David Beckham: Club play: …that included future star players Ryan Giggs, Gary Neville, and Paul Scholes and won the national-level Football Association (FA) Youth Cup in 1992. Beckham made his first-team debut for Manchester United in September 1992 and signed a professional contract with the club in January 1993. He scored his first goal…

Alfred Drake: …and as Honoré Lachalles in Gigi (1973). He also took on serious roles in such plays as Much Ado About Nothing (1957) and Hamlet (1964). Drake was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame (1981) and was awarded the Tony Honor of Excellence (1990).

Maurice Chevalier: His next film, Gigi (1958), won nine Academy Awards, including that for best picture, and remains Chevalier’s most popular movie. His later motion pictures included Can-Can (1960) and Fanny (1961). In 1958 Chevalier received an honorary Academy Award for his more than 50 years of contributions to the…

Gigi, comedy of manners by Colette, published in 1944. While Gigi’s mother works as a second-rate theatre singer, Gigi is left in the care of her grandmother and great-aunt, both retired courtesans. They endeavour to teach Gigi the family business: pleasing men. The two decide to ask Gaston, the

Gijón, city, Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain. It is located on the Bay of Biscay at the foot of Santa Catalina Hill, just northeast of Oviedo city. Known to the Romans and Goths as Gigia, it was captured by the Moors early in the 8th

Ben Affleck: Return to prominence: costarred with Jennifer Lopez in Gigli, which received scathing reviews. He and Lopez became engaged, and the intense tabloid coverage of their two-year relationship overshadowed his career. Although he continued acting, it was not until 2006 that Affleck returned to prominence, this time as the former Superman actor George Reeves…

Beniamino Gigli was one of the greatest Italian operatic tenors of the first quarter of the 20th century. Gigli studied in Rome, and, after winning a competition at Parma in 1914, he made his debut at Rovigo, Italy, as Enzo in Amilcare Ponchielli’s La gioconda. Following engagements in Spain and

Beniamino Gigli: …with his daughter, the soprano Rina Gigli. His last operatic appearance was in 1954, his last concert in 1955.

Giglio Island, mountainous, volcanic islet of the Tuscan Archipelago, in the Tyrrhenian Sea, opposite Mount Argentario, on the west coast of Italy. The island rises to 1,634 feet (498 metres) and has an area of 8 square miles (21 square km). Wine is produced, and there is considerable offshore

Maurice-Irénée-Marie Gignoux was a French geologist who contributed to knowledge of the stratigraphy of the Mediterranean during the Pliocene Epoch (5.3 to 2.6 million years ago) and the Quaternary Period (from 2.6 million years ago to the present). He joined the meteorological research department

Gene Kelly: Films of the 1960s and beyond: …the Wind (1960), Kelly directed Gigot (1962), a heart-tugging story filmed in Paris and starring Jackie Gleason as a mute man who takes a waif under his wing. Kelly also directed the comedy A Guide for the Married Man (1967), which starred Walter Matthau as the title character being tutored…

gigue, popular Baroque dance that originated in the British Isles and became widespread in aristocratic circles of Europe; also a medieval name for a bowed string instrument, from which the modern German word Geige (“violin”) derives. Whereas true jigs were quick and wild solo dances of indefinite

Anaheim Ducks: …by the fantastic goaltending of Jean-Sébastien Giguère. Anaheim eventually lost that series to the New Jersey Devils, but Giguère won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the postseason’s most valuable player.

Canadian literature: World War II and the postwar period, 1935–60: …word, while poet and engraver Roland Giguère began writing poetry inspired by both Surrealism and Quebec nationalism. On the political front, in 1950 Pierre Elliott Trudeau and others founded Cité libre (“Free City”), a journal of social and political criticism. The “quiet revolution” was not far away.

Gijón, city, Asturias provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain. It is located on the Bay of Biscay at the foot of Santa Catalina Hill, just northeast of Oviedo city. Known to the Romans and Goths as Gigia, it was captured by the Moors early in the 8th

Joost van den Vondel: Van den Vondel’s Gijsbrecht van Aemstel (1637), written during this transitional period, provides a hero for the capital of the new Dutch Republic who was modeled on Virgil’s Aeneas. In 1639 van den Vondel completed his first translation of a Greek tragedy, Sophocles’ Electra. His original play Gebroeders,…

Belgian literature: After World War I: …Brulez and the disenchanted humanist Marnix Gijsen, who produced his best work in the symbolic Het boek van Joachim van Babylon (1947; “The Book of Joachim of Babylon”), are more or less detached observers of human weaknesses.

Joseph Gikatilla was a major Spanish Kabbalist whose writings influenced those of Moses de León, presumed author of the Zohar (“Book of Splendour”), an important work of Jewish mysticism. Gikatilla’s early studies of philosophy and the Talmud (the rabbinical compendium of law, lore, and commentary)

Japanese literature: Kamakura period (1192–1333): …by the Soga brothers, and Gikeiki (“Chronicle of Gikei”; Eng. trans. Yoshitsune), describing the life of the warrior Minamoto Yoshitsune. Though inartistically composed, these portraits of resourceful and daring heroes caught the imaginations of the Japanese, and their exploits are still prominent on the Kabuki stage.

Kikuyu, Bantu-speaking people who live in the highland area of south-central Kenya, near Mount Kenya. In the late 20th century the Kikuyu numbered more than 4,400,000 and formed the largest ethnic group in Kenya, approximately 20 percent of the total population. Their own name for themselves is

Mac: Usually -Gil- here is giolla, “follower” or “devotee” (usually associated with Christ or with the name of some saint—e.g., Gilchrist or Gilmartin). It is rare with O but frequent with Mac, as, for example, in MacElroy, MacIlwaine, MacLennan, MacClellan. There are numerous modern anglicized forms of…

Gil Blas, picaresque novel by Alain-René Lesage, published in four volumes—the first two in 1715, the third in 1724, and the fourth in 1735. Considered one of literature’s first realistic novels, Gil Blas takes an ordinary man through a series of adventures in high and low society. The work helped

Guy de Maupassant: Mature life and works of Guy de Maupassant: …for Le Gaulois and the Gil Blas. Many of his stories made their first appearance in the latter newspaper. The 10 years from 1880 to 1890 were remarkable for their productivity; he published some 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and his only volume of verse.

Juan Gil de Hontañón was a celebrated Spanish architect who was the maestro mayor (official architect) of the Segovia cathedral and who designed in a late medieval style. Gil de Hontañón worked in Burgos with Simon of Cologne, one of a family of German architects who were responsible for many

Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón was a celebrated Spanish architect who is perhaps best known for his treatise on architecture. He also designed several notable buildings in the Spanish style known as Plateresque. Gil de Hontañón’s father, Juan, was the maestro mayor (official architect) of the Segovia

Gilberto Gil is a Brazilian multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter who was one of the leading names in Brazilian music and an originator of the movement known as Tropicália (or Tropicalismo). Gil, who was the son of a doctor and an elementary-school teacher, grew up mostly in Ituaçu, a small

José María Gil Robles was a Catholic politician and leader during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–36). Gil Robles, a lawyer, led the Catholic party Acción Popular in the anticlerical first phase of the republic and then formed a coalition called the CEDA (Confederación Española de Derechas

Spanish literature: The Romantic movement: …Señor de Bembibre (1844) by Enrique Gil y Carrasco, reflects Gil’s carefully researched history of the Templars in Spain. Other important novels are Mariano José de Larra’s El doncel de Don Enrique el doliente (1834; “The Page of King Enrique the Invalid”) and Espronceda’s Sancho Saldaña (1834).

Gilberto Gil is a Brazilian multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter who was one of the leading names in Brazilian music and an originator of the movement known as Tropicália (or Tropicalismo). Gil, who was the son of a doctor and an elementary-school teacher, grew up mostly in Ituaçu, a small

Gila Bend, town, Maricopa county, southwestern Arizona, U.S., 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Phoenix. The Gila River makes a sweeping 90° bend westward at this point, hence the name. The city is near a pre-Columbian Hohokam village first visited in 1699 by Father Eusebio Kino. It had been a

Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, archaeological site in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Gila National Forest near the headwaters of the Gila River. The name Gila is derived from the Yuma Indian term hahquahssael, meaning “salty water running.” The monument lies in rugged country about

Gila monster, (Heloderma suspectum), one of two species of North American venomous lizards in the genus Heloderma of the family Helodermatidae. The Gila monster (H. suspectum) was named for the Gila River basin and occurs in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It grows to about 50

Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument: , in the Gila National Forest near the headwaters of the Gila River. The name Gila is derived from the Yuma Indian term hahquahssael, meaning “salty water running.” The monument lies in rugged country about 30 miles (50 km) north of Silver City. It contains groups of small…

Gila River, river rising in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Elk Mountains, near the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. The river, draining 58,100 sq miles (150,500 sq km), flows 630 miles (1,015 km) west and southwest over desert land to the Colorado River at Yuma, Arizona. Its chief

Gīlān, province, northwestern Iran, bounded by the Caspian Sea and the Republic of Azerbaijan on the north, Ardabīl province on the west, Zanjān province on the southwest, Qazvīn province on the south, and Māzandarān province on the east. The capital is Rasht. Gīlān was within the sphere of

Caspian Sea: Shoreline features: …sediments of the Länkäran and Gīlān-Māzanderān lowlands, with the high peaks of the Talish and Elburz ranges rearing up close inland. The eastern shore of the southern Caspian is low, formed partly by sediments derived from the erosion of the cliffs along the sea. The shoreline there is broken sharply…

Rashid Ali al-Gaylani was an Iraqi lawyer and politician who was prime minister of Iraq (1933, 1940–41, 1941) and one of the most celebrated political leaders of the Arab world during his time. The scion of an aristocratic Sunni family, Gaylani studied law at Baghdad Law School. After several years

Yousaf Raza Gilani is a Pakistani politician who was the prime minister of Pakistan (2008–12). Gilani was born into a prominent family of landowners from the Punjab province, many of whom were involved in politics, including his father, who was a provincial minister during the 1950s. After studying

Yousaf Raza Gilani is a Pakistani politician who was the prime minister of Pakistan (2008–12). Gilani was born into a prominent family of landowners from the Punjab province, many of whom were involved in politics, including his father, who was a provincial minister during the 1950s. After studying

Gilbert & George, British collaborative team made up of Gilbert Proesch (b. September 17, 1943, Dolomites, Italy) and George Passmore (b. January 8, 1942, Plymouth, Devon, England), whose dynamic and often humorous insertion of themselves into their art proved an important chapter in postwar

Gilbert and Ellice Islands, former British colony, west-central Pacific Ocean. The colony consisted of the Gilbert Islands, Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands), the northern Line Islands, and the Phoenix Islands. First visited by Europeans by the early 19th century, the group was proclaimed a British

Arthur Sullivan was a composer who, with W.S. Gilbert, established the distinctive English form of the operetta. Gilbert’s satire and verbal ingenuity were matched so well by Sullivan’s unfailing melodiousness, resourceful musicianship, and sense of parody that the works of this unique partnership

W.S. Gilbert was an English playwright and humorist best known for his collaboration with Arthur Sullivan in comic operas. Gilbert began to write in an age of rhymed couplets, puns, and travesty; his early work exhibits the facetiousness common to writers of extravaganza. But he turned away from

Gilbert Crispin was an English cleric, biblical exegete, and proponent of the thought of St. Anselm of Canterbury. Of noble birth, Gilbert was educated and later became a monk at the monastery of Bec, in Normandy, where Anselm was abbot. Gilbert served as abbot of Westminster Abbey from about 1085

digestive system disease: Unconjugated jaundice: Gilbert disease, a fairly common hereditary deficiency in the hepatic transport protein ligandin and the conjugating enzyme glucuronyl transferase, results in a harmless lifelong tendency to mild degrees of unconjugated jaundice, especially during periods of fasting or fatigue.

Gilbert Foliot was an Anglo-Norman Cluniac monk who became bishop of Hereford and later of London; he was an unsuccessful rival of Thomas Becket for the archbishopric of Canterbury and afterward was Becket’s opponent in ecclesiastical and secular politics. Gilbert’s appointment in 1139 as abbot of

Gilbert Islands, group of 16 coral islands and atolls, part of Kiribati, in the west-central Pacific Ocean 2,800 miles (4,500 km) northeast of Australia. The low-lying islands—Makin, Butaritari, Marakei, Abaiang, Tarawa, Maiana, Abemama, Kuria, Aranuka, Nonouti, Tabiteuea, Beru, Nikunau, Onotoa,

Linda Gilbert: The Gilbert Library and Prisoners’ Aid Society (1876–83) was of genuine, if limited, service; prison libraries were supported, small personal items were distributed to prisoners, and support and sometimes employment were offered to released prisoners.

Saint Gilbert of Sempringham ; canonized 1202; feast day February 4, feast day in Northampton and Nottingham February 16) was an English priest, prelate, and founder of the Ordo Gilbertinorum Canonicorum or Ordo Sempringensis (Order of Gilbertine Canons, or Sempringham Order), commonly called

rat kangaroo: A closely related species, Gilbert’s potoroo (P. gilbertii), of southwestern Australia, was long thought to be extinct, but in the 1990s a tiny population was rediscovered near Albany, Western Australia. Another Western Australian species, the broad-faced potoroo (P. platyops), has been listed as an extinct species on the IUCN…

Alan Gilbert is an American conductor who is known for programming contemporary music along with the traditional repertoire and for his ability to communicate with and engage audiences. Gilbert was the son of violinists Michael Gilbert and Yoko Takebe, both of whom eventually joined the New York

Anne Jane Hartley Gilbert was an American dancer and actress, popular on the 19th-century stage for her character roles. Anne Hartley grew up in London. At age 12 she began studying dance in the ballet school of Her Majesty’s Theatre, Haymarket. She danced in the corps at Her Majesty’s and Drury

Cass Gilbert was an architect, designer of the Woolworth Building (1908–13) in New York City and of the United States Supreme Court Building (completed 1935) in Washington, D.C. Conscientious and prosperous, he was an acknowledged leader of the architectural profession in the United States during a

Torsten Wiesel: …collaborative partnership with American neurobiologist Charles Gilbert, who was studying the interactions of neurons in the primary visual cortex. Their studies led to the elucidation of fundamental neuronal connections in the visual cortex and revealed information about the responses of cells in the visual receptive fields. From 1991 to 1998…

Sir Humphry Davy: Early life: ” He was befriended by Davies Giddy (later Gilbert; president of the Royal Society, 1827–30), who offered him the use of his library in Tradea and took him to a chemistry laboratory that was well equipped for that day. There he formed strongly independent views on topics of the moment,…

Lola Montez was an Irish adventuress and “Spanish” dancer who achieved international notoriety through her liaison with King Louis I (Ludwig I) of Bavaria. Elizabeth (“Eliza”) Gilbert spent much of her girlhood in India but was educated in Scotland and England. At age 19 she eloped with Lieutenant

Lola Montez was an Irish adventuress and “Spanish” dancer who achieved international notoriety through her liaison with King Louis I (Ludwig I) of Bavaria. Elizabeth (“Eliza”) Gilbert spent much of her girlhood in India but was educated in Scotland and England. At age 19 she eloped with Lieutenant

chess: Women in chess: An American woman, Ellen Gilbert, defeated a strong English amateur, George Gossip, twice in an international correspondence match in 1879—announcing checkmate in 21 moves in one game and in 35 moves in the other. Edith Winter-Wood composed more than 2,000 problems, 700 of which appeared in a book…

history of Europe: Renaissance thought: …tragedy by the American historian Felix Gilbert, for it demonstrates how, out of stupidity and weakness, people make mistakes that gradually narrow the range of their freedom to choose alternative courses and thus to influence events until, finally, they are trapped in the web of fortune. This view of history…

Muncie: …was founded in 1827 when Goldsmith C. Gilbert, a trader, donated land for the county seat. The first railroad (1852) and the discovery of natural gas (first exploited 1886) contributed to the city’s growth. Although gas production failed in the early 1900s, the city continued to grow as a manufacturing…

Grove Karl Gilbert was a U.S. geologist, one of the founders of modern geomorphology, the study of landforms. He first recognized the applicability of the concept of dynamic equilibrium in landform configuration and evolution—namely, that landforms reflect a state of balance between the processes

Humphrey Gilbert was an English soldier and navigator who devised daring and farseeing projects of overseas colonization. Although he was brilliant and creative, his poor leadership was responsible for his failure to establish the first permanent English colony in North America. He succeeded,

tropical cyclone: Naming systems: …not be used again include Gilbert, a 1988 category 5 hurricane that had the lowest central atmospheric pressure (888 millibars) ever recorded in the Atlantic. Also retired is Mitch, the name of a category 5 hurricane that stalled off the coast of Honduras for two days in 1998 before slowly…

Australian gold rushes: Life and lawlessness on the goldfields: …which included Ben Hall and John Gilbert, held up a coach at Eugowra as it was traveling from Forbes to Orange. The bushrangers escaped with £14,000 in gold and banknotes, an enormous sum. Gardiner was arrested two years later and spent 10 years in prison for the Eugowra robbery. Other…

John Gilbert was a romantic leading man of the silent era of film, known as the “Great Lover.” In retrospect, his acting career has been overshadowed by his identification as the tragic star who failed to make the transition to sound. (Read Lillian Gish’s 1929 Britannica essay on silent film.) The

You Only Live Twice: Production notes and credits:

Linda Gilbert was an American welfare worker whose efforts to provide library and other services to prison inmates met with limited success. Gilbert grew up in Chicago from the age of five. In childhood her daily path to convent school took her past the Cook County Jail. She eventually developed an

Little House on the Prairie: Cast and characters: Laura (Melissa Gilbert), the tomboy of the family, is more interested in fishing and playing baseball than in partaking in stereotypical feminine activities. Lovingly called “Half-Pint” by Pa, she is his favorite child. The third sister, Carrie, is played by identical twins Sidney and Rachel Lindsay…

Pete Seeger: The Weavers: Ronnie Gilbert, and Fred Hellerman—which achieved considerable success on college campuses, in concert, and on several records. Shortly after the group achieved national fame, however, a great deal of controversy was stirred up concerning Seeger’s previous activities in left-wing and labor politics, and the Weavers…

Rufus Henry Gilbert was a U.S. surgeon and transit expert who played a major role in the development of rapid transit in New York City. Gilbert attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City and then served as a surgeon in the Federal Army in the Civil War, attaining the rank of

Pete Seeger: The Weavers: Ronnie Gilbert, and Fred Hellerman—which achieved considerable success on college campuses, in concert, and on several records. Shortly after the group achieved national fame, however, a great deal of controversy was stirred up concerning Seeger’s previous activities in left-wing and labor politics, and the Weavers…

Western sculpture: 19th-century sculpture: …the end of the century, Alfred Gilbert, creator of the most remarkable metropolitan fountain since the Renaissance (the Eros in Piccadilly Circus), also became the first sculptor of the foremost rank since Cellini to devote himself wholeheartedly to the art of the goldsmith.

Sir Henry Gilbert was an English chemist whose most important contribution was his study of nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on crops. In 1843 Gilbert joined Sir John Bennet Lawes as codirector of agricultural research at the newly founded Rothamsted Experimental Station, Hertfordshire, the

Humphrey Gilbert was an English soldier and navigator who devised daring and farseeing projects of overseas colonization. Although he was brilliant and creative, his poor leadership was responsible for his failure to establish the first permanent English colony in North America. He succeeded,

Sir John Gilbert was an English Romantic painter and illustrator of literary classics, especially remembered for his woodcut illustrations for the works of Shakespeare (1858–60) and Scott. He preferred medieval chivalric subjects, and such pictures as Sir Lancelot du Lake (1887) earned him the

Sir Henry Gilbert was an English chemist whose most important contribution was his study of nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on crops. In 1843 Gilbert joined Sir John Bennet Lawes as codirector of agricultural research at the newly founded Rothamsted Experimental Station, Hertfordshire, the

W.S. Gilbert was an English playwright and humorist best known for his collaboration with Arthur Sullivan in comic operas. Gilbert began to write in an age of rhymed couplets, puns, and travesty; his early work exhibits the facetiousness common to writers of extravaganza. But he turned away from

W.S. Gilbert was an English playwright and humorist best known for his collaboration with Arthur Sullivan in comic operas. Gilbert began to write in an age of rhymed couplets, puns, and travesty; his early work exhibits the facetiousness common to writers of extravaganza. But he turned away from

Walter Gilbert is an American molecular biologist who was awarded a share (with Paul Berg and Frederick Sanger) of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980 for his development of a method for determining the sequence of nucleotide links in the chainlike molecules of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

William Gilbert was a pioneer researcher into magnetism who became the most distinguished man of science in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Educated as a physician, Gilbert settled in London and began to practice in 1573. His principal work, De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et

Linda Gilbert was an American welfare worker whose efforts to provide library and other services to prison inmates met with limited success. Gilbert grew up in Chicago from the age of five. In childhood her daily path to convent school took her past the Cook County Jail. She eventually developed an

Saint Gilbert of Sempringham: …or Sempringham Order), commonly called Gilbertines, the only medieval religious order of English origin.

Ituri Forest: Plant and animal life: In the south and west Gilbertiodendron deweverei dominates and can constitute 90 percent of the standing vegetation. The regions of the forest dominated by only a few plant species have less abundant and diverse animal life than the other, more botanically mixed areas, such as in the north and east.…

Astrud Gilberto was a Brazilian singer who became a star overnight with the international hit “The Girl from Ipanema.” The single propelled the bossa nova movement—a musical style that combines Brazilian samba rhythms and jazz—to the international stage. Gilberto was born Astrud Evangelina Weinert,

bossa nova: …Carlos Jobim and the guitarist João Gilberto may be considered the founders of this style, which was considered particularly characteristic of Brazilian culture and which in the mid-1960s began to be associated with movements of social protest. Instrumentation is varied and purposely simple, limited to a few rhythm instruments—e.g., guitar,…

Montdory was the first outstanding French actor, whose presentations of the works of Corneille were especially notable. Montdory began his theatrical career in 1612 in a troupe led by Valleran Le-Comte, a company specializing in the tragicomedies of Alexandre Hardy. A member of the company of the

Frank Bunker Gilbreth was an American engineer who, with his wife, Lillian Gilbreth, developed the method of time-and-motion study, as applied to the work habits of industrial employees, to increase their efficiency and hence their output. Gilbreth ended his formal education after high school and

Lillian Evelyn Gilbreth was an American psychologist and engineer who, with her husband, Frank Bunker Gilbreth, developed methods to increase the efficiency of industrial employees, most notably time-and-motion study. Moller received bachelor’s and master’s degrees in literature from the University

William Johnson: In Gilchrist v. Collector of Charleston (1808), Johnson, while holding federal circuit court, allowed clearance from the port of Charleston to a ship detained under Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807, a measure intended to preserve U.S. neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars. In Supreme Court cases Johnson…

Buffalo Bills: Early history: …Kemp and punishing running back Cookie Gilchrist during the 1962 season helped turn around the franchise’s fortunes. That year Gilchrist was named the AFL’s Player of the Year, and in 1963 he set a league record by rushing for 243 yards in a game. Also in 1963, in his first…

Percy Gilchrist was a British metallurgist who, with his better-known cousin Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, devised in 1876–77 a process (thereafter widely used in Europe) of manufacturing in Bessemer converters a kind of low-phosphorus steel known as Thomas steel. In the Thomas-Gilchrist process the

Percy Gilchrist was a British metallurgist who, with his better-known cousin Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, devised in 1876–77 a process (thereafter widely used in Europe) of manufacturing in Bessemer converters a kind of low-phosphorus steel known as Thomas steel. In the Thomas-Gilchrist process the

guild, an association of craftsmen or merchants formed for mutual aid and protection and for the furtherance of their professional interests. Guilds flourished in Europe between the 11th and 16th centuries and formed an important part of the economic and social fabric in that era. The medieval

Rudolph Maté: …My Favorite Wife (1940), and Gilda (1946).

Gildas was a British historian of the 6th century. A monk, he founded a monastery in Brittany known after him as St. Gildas de Rhuys. His De excidio et conquestu Britanniae (“The Overthrow and Conquest of Britain”), one of the few sources for the country’s post-Roman history, contains the story of

Gilded Age, period of gross materialism and blatant political corruption in U.S. history during the 1870s that gave rise to important novels of social and political criticism. The period takes its name from the earliest of these, The Gilded Age (1873), written by Mark Twain in collaboration with

Julian Fellowes: Two years later The Gilded Age debuted on HBO. The TV show, which was set in the late 19th century and centred on New York high society, was cocreated and cowritten by Fellowes.

Mark Twain: Marriage to Olivia Langdon and family life: The Gilded Age (1873) was remarkably well received, and a play based on the most amusing character from the novel, Colonel Sellers, also became quite popular.

Wesley Ruggles: Later films: and Fred MacMurray: The Gilded Lily and The Bride Comes Home. Next was Valiant Is the Word for Carrie (1936), an unusual assignment, considering that Ruggles’s strength lay in comedy. However, he did a creditable job with that unabashed tearjerker, which featured Gladys George in an Oscar-nominated performance…

the Flying Burrito Brothers: The Burritos’ first album, The Gilded Palace of Sin (1969), also displayed Parsons’s guiding hand: He contributed most of the songs and shaped its combination of classic country and western—punctuated by Kleinow’s pedal-steel guitar—and hard-driving southern California rock. Even after Parsons left the Burritos in 1970 (replaced by Rick…