• Gibson, Wilfred Wilson (British poet)

    Wilfred Wilson Gibson was a British poet who drew his inspiration from the workaday life of ordinary provincial English families. Gibson was educated privately, served briefly in World War I, and thereafter devoted his life to poetry. A period in London in 1912 brought him into contact with

  • Gibson, William (American-Canadian author)

    William Gibson is an American Canadian writer of science fiction who was the leader of the genre’s cyberpunk movement. Gibson grew up in southwestern Virginia. After dropping out of high school in 1967, he traveled to Canada and eventually settled there, earning a B.A. (1977) from the University of

  • Gibson, William Ford (American-Canadian author)

    William Gibson is an American Canadian writer of science fiction who was the leader of the genre’s cyberpunk movement. Gibson grew up in southwestern Virginia. After dropping out of high school in 1967, he traveled to Canada and eventually settled there, earning a B.A. (1977) from the University of

  • Gibson, William Hamilton (American illustrator and author)

    William Hamilton Gibson was an American illustrator, author, and naturalist whose well-received images reached a large audience through the popular magazines of his day. As a child, Gibson sketched flowers and insects, developed an interest in botany and entomology, and acquired great skill in

  • Gichtel, Johann Georg (German mystic)

    Johann Georg Gichtel was a Protestant visionary and theosophist, who promoted the quasi-pantheistic teaching of the early 17th-century Lutheran mystic Jakob Böhme and compiled the first complete edition of Böhme’s works (1682–83, 10 vol.). Alienated from orthodox Lutheran doctrine and worship by

  • GID (psychology)

    gender dysphoria (GD), formal diagnosis given by mental health professionals to people who experience distress because of a significant incongruence between the gender with which they personally identify and the gender with which they were born. The GD diagnosis appears in the Diagnostic and

  • gidayū (Japanese music)

    Japanese music: Samisen music: …of the narrative styles is gidayū, named after Takemoto Gidayū (1651–1714), who worked with Chikamatsu Monzaemon in the founding of the most popular puppet-theatre tradition (known as Bunraku) of Ōsaka. The gidayū samisen and its plectrum are the largest of the samisen family. The singer-narrator is required to speak all…

  • gidda (dance)

    giddha, traditional pastoral dance performed by women of the Punjab, India, and Pakistan at festival times and at the sowing and reaping of the harvest. Patterned on a circle, it is notable for the bodily grace of the women’s movements (especially of the arms and hands) and for the charming melody

  • Giddens, Anthony (British sociologist)

    Anthony Giddens is a British political adviser and educator. Trained as a sociologist and social theorist, he lectured at universities in Europe, North America, and Australia before cofounding an academic publishing house, Polity Press, in 1985. In 1997 he became director of the London School of

  • Giddens, Anthony, Baron Giddens (British sociologist)

    Anthony Giddens is a British political adviser and educator. Trained as a sociologist and social theorist, he lectured at universities in Europe, North America, and Australia before cofounding an academic publishing house, Polity Press, in 1985. In 1997 he became director of the London School of

  • Giddens, Rhiannon (American musician)

    Beyoncé: Cowboy Carter: …Cyrus and Linda Martell, musician Rhiannon Giddens, and singer-songwriters Dolly Parton and Willie Nelson. Notably, Parton’s classic song “Jolene” is reimagined with new lyrics by Beyoncé, and country singer Tanner Adell is among several vocalists who join in on a cover of the Beatles’ “Blackbird.” In 2025

  • giddha (dance)

    giddha, traditional pastoral dance performed by women of the Punjab, India, and Pakistan at festival times and at the sowing and reaping of the harvest. Patterned on a circle, it is notable for the bodily grace of the women’s movements (especially of the arms and hands) and for the charming melody

  • Giddings, Franklin H. (American sociologist)

    Franklin H. Giddings was one of the scholars responsible for transforming American sociology from a branch of philosophy into a research science utilizing statistical and analytic methodology. Giddings was noted for his doctrine of the “consciousness of kind,” which he derived from Adam Smith’s

  • Giddings, Franklin Henry (American sociologist)

    Franklin H. Giddings was one of the scholars responsible for transforming American sociology from a branch of philosophy into a research science utilizing statistical and analytic methodology. Giddings was noted for his doctrine of the “consciousness of kind,” which he derived from Adam Smith’s

  • Giddings, J. Calvin (chemist)

    chromatography: Subsequent developments: In 1964 the American chemist J. Calvin Giddings, referring to a theory largely worked out for gas chromatography, summarized the necessary conditions that would give liquid chromatography the resolving power achievable in gas chromatography—that is, very small particles with a thin film of stationary phase in small-diameter columns. The development…

  • Giddy, Davies (British scientist)

    Sir Humphry Davy: Early life: ” He was befriended by Davies Giddy (later Gilbert; president of the Royal Society, 1827–30), who offered him the use of his library in Tradea and took him to a chemistry laboratory that was well equipped for that day. There he formed strongly independent views on topics of the moment,…

  • Giddyup--Go Answer (song by Pearl)

    Minnie Pearl: …her records, the single “Giddyup—Go Answer” (1966), became a top 10 country hit.

  • Gide, André (French writer)

    André Gide was a French writer, humanist, and moralist who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1947. Gide was the only child of Paul Gide and Juliette Rondeaux. His father was of southern Huguenot peasant stock; his mother, a Norman heiress, although Protestant by upbringing, belonged to a

  • Gide, André-Paul-Guillaume (French writer)

    André Gide was a French writer, humanist, and moralist who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1947. Gide was the only child of Paul Gide and Juliette Rondeaux. His father was of southern Huguenot peasant stock; his mother, a Norman heiress, although Protestant by upbringing, belonged to a

  • Gideon (biblical figure)

    Gideon, a judge and hero-liberator of Israel whose deeds are described in the Book of Judges. The author apparently juxtaposed two traditional accounts from his sources in order to emphasize Israel’s monotheism and its duty to destroy idolatry. Accordingly, in one account Gideon led his clansmen of

  • Gideon (play by Chayefsky)

    Paddy Chayefsky: …The Tenth Man (1959) and Gideon (1961), were on religious themes and attacked contemporary cynicism, while The Passion of Josef D. (1964) was a treatment of Joseph Stalin and the Russian Revolution. The Latent Heterosexual (published 1967; performed 1968) tells of a successful homosexual author who marries for tax purposes…

  • Gideon v. Wainwright (law case)

    Gideon v. Wainwright, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 18, 1963, ruled (9–0) that states are required to provide legal counsel to indigent defendants charged with a felony. The case centred on Clarence Earl Gideon, who had been charged with a felony for allegedly burglarizing a pool

  • Gideon’s Sacrifice (painting by Eeckhout)

    Gerbrand van den Eeckhout: …earliest signed works, such as Gideon’s Sacrifice (1647), show the clear influence of Rembrandt in their subjects as well as in their brushwork and use of chiaroscuro. In their concern with light and atmosphere in landscape, they also owe something to Rembrandt’s teacher Pieter Lastman, with whom van den Eeckhout…

  • Gideons International (religious organization)

    Gideons International, organization of Protestant business and professional lay men that places copies of the Bible or New Testament in hotel rooms, hospitals, penal institutions, schools, and other locations. Organized by three travelling salesmen in Janesville, Wis., on July 1, 1899, the

  • Gidget (American television series)

    Sally Field: …played lighthearted television roles in Gidget (1965–66) and The Flying Nun (1967–70) before developing her talent at the Actors Studio (1973–75), from which she emerged as a dramatic actress. After she starred in the television movie Sybil (1977, Emmy Award), Hollywood finally rewarded her with strong roles. In Norma Rae…

  • Gidley, Philip (governor of New South Wales, Australia)

    Melbourne: Early settlement: …Wales, and the colony’s governor, Philip Gidley King, instructed the surveyor-general, Charles Grimes, to examine the shores of the bay with a view to identifying sites for future settlement. In 1803 Grimes and his party discovered the Yarra River and traveled along its lower course. Unlike some members of the…

  • Gidzenko, Yury (Russian cosmonaut)

    International Space Station: Russian cosmonauts Sergey Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko and American astronaut William Shepherd, who flew up in a Soyuz spacecraft. The ISS has been continuously occupied since then.

  • Giedion, Sigfried (Swiss architectural historian)

    Marcel Breuer: For the Swiss architectural historian Sigfried Giedion, he designed the Dolderthal Apartments, Zürich (built 1934–36). During his two years of architectural practice in London, in partnership with F.R.S. Yorke, he designed for the Isokon firm some laminated plywood furniture that became widely imitated. In 1937 he went to Harvard University…

  • Gielgud, John (British actor and director)

    John Gielgud was an English actor, producer, and director, who is considered one of the greatest performers of his generation on stage and screen, particularly as a Shakespearean actor. He was knighted in 1953 for services to the theatre. (Click here to hear Gielgud reading from A Midsummer Night’s

  • Gielgud, Sir Arthur John (British actor and director)

    John Gielgud was an English actor, producer, and director, who is considered one of the greatest performers of his generation on stage and screen, particularly as a Shakespearean actor. He was knighted in 1953 for services to the theatre. (Click here to hear Gielgud reading from A Midsummer Night’s

  • Giemsa banding (cytogenetics)

    cytogenetics: …various staining techniques, such as Giemsa banding (G-banding), quinacrine banding (Q-banding), reverse banding (R-banding), constitutive heterochromatin (or centromere) banding (C-banding), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). G-banding is one of the most-used chromosomal staining methods. In this approach, chromosomes are first treated

  • Giemsa smear (medicine)

    herpes simplex: HSV-2: The Pap smear and Giemsa smear are two techniques commonly used to diagnose genital herpes. There is a blood test to measure the level of antibodies to the virus, but its results are not always conclusive.

  • Gier (novel by Jelinek)

    Elfriede Jelinek: …Lust, 1992), and Gier (2000; Greed, 2006). Her most notable plays included Was geschah, nachdem Nora ihren Mann verlassen hatte; oder, Stützen der Gesellschaften (1980; What Happened After Nora Left Her Husband; or, Pillars of Society, 1994), which she wrote as a sequel to Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House; Clara…

  • Gierek, Edward (Polish leader)

    Edward Gierek was a Communist Party organizer and leader in Poland, who served as first secretary from 1970 to 1980. After his father, a coal miner, was killed in a mine disaster in Silesia, Gierek emigrated with his mother to France, where in 1931 he joined the French Communist Party. In 1937 he

  • Gierke, Otto Friedrich von (German legal philosopher)

    Otto Friedrich von Gierke was a legal philosopher who was a leader of the Germanist school of historical jurisprudence in opposition to the Romanist theoreticians of German law (e.g., Friedrich Karl von Savigny). An incomplete knowledge of his work led some advocates of a pluralistic, decentralized

  • Giers, Nikolay Karlovich (Russian statesman)

    Nikolay Karlovich Giers was a statesman and foreign minister of Russia during the reign of Alexander III (ruled 1881–94). He guided Russia into a rapprochement with France and thereby formed the basis of the Russo-Franco-British alliance that fought against the Central Powers in World War I. Having

  • Gies, Miep (Austrian-born heroine)

    Anne Frank: …few non-Jewish friends, among them Miep Gies, who smuggled in food and other supplies, the Frank family and four other Jews—Hermann and Auguste van Pels and their son, Peter, and Fritz Pfeffer—lived confined to the “secret annex.” During this time, Anne wrote faithfully in her diary, recounting day-to-day life in…

  • Giesebrecht, Friedrich Wilhelm Benjamin von (German historian)

    Wilhelm von Giesebrecht was a German historian, author of the first general history of medieval Germany based on modern critical methods, and a student of Leopold von Ranke. In 1857 Giesebrecht became professor at Königsberg and in 1862 succeeded Heinrich von Sybel at Munich. In Geschichte der

  • Giesebrecht, Wilhelm von (German historian)

    Wilhelm von Giesebrecht was a German historian, author of the first general history of medieval Germany based on modern critical methods, and a student of Leopold von Ranke. In 1857 Giesebrecht became professor at Königsberg and in 1862 succeeded Heinrich von Sybel at Munich. In Geschichte der

  • Gieseking, Walter (German pianist)

    Walter Gieseking was a German pianist acclaimed for his interpretations of works by Classical, Romantic, and early 20th-century composers. The son of German parents living in France, Gieseking began study at the Hannover Municipal Conservatory in 1911 and made his debut in 1913. During World War I

  • Giesel, Friedrich O. (Gernan chemist)

    radon: …in 1904 by German chemist Friedrich O. Giesel and French physicist André-Louis Debierne. Radioactive isotopes having masses ranging from 204 through 224 have been identified, the longest-lived of these being radon-222, which has a half-life of 3.82 days. All the isotopes decay into stable end-products of helium and isotopes of…

  • Gieseler, Johann Karl Ludwig (German historian)

    doctrine and dogma: Distinctions between doctrine and dogma: According to J.K.L. Gieseler, a 19th-century German church historian, in Dogmengeschichte,

  • Giessen (Germany)

    Giessen, city, Hessen Land (state), west-central Germany. It lies on the Lahn River between the Westerwald and Vogelsberg (mountains), north of Frankfurt am Main. First mentioned in 1197, it was chartered in 1248 and sold to the landgraves of Hesse in 1267. It was part of independent Hesse-Marburg

  • GIF (digital file format)

    GIF, digital file format devised in 1987 by the Internet service provider CompuServe as a means of reducing the size of images and short animations. Because GIF is a lossless data compression format, meaning that no information is lost in the compression, it quickly became a popular format for

  • Giffard, Henri (French engineer)

    airship: …successful airship was constructed by Henri Giffard of France in 1852. Giffard built a 160-kilogram (350-pound) steam engine capable of developing 3 horsepower, sufficient to turn a large propeller at 110 revolutions per minute. To carry the engine weight, he filled a bag 44 metres (144 feet) long with hydrogen…

  • Gifford, Edward W. (American anthropologist)

    Edward W. Gifford was an American anthropologist, archaeologist, and student of California Indian ethnography who developed the University of California Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley, into a major U.S. collection. A competent naturalist, Gifford accompanied expeditions of the California Academy

  • Gifford, Edward Winslow (American anthropologist)

    Edward W. Gifford was an American anthropologist, archaeologist, and student of California Indian ethnography who developed the University of California Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley, into a major U.S. collection. A competent naturalist, Gifford accompanied expeditions of the California Academy

  • Gifford, Francis Newton (American football player and broadcaster)

    Chuck Bednarik: …Bednarik tackled star running back Frank Gifford so ferociously that Gifford was unable to return to the sport until 1962. A familiar photograph taken soon after the tackle shows Bednarik celebrating over a prone Gifford, a gesture that was perceived by some as cruel taunting but that was in fact…

  • Gifford, Frank (American football player and broadcaster)

    Chuck Bednarik: …Bednarik tackled star running back Frank Gifford so ferociously that Gifford was unable to return to the sport until 1962. A familiar photograph taken soon after the tackle shows Bednarik celebrating over a prone Gifford, a gesture that was perceived by some as cruel taunting but that was in fact…

  • Gifford, Kathie Lee (American entertainer)

    Regis Philbin: …and, with the addition of Kathie Lee Gifford in 1985, Morning became a huge success. Much of its popularity centred on the on-air chemistry between Philbin and Gifford. The duo’s unscripted banter during the opening chat sequence was a highlight of the show, and Philbin became noted for his comical…

  • Gifford, William (British editor and scholar)

    William Gifford was an English satirical poet, classical scholar, and early editor of 17th-century English playwrights, best known as the first editor (1809–24) of the Tory Quarterly Review, founded to combat the liberalism of the Whig Edinburgh Review. Gifford owed his editorship to his connection

  • Giffords, Gabby (American politician)

    Gabby Giffords is an American Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2012. In January 2011, she was the victim of an assassination attempt. Giffords grew up in Tucson and attended Scripps College in Claremont, California, where in 1993 she received a B.A.

  • Giffords, Gabrielle Dee (American politician)

    Gabby Giffords is an American Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2012. In January 2011, she was the victim of an assassination attempt. Giffords grew up in Tucson and attended Scripps College in Claremont, California, where in 1993 she received a B.A.

  • gift (law)

    gift, in law, a present or thing bestowed gratuitously. The term is generally restricted to mean gratuitous transfers inter vivos (among the living) of real or personal property. A valid gift requires: (1) a competent donor; (2) an eligible donee; (3) an existing identifiable thing or interest; (4)

  • gift (social custom)

    Christmas: Exchange of gifts: …century the practice of giving gifts to family members became well established. Theologically, the feast day reminded Christians of God’s gift of Jesus to humankind even as the coming of the Wise Men, or Magi, to Bethlehem suggested that Christmas was somehow related to giving gifts. (In many places children…

  • GIFT (medicine)

    infertility: Treatment options: Another procedure, called gamete intrafallopian transfer, or GIFT, is a variation of IVF. After the ovaries have been stimulated and mature oocytes collected, the latter are mixed with sperm and, under laparoscopic guidance, placed in the unobstructed fallopian tube. Fertilization then occurs naturally—inside the body (in vivo)—rather than…

  • gift economy (sociology)

    generalized exchange: …one another is also called network-generalized or chain-generalized exchange. In addition, this form of generalized exchange is sometimes referred to as a gift economy. However, generalized exchange systems do not have explicit reciprocity between participants (as some gift economies do). The indirect nature of generalized exchange distinguishes it from similar…

  • gift exchange (social custom)

    gift exchange, the transfer of goods or services that, although regarded as voluntary by the people involved, is part of the expected social behaviour. Gift exchange may be distinguished from other types of exchange in several respects: the first offering is made in a generous manner and there is

  • Gift of Peace, The (work by Bernardin)

    Cardinal Joseph Bernardin: Legacy: ” Titled The Gift of Peace, it was posthumously published in 1997.

  • Gift of Perseverance, The (work by Augustine)

    St. Augustine: Controversial writings: …and De dono perseverantiae (429; The Gift of Perseverance).

  • Gift of the Magi, The (story by O. Henry)

    The Gift of the Magi, short story by O. Henry, published in the New York Sunday World in 1905 and then collected in The Four Million (1906). The story concerns James and Della Dillingham Young, a young couple who, despite their poverty, individually resolve to give each other an elegant gift on

  • gift tax

    gift tax, a levy imposed on gratuitous transfers of property—i.e., those made without compensation. Provisions for such taxes are common in national tax systems. In the tax systems of many nations, gift taxes are integrated to some degree with an estate (inheritance) tax. The relationship stems not

  • Gift, The (novel by Nabokov)

    The Gift, novel by Vladimir Nabokov, originally published serially (in expurgated form in Russian) as Dar in 1937–38. It was published in its complete form as a book in 1952. The Gift is set in post-World War I Berlin, where Nabokov himself had been an émigré. Steeped in satiric detail about the

  • Gift, The (work by Man Ray)

    Man Ray: Among his best-known ready-mades is Gift (1921), a flatiron with a row of tacks glued to the bottom.

  • Gift, The (film by Raimi [2000])

    Cate Blanchett: Films: Elizabeth and the Lord of the Rings series: As the lead character in The Gift (2000), she played a psychic whose visions involve her in the investigation of a local woman’s murder. In 2001 she portrayed a kidnapped housewife who falls in love with her captors in Bandits. She next appeared as the elf queen Galadriel in The…

  • Gift, The (story by Steinbeck)

    The Red Pony: In “The Gift,” the best-known story, young Jody Tiflin is given a red pony by his rancher father. Under ranch hand Billy Buck’s guidance, Jody learns to care for and train his pony, which he names Gabilan. Caught in an unexpected rain, Gabilan catches a cold…

  • Gift, The (work by Mauss)

    anthropology: Anthropology in Europe: …Essai sur le don (1925; The Gift), an analysis of “the gift,” including an examination of the concepts of reciprocity and exchange. The long-term work on West African worldviews (Dieu d’eau: entretiens avec Ogotemmêli [1948]) by the group around Marcel Griaule has perhaps been more admired than really influential. For…

  • giftbook

    giftbook, an illustrated literary miscellany, or collection of verse, tales, and sketches. The giftbook was popular in England and the United States during the second quarter of the 19th century and was published annually in ornamental

  • Gifted (film by Webb [2017])

    Chris Evans: Snowpiercer, Knives Out, and Deadpool & Wolverine: …of a math prodigy in Gifted (2017). Evans made his directorial debut with the romance Before We Go (2014), in which he also starred.

  • gifted child (psychology)

    gifted child, any child who is naturally endowed with a high degree of general mental ability or extraordinary ability in a specific sphere of activity or knowledge. The designation of giftedness is largely a matter of administrative convenience. In most countries the prevailing definition is an

  • Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story (film [2009])

    Ben Carson: Other activities: …of the 2009 made-for-television movie Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story. The movie took its title from Carson’s autobiography, Gifted Hands (1990; with Cecil Murphey).

  • Gifts (novel by Farah)

    Nuruddin Farah: …the novels Maps (1986) and Gifts (1992)—was published in 1998. Links (2003), Knots (2006), and Crossbones (2011) constitute another trilogy. Farah’s other novels included North of Dawn (2018). For his thoughts about his country at the turn of the new millennium, see Sidebar: Somalia at the

  • Gifu (prefecture, Japan)

    Gifu, city and prefecture (ken), central Honshu, Japan. It is landlocked and dominated by mountains except in the south, where the inner part of Nōbi Plain is drained by the Nagara, Hida, and Kiso rivers. The plain supports most of the area’s agriculture and contains the prefectural capital, Gifu,

  • Gifu (Japan)

    Gifu: Gifu city is noted for paper lantern manufacture and for sweetfish (ayu) fishing with cormorants in the summer. Takayama holds festivals (April and September) during which wheeled floats are paraded to the largest shrines in the town. Gifu University (1949) is located in Kamigahara city.…

  • gig (carriage)

    gig, any of several members of a class of light, open, two-wheeled, one-horse carriages, popular in France, England, and America. The gig, which first appeared in Paris in the 17th century, is the ancestor of the cabriolet. Popular variations were the Tilbury gig and the Stanhope gig, both designed

  • Gig econ 101: Using side-hustle income to boost your finances

    We could all use a little extra cash in our pockets every now and then. And if you’re living paycheck-to-paycheck, you’re not only giving yourself little to no margin for error (or emergency), but you may also be shortchanging your retirement and other financial goals. One way to give a boost to

  • gig economy

    Gig Economy: A gig is a part-time job, sometimes termed “non-standard work,” performed by freelancers for a limited amount of time. The word has historically been used by musicians and singers who have “gigs” with a specific band or venue for a certain period of time and then…

  • Gig Economy (ProCon debate)

    A gig is a part-time job, sometimes termed “non-standard work,” performed by freelancers for a limited amount of time. The word has historically been used by musicians and singers who have “gigs” with a specific band or venue for a certain period of time and then move on to another band or venue.

  • Gig: The Life and Times of a Rock-Star Fantasist (memoir by Armitage)

    Simon Armitage: Other works: …include All Points North (1998), Gig: The Life and Times of a Rock-Star Fantasist (2009), and Walking Home (2012), which recounts his experience walking the Pennine Way in England. He also has penned plays, an opera libretto, and the script for a puppet opera. Other projects include a sequence of…

  • giga (dance)

    gigue: …68 time, while the Italian giga was faster and set in 128 time. As a musical form the gigue was often used in the stylized dance suite as the last movement. Invariably written in fugal style, the gigues of suites retain the characteristic triple groups of eighth notes. Examples occur…

  • gigabyte (computer science)

    byte: …hardware are usually given in gigabytes (GB; one billion bytes) and terabytes (TB; one trillion bytes). Because the byte had its roots in binary digits, originally one kilobyte was not 1,000 bytes but 1,024 bytes (1,024 = 210), and thus one megabyte (MB) was 1,024 × 1,024 bytes and so…

  • gigaelectron volt (unit of measurement)

    particle accelerator: Accelerating particles: …volts (MeV, or million eV), gigaelectron volts (GeV, or billion eV), or teraelectron volts (TeV, or trillion eV).

  • gigaku (dance drama)

    East Asian arts: Common traditions: Called kiak in Korea and gigaku in Japan, the Aryan features of some of its masks clearly indicate Indian (or Central Asian) influence. Such complicated genealogies are common in East Asian performing arts.

  • gigaku mask (Japanese mask)

    gigaku mask, stylized wooden mask worn by participants in gigaku, a type of Japanese dance drama. Gigaku masks are the first known masks used in Japan and among the world’s oldest extant masks. Soon after a Korean musician named Mimashi imported gigaku plays into Japan from China, in 612, Japanese

  • Giganotosaurus (dinosaur)

    Giganotosaurus, (Giganotosaurus carolinii), genus of a large theropod dinosaur in the family Carcharodontosauridae that lived during the Cenomanian Stage of the Late Cretaceous Period from about 100 million to 97 million years ago. Genus Giganotosaurus is made up of only one species, G. carolinii.

  • Gigante, El (tree, Oaxaca, Mexico)

    tree: Trees of special interest: …Mexican swamp cypress is “El Gigante,” located at Tule, Oaxaca. The trunk of this massive tree is buttressed and not circular; if the bays and promontories of the buttresses are followed, the basal circumference is nearly 46 meters (151 feet).

  • Giganten (work by Döblin)

    Alfred Döblin: …is a historical novel, and Berge, Meere und Giganten (1924; “Mountains, Seas, and Giants”; republished as Giganten in 1932) is a merciless anti-utopian satire.

  • Giganti, Sala dei (room, Mantua, Italy)

    Palazzo del Te: …Gonzaga horses; and the fantastic Sala dei Giganti, a continuous scene, painted from floor to ceiling, of the giants attempting to storm Olympus and being repulsed by the gods. The palace is open to the public.

  • gigantism

    gigantism, excessive growth in stature, well beyond the average for the individual’s heredity and environmental conditions. Tall stature may result from hereditary, dietary, or other factors. Gigantism is caused by disease or disorder in those parts of the endocrine system that regulate growth and

  • Gigantocypris (crustacean genus)

    photoreception: Concave mirror eyes: …exception is the large ostracod Gigantocypris, a creature with two parabolic reflectors several millimetres across. It lives in the deep ocean and probably uses its eyes to detect bioluminescent organisms on which it preys. The images are poor, but the light-gathering power is enormous. A problem with all concave mirror…

  • Gigantomachy (mythological battle)

    giant: The Gigantomachy was a desperate struggle between the Giants and the Olympians. The gods finally prevailed through the aid of Heracles the archer, and the Giants were slain. Many of them were believed to lie buried under mountains and to indicate their presence by volcanic fires…

  • Gigantopithecus (extinct ape genus)

    Gigantopithecus, (Gigantopithecus blacki), genus of large extinct apes represented by a single species, Gigantopithecus blacki, which lived during the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) in southern China. Gigantopithecus is considered to be a sister genus of Pongo (the genus that

  • Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis (extinct ape)

    Gigantopithecus: …its own genus and renamed Indopithecus giganteus. Studies suggest that I. giganteus inhabited grassland landscapes in northern India and Pakistan between about 6 million and 5 million years ago near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. I. giganteus was significantly smaller than G. blacki. Height and weight estimates derived from tooth

  • Gigantopithecus blacki (extinct ape)

    Gigantopithecus: … represented by a single species, Gigantopithecus blacki, which lived during the Pleistocene Epoch (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) in southern China. Gigantopithecus is considered to be a sister genus of Pongo (the genus that contains living orangutans) in the subfamily Ponginae of the family Hominidae. A 2019 study that…

  • Gigantopithecus giganteus (extinct ape)

    Gigantopithecus: …its own genus and renamed Indopithecus giganteus. Studies suggest that I. giganteus inhabited grassland landscapes in northern India and Pakistan between about 6 million and 5 million years ago near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. I. giganteus was significantly smaller than G. blacki. Height and weight estimates derived from tooth

  • Gigantorana goliath (amphibian)

    goliath frog, (Conraua goliath), West African frog inhabiting dense lowland rainforests and a few fast-moving rivers and waterfalls in Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. Classified in the family Conrauidae, it is best known as the world’s largest frog species. Males and females grow as long as 32 cm

  • Gigantoscorpio willsi (fossil scorpion)

    scorpion: Size range and diversity of structure: Fossils of two species (Gigantoscorpio willsi and Brontoscorpio anglicus) measure from 35 cm (14 inches) to a metre (3.3 feet) or more, and an undescribed species is estimated to have been 90 cm (35.5 inches). Most species from deserts and other arid regions are yellowish or light brown in…

  • Gigantostraca (fossil arthropod)

    giant water scorpion, any member of the extinct subclass Eurypterida of the arthropod group Merostomata, a lineage of large, scorpion-like, aquatic invertebrates that flourished during the Silurian Period (444 to 416 million years ago). Well over 200 species have been identified and divided into 18

  • Gigasporales (order of fungi)

    fungus: Annotated classification: Order Gigasporales Arbuscular mycorrhizal; uses extra-radical auxiliary cells instead of vesicles in plant roots. Order Glomerales Arbuscular mycorrhizal; forms single spores, loose clusters of spores, or compact sporocarps (fruiting bodies); example genus is Glomus. Class

  • Gigaton (album by Pearl Jam)

    Pearl Jam: Later releases: On Gigaton (2020) the band inveighed against the dangers of climate change.