kremlin, central fortress in medieval Russian cities, usually located at a strategic point along a river and separated from the surrounding parts of the city by a wooden—later a stone or brick—wall with ramparts, a moat, towers, and battlements. Several capitals of principalities (e.g., Moscow,

Krems, city, northeastern Austria, at the confluence of the Danube (Donau) and Krems rivers, northwest of Vienna. Mentioned in 995 as an imperial fortress, it was chartered in the 12th century, when it had a mint. Of its medieval fortifications, the Steiner Gate, the Pulverturm (Powder Tower), and

Krems, city, northeastern Austria, at the confluence of the Danube (Donau) and Krems rivers, northwest of Vienna. Mentioned in 995 as an imperial fortress, it was chartered in the 12th century, when it had a mint. Of its medieval fortifications, the Steiner Gate, the Pulverturm (Powder Tower), and

Kroměříž, city, south-central Czech Republic, on the Morava River, northeast of Brno. The city dates from 1110, after which it was acquired by the bishops of Olomouc. It is best known historically because the Austrian constituent assembly used it as a refuge during the Vienna revolt (1848–49). In

Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg: The Kremsier assembly had drawn up a constitution that would have granted Austria’s many nationalities far-reaching autonomy. The constitution sponsored by Schwarzenberg and introduced by decree on March 4, 1849, however, transformed the Habsburg empire into a unitary, centralized, absolutist state, with extensive imperial powers and…

Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg: …Austrian constitutional convention assembled at Kremsier. The Kremsier assembly had drawn up a constitution that would have granted Austria’s many nationalities far-reaching autonomy. The constitution sponsored by Schwarzenberg and introduced by decree on March 4, 1849, however, transformed the Habsburg empire into a unitary, centralized, absolutist state, with extensive imperial…

Ethiopia: Climate: …the long rainy season (kremt) in June, July, and August. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). However, in many localities July has the coldest temperatures because of the moderating influence of rainfall.

Ernst Krenek was an Austrian-American composer, one of the prominent exponents of the serial technique of musical composition. Krenek studied in Vienna and Berlin and was musical assistant at the German opera houses of Kassel (1925–27) and Wiesbaden (1927–28). In 1938 he immigrated to the United

krennerite, a gold mineral that usually occurs in veins formed at low temperatures, as at Kalgoorlie, Australia, and Cripple Creek, Colo., U.S. A gold telluride (AuTe2), it forms orthorhombic crystals. Two chemically similar minerals, calaverite and sylvanite, form monoclinic crystals; they are

Charles Manson: Tate-LaBianca murders: …to the estate with Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Linda Kasabian. In the driveway they encountered a car driven by Steven Parent, an 18-year-old who had been visiting the estate’s caretaker in the guest house. Watson fatally shot Parent before he, Atkins, and Krenwinkel broke into the main house, leaving Kasabian…

Germany: The reunification of Germany: …him with another hard-line communist, Egon Krenz. Under Krenz the Politburo sought to eliminate the embarrassment occasioned by the flow of refugees to the West through Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. On the evening of November 9, Günter Schabowski, a communist functionary, mistakenly announced at a televised news conference that the…

Aegean civilizations: The Shaft Grave Period on the mainland (c. 1600–1450): …a peripheral stone ring, or krepis. Some tholoi were built on the surface of the land, but most were built in a deep pit excavated into the slope of a hillside. The stones that were overlapped in rings to form the vault in the corbeled system were laid with a…

Juanita Morris Kreps was an American economist and public official, best remembered as the first woman to serve as U.S. secretary of commerce. Juanita Morris graduated from Berea College (B.A., 1942) and then studied economics at Duke University (M.A., 1944; Ph.D., 1948). She married Clifton H.

rice bacterial blight: …wilt, a syndrome known as kresek. Infected seedlings usually are killed by bacterial blight within two to three weeks of being infected; adult plants may survive, though rice yield and quality are diminished.

Eero Saarinen: Life: …Saarinen began to design the Kresge Auditorium and chapel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, choosing the basic forms of an eighth of a sphere for the auditorium and a cylinder for the chapel. The partial sphere is a “handkerchief ” dome resting on three points. The auditorium is arranged…

Kmart, American retail chain with a history of marketing general merchandise primarily through discount and variety stores. It is a subsidiary of Sears Holdings Corporation. The company was founded by Sebastian S. Kresge, a traveling hardware salesman, and John G. McCrory, owner of eight general

S.S. Kresge was an American merchant who established a chain of nearly 1,000 variety and discount stores throughout the United States. Kresge worked as a traveling salesman before going into business with one of his customers, John G. McCrory, the owner of several department and five-and-ten-cent

S.S. Kresge was an American merchant who established a chain of nearly 1,000 variety and discount stores throughout the United States. Kresge worked as a traveling salesman before going into business with one of his customers, John G. McCrory, the owner of several department and five-and-ten-cent

Cresilas was a sculptor whose portrait of the Athenian statesman Pericles generated a type of noble, idealized portraiture. Cresilas was a contemporary of Phidias and one of the sculptors in a competition at Ephesus about 440 bce. His entry, a figure of a wounded Amazon, is ascribed to him from its

mind reading: …Houdini, Joseph Dunninger, and the Amazing Kreskin.

S.H. Kress: In 1929 he established the Kress Foundation, endowing it with 40 percent of the company’s voting stock. The foundation donated works from his collection to art galleries in states in which he owned stores. In 1939 Kress gave the newly established National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., 375 paintings…

S.H. Kress was an American merchant and art collector who used the wealth from his chain of five-and-ten-cent stores to donate artwork to more than 40 U.S. museums. With money saved from his teaching salary, Kress purchased a stationery store in Nanticoke, Pa., in 1887. With the profits, he bought

S.H. Kress was an American merchant and art collector who used the wealth from his chain of five-and-ten-cent stores to donate artwork to more than 40 U.S. museums. With money saved from his teaching salary, Kress purchased a stationery store in Nanticoke, Pa., in 1887. With the profits, he bought

Fridrikh Markovich Ermler: …regained, his memory; Krestyanye (1935; Peasants), also a classic, a grand-scale film on collectivization that mirrors peasant folkways with warmth and sympathy; Veliky grazhdanin (Part 1, 1937, Part 2, 1939; The Great Citizen), dealing with interparty conflicts; and Veliky perelom (1946; The Great Turning Point), extolling Stalin’s leadership of the…

Crete, island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea that is one of 13 administrative regions (periféreies) of Greece. Crete is the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean and the largest of the islands forming part of modern Greece. It is relatively long and narrow, stretching for 160 miles (260 km)

Ernst Kretschmer was a German psychiatrist who attempted to correlate body build and physical constitution with personality characteristics and mental illness. Kretschmer studied both philosophy and medicine at the University of Tübingen, remaining there as an assistant in the neurologic clinic

Paul Kretschmer was a linguist who studied the earliest history and interrelations of the Indo-European languages and showed how they were influenced by non-Indo-European languages, such as Etruscan. A work on Greek vase inscriptions (1894) revealed how nonlinguistic materials could be exploited

Paul Kretschmer was a linguist who studied the earliest history and interrelations of the Indo-European languages and showed how they were influenced by non-Indo-European languages, such as Etruscan. A work on Greek vase inscriptions (1894) revealed how nonlinguistic materials could be exploited

Max Kretzer was a German Expressionist writer who excelled in describing working conditions of the Berlin industrial proletariat in the 1880s and 1890s. The son of a prosperous innkeeper whose business failed, Kretzer went to work in a factory at the age of 13, educated himself, and began to write

Ivar Kreuger was a Swedish financier, known as “the match king,” who attempted to gain a worldwide monopoly over the production of matches. After practicing as a civil engineer in the U.S. and in South Africa, Kreuger returned to Sweden in 1907 and founded a match company. During World War I the

Kreussen stoneware, German salt-glazed stoneware produced at Kreussen, in Bavaria, from the late 16th century until c. 1730–32. Squat tankards with pewter lids, four- or six-sided flasks (Schraubflaschen), and pear- or globular-shaped jugs were primarily produced; the best of these date from the

Harald Kreutzberg was a German modern dancer and choreographer best known for solos that combined dance with mime. Trained at the Dresden Ballet School, Kreutzberg also studied modern dance with Mary Wigman and Rudolf Laban. Beginning in 1927, he appeared in plays directed by Max Reinhardt, and in

Don Francisco is a Chilean television personality who hosted the popular variety show Sábado Gigante (“Giant Saturday”), one of the longest-running programs in television history. Kreutzberger was born to German-Jewish parents who arrived in Latin America just prior to World War II. His mother, a

Ludwig van Beethoven: Approaching deafness: … or the andante of the Kreutzer Sonata can be seen emerging from trivial and characterless beginnings into their final forms. It seems, too, that Beethoven worked on more than one composition at a time and that he was rarely in a hurry to finish anything that he had on hand.…

Leo Tolstoy: Conversion and religious beliefs: …afterword to Kreytserova sonata [1891; The Kreutzer Sonata], a dark novella about a man who murders his wife) total abstinence as an ideal. Tolstoy’s wife, already concerned about their strained relations, objected. In defending his most-extreme ideas, Tolstoy compared Christianity to a lamp that is not stationary but is carried…

Rodolphe Kreutzer was a composer and violinist, one of the founders of the French school of violin playing, and one of the foremost improvisers and conductors of his day. Kreutzer was a pupil of the influential composer and conductor Anton Stamitz and in 1795 became professor of the violin at the

Grateful Dead:

F. Reinhold Kreutzwald was a physician, folklorist, and poet who compiled the Estonian national epic poem Kalevipoeg (1857–61, “The Son of Kalev”). A graduate of Tartu University, Kreutzwald was municipal health officer in Voru for more than 40 years. In 1838 F.R. Faehlmann organized the Estonian

F. Reinhold Kreutzwald was a physician, folklorist, and poet who compiled the Estonian national epic poem Kalevipoeg (1857–61, “The Son of Kalev”). A graduate of Tartu University, Kreutzwald was municipal health officer in Voru for more than 40 years. In 1838 F.R. Faehlmann organized the Estonian

Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel: His second novel, Kreuz- und Querzüge des Ritters A bis Z (1793–94; “The Knight’s Crisscrossing Journeys from A to Z”), portrays the prejudice and pride of the nobility in the misadventures and ultimate reconciliation with society of a quixotic hero. Hippel’s two essays Über die Ehe (1774; “On…

Berlin: The city site: …is the peak of the Kreuzberg, a hill that rises 218 feet (66 metres) above sea level.

gravity: Gravitational fields and the theory of general relativity: …experiment by the American physicist Lloyd Kreuzer established to within 1 part in 20,000 that different materials produce gravitational fields with a strength the same as that of gravitational fields acting upon them. In this experiment a sphere of solid material was moved through a liquid of identical weight density.…

Bad Kreuznach, city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), west-central Germany. It lies along the Nahe River, a tributary of the Rhine, about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Mainz. The site of a Roman fortress and later (819) of a Carolingian palace (Cruciniacum), it fell to the bishops of Speyer in

Ludwig von Gerlach: The founding of the Kreuzzeitung gave him a platform from which to expound his conservative views. A strong Christian, Ludwig advocated freedom of the church from state interference and the formation of Protestants and Catholics into one conservative political bloc. He influenced practical politics chiefly through his brother. After…

Vincas Krėvė-Mickievičius was a Lithuanian poet, philologist, and playwright whose mastery of style gave him a foremost place in Lithuanian literature. After serving as Lithuanian consul in Azerbaijan, Krėvė became professor of Slavonic languages and literature in Kaunas (1922–39) and later in

Vincas Krėvė-Mickievičius was a Lithuanian poet, philologist, and playwright whose mastery of style gave him a foremost place in Lithuanian literature. After serving as Lithuanian consul in Azerbaijan, Krėvė became professor of Slavonic languages and literature in Kaunas (1922–39) and later in

Poland: The marriage of Jadwiga: …negotiations were finalized through the Union of Krewo. Jagiełło accepted Roman Catholicism for himself and Lithuania proper—the other duchies were already Christian (Eastern Orthodox)—and promised to join (applicare) his Lithuanian and Ruthenian lands to the Polish crown. He became the king of Poland under the name of Władysław II Jagiełło…

New Orleans: Cultural life: …Carnival group (called a “krewe”) was the Mystick Krewe of Comus, which appeared in 1857, though celebrations by masked participants date to the 1820s. The krewe of Rex came into existence in 1872. In 1992 the city council began requiring all krewes to be racially integrated; as a result,…

Poland: The marriage of Jadwiga: …negotiations were finalized through the Union of Krewo. Jagiełło accepted Roman Catholicism for himself and Lithuania proper—the other duchies were already Christian (Eastern Orthodox)—and promised to join (applicare) his Lithuanian and Ruthenian lands to the Polish crown. He became the king of Poland under the name of Władysław II Jagiełło…

Leo Tolstoy: Conversion and religious beliefs: …afterword to Kreytserova sonata [1891; The Kreutzer Sonata], a dark novella about a man who murders his wife) total abstinence as an ideal. Tolstoy’s wife, already concerned about their strained relations, objected. In defending his most-extreme ideas, Tolstoy compared Christianity to a lamp that is not stationary but is carried…

krypton: Compounds: …°F); the compound formed is krypton difluoride, KrF2. Several other methods for the synthesis of KrF2 are now known, including irradiation of krypton and fluorine mixtures with ultraviolet radiation at −196 °C (−321 °F).

Iraq: Fight against ISIL: …autonomous zone controlled by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). On August 8 the United States began to launch limited air strikes against ISIL to prevent it from advancing farther into Kurdish territory. KRG forces, known as the peshmerga, were able to drive out ISIL from some areas—including areas that were…

Kribi, town and port located in southwestern Cameroon. It lies at the edge of the tropical rainforest zone, on the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean. In 1828 a commercial factory was constructed in Kribi to trade cheap manufactured imports for ivory, rubber, palm oil, and other products. It

Ludwig Renn: …best known for Krieg (1928; War), a novel based on his World War I battle experiences, the narrator and principal character of which was named Ludwig Renn. The stark simplicity of the novel emphasizes the uncompromising brutality of combat.

Argentina: Military government, 1966–73: Adalbert Krieger Vasena, minister of economy and labour, attempted to stabilize the economy by again devaluing the currency and then undertaking programs in electric power, steel, roads, and housing. In May 1969 disturbances and riots in the cities of Corrientes, Rosario, and particularly Córdoba rose…

Adam Krieger was a composer who is considered the most varied and original master of the German Baroque song. Krieger was educated at Leipzig, where he was organist at St. Nicholas church. From 1657 he was in Dresden as court organist to the elector of Saxony. His surviving compositions are mostly

Johann Philipp Krieger was a German composer known especially for his church cantatas, fugues, and keyboard suites. Krieger studied at Nürnberg and Copenhagen and became court organist at Bayreuth in 1670. Later he studied and toured in Italy, working with Johann Rosenmüller in Venice and Bernardo

Instagram: …by cofounders Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and it is now owned by Meta Platforms, Inc., the parent company of Facebook. One of the biggest social media platforms in the world, Instagram surpassed two billion monthly active users in 2022. The company’s headquarters are in Menlo Park, California.

Murray Krieger was an American literary critic known for his studies of the special nature of the language of imaginative literature. Krieger attended Rutgers University (1940–42), the University of Chicago (M.A., 1948), and Ohio State University (Ph.D., 1952). He taught at the Universities of

the Doors: The Doors’ instrumentalists—keyboardist Ray

Cornelius Krieghoff was a Dutch-Canadian painter. After studying in Düsseldorf, he emigrated to New York about 1837 and later moved to Canada. Working in Montreal and Quebec, he produced more than 2,000 images of American Indian and French-Canadian life and colourful landscapes in a detailed,

military, naval, and air academies: …the system was the venerable War Academy, or Kriegs Akademie, at Berlin, founded in 1810 and offering the highest advanced education for commissioned officers. A great complex of technical and auxiliary schools, such as for cavalry and engineering, filled in the system. After World War I the entire complex was…

Wehrmacht: Operation of the Wehrmacht: …outbreak of war, Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine units were theoretically subordinated to army command at a tactical level. This did not yield a seamless combined arms approach, however, as the OKW never functioned as a true joint staff. When cross-branch cooperation did occur, it was often the result of local commanders…

Detlev, baron von Liliencron: …stories and short novels, notably Kriegsnovellen (1895; “War Stories”). But he is best known for his lyric poems, published in several collections between 1883 and 1909. The best of these poems are characterized by a vividness of expression and accuracy of detail. Liliencron’s insights and observations are original, and he…

Kriemhild, in Germanic heroic legend, sister of the Burgundian kings Gunther, Gernot, and Giselher. In Norse legend she is called Gudrun, and the lays in which she appears are variant tales of revenge. In the Nibelungenlied, she is the central character, introduced as a gentle princess courted by

Western architecture: Postmodernism: …Hans Hollein, Ricardo Bofill, and Léon Krier, provided designs for an exhibition organized by the Venice Biennale under the title, “The Presence of the Past.” These key architects of postmodernism represented several different outlooks but shared a desire to banish the fear of memory from modern architectural design.

Dag Solstad: … (1977; “Betrayal: Prewar Years”) and Krig. 1940 (1978; “War: 1940”) were the first two in a series of novels that gave a minutely documented account of Norway in World War II.

Uys Krige was a South African dramatist, poet, translator, and short-story writer. Krige was educated at the University of Stellenbosch and lived from 1931 to 1935 in France and Spain, where he learned Romance languages. He began his writing career as a reporter on the Rand Daily Mail. He began to

Uys Krige was a South African dramatist, poet, translator, and short-story writer. Krige was educated at the University of Stellenbosch and lived from 1931 to 1935 in France and Spain, where he learned Romance languages. He began his writing career as a reporter on the Rand Daily Mail. He began to

Regina M. Anderson: …Krigwa Players evolved into the Negro Experimental Theatre (also known as the Harlem Experimental Theatre), which in 1931 produced Anderson’s one-act play Climbing Jacob’s Ladder, about a lynching that happened while people prayed in church. The next year the theatre produced her one-act play Underground, about the Underground Railroad. Both…

Edwidge Danticat: The following year Krik? Krak!, a collection of short stories, was published. The collection, which took its title from a call-and-response phrase common in Haitian storytelling, was a finalist for the National Book Award. Her second novel, The Farming of Bones (1998), used as its title the Haitian…

Sergey Konstantinovich Krikalyov is a Russian cosmonaut whose six spaceflights from 1988 to 2005 earned him the world record for most time in space. After earning a degree in mechanical engineering from the Leningrad Technical Institute, Krikalyov joined NPO Energia (now RKK Energia), the largest

krill, any member of the crustacean order Euphausiacea or of the genus Euphausia within that suborder. Euphausiids are shrimplike marine animals that are pelagic in habit (i.e., they live in the open sea). They differ from true shrimp (order Decapoda) in that their gills are located on the swimming

Crimea, autonomous republic, southern Ukraine. The republic is coterminous with the Crimean Peninsula, lying between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. In 2014 Russia covertly invaded and illegally annexed Crimea, a move that was denounced by the international community. Area 10,400 square miles

Mathilde Krim was an American medical researcher and health educator, known for her determined work in combating AIDS and HIV through research and education. Krim was educated at the University of Geneva (B.S., 1948; Ph.D., 1953). She worked on biomedical research projects at the Weizmann Institute

Gestapo: Powers of the Gestapo and its role in the Holocaust: … Heinrich Müller—was joined with the Kriminalpolizei (“Criminal Police”) under the umbrella of a new organization, the Sicherheitspolizei (Sipo; “Security Police”). Under a 1939 SS reorganization, the Sipo was joined with the Sicherheitsdienst, an SS intelligence department, to form the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (“Reich Security Central Office”) under Heydrich. In that bureaucratic maze,…

Krimmler Waterfall, waterfall on the Krimmler River, a tributary of the upper Salzach, in Bundesland (federal state) Salzburg, west-central Austria. The highest cataract in the Austrian Alps, with a fall of 1,247 feet (380 m), it drops in three stages—upper, middle, and lower. Its upper fall is the

Krimmler Waterfall, waterfall on the Krimmler River, a tributary of the upper Salzach, in Bundesland (federal state) Salzburg, west-central Austria. The highest cataract in the Austrian Alps, with a fall of 1,247 feet (380 m), it drops in three stages—upper, middle, and lower. Its upper fall is the

Krimmler Waterfall, waterfall on the Krimmler River, a tributary of the upper Salzach, in Bundesland (federal state) Salzburg, west-central Austria. The highest cataract in the Austrian Alps, with a fall of 1,247 feet (380 m), it drops in three stages—upper, middle, and lower. Its upper fall is the

Jan van Krimpen was an outstanding modern designer of typefaces for books and postage stamps. Van Krimpen received an art education at the academy of art at The Hague. An early interest in poetry led him in 1917 to publish the poetic works of his friends in a series for which he designed the

Krasnyy Luch, city, eastern Ukraine, on the southern slopes of the Donets Hills. Originally established as a mining site in the 1880s, it was incorporated as a city in 1926. Krasnyy Luch historically has been an important anthracite-mining centre of the Donets Basin coalfield. The city also has

Miracle on 34th Street: …lives intersect with that of Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn), an elderly man hired to play Santa at New York City’s famous Macy’s department store, Susan begins to suspect he may be the real St. Nick. After a jealous fellow employee frames him for an assault, Kringle is placed in a…

Henry Crown was a business executive and philanthropist. Crown left school in the eighth grade, worked as an office boy, and in 1919 borrowed $10,000 to found Material Service Corp. with his brothers Irving and Sol. The firm began as a sand, gravel, and lime business that, in 1959, merged into the

Sierra Leone: Languages: Krio, a language derived from English and a variety of African languages, is the mother tongue of the Creoles and the country’s lingua franca. Among the Niger-Congo languages, the Mande group is the largest and includes Mende, Kuranko, Kono, Yalunka, Susu, and Vai. The Mel…

Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani was a prominent Indian educator, social activist, and politician in both pre- and post-independence India, who was a close associate of Mohandas K. Gandhi and a longtime supporter of his ideology. He was a leading figure in the Indian National Congress (Congress Party)

Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani was a prominent Indian educator, social activist, and politician in both pre- and post-independence India, who was a close associate of Mohandas K. Gandhi and a longtime supporter of his ideology. He was a leading figure in the Indian National Congress (Congress Party)

The Boys: …the show was developed by Eric Kripke for Amazon Prime Video. It debuted in July 2019 and ended with its fifth season in 2026, and it was consistently one of Amazon’s most-watched series. The series used the superhero genre as a vehicle for broader commentary on corporate power, celebrity culture,…

Saul Kripke was an American logician and philosopher who from the 1960s was one of the most powerful and influential thinkers in contemporary analytic (Anglophone) philosophy. Kripke began his important work on the semantics of modal logic (the logic of modal notions such as necessity and

Saul Kripke was an American logician and philosopher who from the 1960s was one of the most powerful and influential thinkers in contemporary analytic (Anglophone) philosophy. Kripke began his important work on the semantics of modal logic (the logic of modal notions such as necessity and

Gestapo: Powers of the Gestapo and its role in the Holocaust: … Heinrich Müller—was joined with the Kriminalpolizei (“Criminal Police”) under the umbrella of a new organization, the Sicherheitspolizei (Sipo; “Security Police”). Under a 1939 SS reorganization, the Sipo was joined with the Sicherheitsdienst, an SS intelligence department, to form the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (“Reich Security Central Office”) under Heydrich. In that bureaucratic maze,…

Mari Jászai was a Hungarian actress, one of the greatest Hungarian tragediennes. Jászai’s rise to the top of her profession from a background of poverty was the result of enormous strength of will and an exceptional sense of vocation. She started her career as a chorus singer with small companies,

dagger: …types include the wavy-bladed Malayan kris, the short, curved kukri used by the Gurkhas, the Hindu katar with its flat triangular blade, and innumerable others.

Roma: Political structure: …of social control was the kris, connoting both the body of customary law and values of justice as well as the ritual and formation of the tribunal of the band. Basic to the Roma code were the all-embracing concepts of fidelity, cohesiveness, and reciprocity within the recognized political unit. The…

Karin Boye: Among her novels are Kris (1934; “Crisis”), based on her struggle to accept her lesbianism, and Kallocain (1940; Eng. trans.,1940), which describes the insupportable oppression of a totalitarian society of the future. During World War II Karin Boye committed suicide.

Ernst Kris was a psychologist and historian of art, known for his psychoanalytic studies of artistic creation and for combining psychoanalysis and direct observation of infants in child psychology. Kris received his doctorate in art history from the University of Vienna in 1922 and was appointed an

Marxism: The radicals: …Die Krise der Sozialdemokratie [The Crisis in the German Social-Democracy]), she is known for her book Die Akkumulation des Kapitals (1913; The Accumulation of Capital). In this work she returned to Marx’s economic analysis of capitalism, in particular the accumulation of capital as expounded in volume 2 of Das…

Birger Sjöberg: …unleashed his full fury in Kriser och Kransar (1926; “Crises and Laurel Wreaths”), a relentless and explosive confrontation with post-World War I life and an artistic breakthrough to new forms and highly modern poetic devices.

Krishna, one of the most widely revered and most popular of all Indian divinities, worshipped as the eighth incarnation (avatar, or avatara) of the Hindu god Vishnu and also as a supreme god in his own right. Krishna became the focus of numerous bhakti (devotional) cults, which have over the

Krishna, district, east-central Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It is bounded by the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, and the Krishna River constitutes its southwestern border. The district lies mainly in the delta of the Krishna River, and it has a network of irrigation canals that connect

Hare Krishna: …outgrowth of the popular Bengali bhakti (devotional) yoga tradition, or Krishna Consciousness, which began in the 16th century. Bhakti yoga’s founder, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1485–1534?), advocated the pursuit of mystical devotion through repetitive chanting, especially of the Hare Krishna mantra: