen. They are pursued by Louhi, and in the ensuing battle sampo is smashed into little pieces, which still preserve enough potency to provide for “sowing and reaping” and…

Louis C.K.: …channel a second television series, Louie, an offbeat, loosely structured show that consisted of short, often-surreal narrative segments—which were not always comedic in nature—interspersed with clips of C.K.’s stand-up performances. He had even more creative control in this second attempt at running a television show: he wrote, directed, edited, and…

Louis (XVII) was the titular king of France from 1793. He was the second son of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette, and he was the royalists’ first recognized claimant to the monarchy after his father was executed during the French Revolution. Baptized Louis-Charles, he bore the title duc de

Margaret Maultasch: The emperor Louis IV the Bavarian annulled Margaret’s first marriage in 1342 and gave her a new husband, his own son Louis, margrave of Brandenburg. These proceedings infuriated the papacy and aggrieved the House of Luxembourg as well as the Habsburgs (who still coveted Tirol). The Tirolese…

Louis was the count of Provence (1347–62), as well as prince of Taranto and Achaia, who by his marriage to Queen Joan I of Naples (1343–82) became king of Naples after a struggle with King Louis I of Hungary. Louis, who is believed to have played a major role in the murder of Andrew of Hungary,

Louis was the king of Portugal whose reign (1861–89), in contrast to the first half of the century, saw the smooth operation of the constitutional system, the completion of the railway network, the adoption of economic and political reforms, and the modernization of many aspects of Portuguese life.

Louis was the king of Spain in 1724, son of Philip V. Louis was born during the War of the Spanish Succession, which disputed his French father’s succession to the Spanish throne; thus, his birth was celebrated by the French and the Spanish. Louis XIV of France was his great-grandfather. In 1709 he

louis, gold coin circulated in France before the Revolution. The franc (q.v.) and livre were silver coins that had shrunk in value to such an extent that by 1740 coins of a larger denomination were needed. The French kings therefore had gold coins struck and called after their name Louis, or louis

Louis Armstrong: Legacy: …1971 was preserved as the Louis Armstrong House Museum, which also maintained his archives.

Louis Armstrong: Movies and other works: This prompted the formation of Louis Armstrong’s All-Stars, a Dixieland band that at first included such other jazz greats as Hines and trombonist Jack Teagarden. For most of the rest of Armstrong’s life, he toured the world with changing All-Stars sextets; indeed, “Ambassador Satch” in his later years was noted…

Catherine, princess of Wales: Relationship with Prince William: marriage and children: …birth to a second son, Prince Louis Arthur Charles of Cambridge, on April 23, 2018.

Louis VIII was the Capetian king of France from 1223 who spent most of his short reign establishing royal power in Poitou and Languedoc. On May 23, 1200, Louis married Blanche of Castile, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile, who effectively acted as regent after Louis’s death. In 1212 Louis seized

louis, gold coin circulated in France before the Revolution. The franc (q.v.) and livre were silver coins that had shrunk in value to such an extent that by 1740 coins of a larger denomination were needed. The French kings therefore had gold coins struck and called after their name Louis, or louis