Kriemhild

Kriemhild, in Germanic heroic legend, sister of the Burgundian kings Gunther, Gernot, and Giselher. In Norse legend she is called Gudrun, and the lays in which she appears are variant tales of revenge. In the Nibelungenlied, she is the central character, introduced as a gentle princess courted by Siegfried. He wins Kriemhild’s hand by performing feats for Gunther in the wooing of Brunhild. When Siegfried is later killed on Gunther’s order because of Brunhild’s spite at his role in wooing her, Kriemhild’s grief transforms her into a “she-devil” in the second part of the epic. She marries Etzel (Attila the Hun) for revenge on her brothers, which she achieves by inviting them to Etzel’s court, where she has them killed. She herself is killed by Hildebrand, the weapons master of Dietrich von Bern.

The origin of Kriemhild’s legend may be traced to two historical events. In 437 a Burgundian king, Gundahar, and his followers were wiped out by Huns; and in 453 the Hunnish king Attila died in his sleep at the side of his new bride, a German girl named Hildico, or Ildico. These two events became fused in popular legend. In Old Norse legend, Hildico became Gudrun, who murdered Attila in revenge for his treacherous murder of her brothers. As the legend was reshaped in other Germanic regions where Attila was too much esteemed to be credited with atrocity, Etzel was pushed to the background, and Kriemhild became the murderess of her own brothers. See Atli, Lay of; Nibelungenlied.