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The Union of Krewo, established in 1385, was an agreement that linked Poland and Lithuania under a single ruler, Jogaila, who married the Polish queen Jadwiga and became King of Poland. This personal union was strengthened in 1569 by the Union of Lublin, which created a more formal federation known as the Commonwealth of Two Peoples.

While both countries retained distinct administrations, armies, and laws, they shared a common parliament and elected a joint sovereign. This union significantly influenced the region until the late 18th century when the Polish-Lithuanian state was partitioned.12

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