Chukotka, autonomous okrug (district), Russia, in the extreme northeastern portion of Siberia. Apart from the basin of the Anadyr River, most of the okrug is mountainous or hilly. Almost everywhere a severe Arctic climate permits only tundra vegetation, with some stunted forest in the south. The

Chukchi Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean, bounded by Wrangel Island (west), northeastern Siberia and northwestern Alaska (south), the Beaufort Sea (east), and the Arctic continental slope (north). It has an area of 225,000 square miles (582,000 square km) and an average depth of 253 feet (77 m). The

Chukchi Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean, bounded by Wrangel Island (west), northeastern Siberia and northwestern Alaska (south), the Beaufort Sea (east), and the Arctic continental slope (north). It has an area of 225,000 square miles (582,000 square km) and an average depth of 253 feet (77 m). The

Chukotka, autonomous okrug (district), Russia, in the extreme northeastern portion of Siberia. Apart from the basin of the Anadyr River, most of the okrug is mountainous or hilly. Almost everywhere a severe Arctic climate permits only tundra vegetation, with some stunted forest in the south. The

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky was a Russian critic and writer of children’s literature, often considered the first modern Russian writer for children. Chukovsky grew up in impoverished circumstances. In 1901 he began working for the newspaper Odesskiye Novosti (“Odessa News”); he spent two years in

Chūkyō Industrial Zone, industrial region centring on Nagoya, Japan, and comprising portions of the ken (prefectures) of Aichi, Gifu, and Mie; Chūkyō is neither an administrative nor a political entity. Bordered by Ise Bay on the south, the region is drained by the Ibi River, Kiso River, and Nagara

Chūkyō Industrial Zone, industrial region centring on Nagoya, Japan, and comprising portions of the ken (prefectures) of Aichi, Gifu, and Mie; Chūkyō is neither an administrative nor a political entity. Bordered by Ise Bay on the south, the region is drained by the Ibi River, Kiso River, and Nagara

Chula Vista, city, San Diego county, southern California, U.S. Chula Vista lies on the eastern shore of San Diego Bay, south of San Diego and just north of Tijuana, Mexico. Once the territory of the Kumeyaay Indians, the area now known as Chula Vista was claimed by the Spanish, the Mexicans, and

Chulalongkorn was the king of Siam who avoided colonial domination and embarked upon far-reaching reforms. Chulalongkorn was the ninth son of King Mongkut, but since he was the first to be born to a royal queen, he was recognized as heir to the throne. He was only 15 years old when his father died

Thailand: Education: …in Bangkok in 1917 (Chulalongkorn University) to dozens of state and private institutions spread across the country. There are also numerous teachers’ colleges, as well as open universities, military and police academies, and universities for monks that offer bachelor’s degrees. Some postsecondary students who do not attend university obtain…

São Paulo FC: …played for São Paulo, including Serginho Chulapa (also known as Sérgio Bernardino)—the club’s leading goal scorer with more than 240 goals—and Rogerio Ceni, the long-serving goalkeeper who played in more than 800 matches with the club.

Barwani: Nearby lies Chulgiri Hill, a pilgrimage site of special sanctity to the Jains; on the face of the hill is carved a gigantic figure of the Jain saint Bahubali (Gommateshvara). Pop. (2001) 43,232; (2011) 55,504.

origins of agriculture: Korea: …8000 and 4000 bp the Chulmun culture flourished in the Korean peninsula. Chulmun people lived in pit-house villages and made pottery that was undecorated or decorated with linear designs. Their economy seems to have been based largely on hunting, gathering, and fishing. Foxtail millet and broomcorn millet directly dated to…

China: Foreign affairs under Yangdi: …the western Turks, whose ruler, Chuluo, was part Chinese, were on good terms with the Sui. In 610, however, Yangdi supported a rival, Shegui, who drove out Chuluo. The latter took service, with an army of 10,000 followers, at Yangdi’s court. When Sui power began to wane after 612, the…

Chulym River, river in Krasnoyarsk kray (region) and Tomsk oblast (province), Russia, and the longest right-bank tributary of the Ob River; it is 1,118 miles (1,799 km) long and has a basin of 53,400 square miles (134,000 square km). The Chulym, formed by the convergence of the Bely and Chyorny

chum salmon, (Oncorhynchus keta), lightly speckled North Pacific fish, family Salmonidae, weighing up to 15 kg (33 pounds). During the spawning season in autumn, it may swim more than 3,200 km (2,000 miles) up the Yukon River. (See also

Chumash, any of several related North American Indian groups speaking a Hokan language. They originally lived in what are now the California coastlands and adjacent inland areas from Malibu northward to Estero Bay, and on the three northern Channel Islands off Santa Barbara. The Chumash were among

Chumbi Valley, valley in the eastern Great Himalaya Range of the southern Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It is situated on a small south-pointing protuberance of territory between Bhutan (east) and Sikkim state, India (west). Formed by the passage of the Amo (Torsa) River, which rises below Tang

Nicephorus Chumnus was a Byzantine Greek scholar and statesman who left a number of writings, some still unpublished, including letters and orations on occasional philosophical and religious topics. Chumnus went at an early age to Constantinople, where he was educated by George (Gregory) of Cyprus.

Chumbi Valley, valley in the eastern Great Himalaya Range of the southern Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It is situated on a small south-pointing protuberance of territory between Bhutan (east) and Sikkim state, India (west). Formed by the passage of the Amo (Torsa) River, which rises below Tang

Ch’ŏndogyo: …in a 21-word formula (chumun) that is recited as the way to enlightenment. It is translated: “May the creative power of the universe be within me in abundance. May heaven be with me and every creation will be done. Never forgetting this truth, everything will be known.” This formula…

Ob River: Physiography: …receives a right-bank tributary, the Chumysh River, from the Salair Ridge. The valley there is 3 to 6 miles (5 to 10 km) wide, with steeper ground on the left than on the right; the floodplain is extensive and characterized by diversionary branches of the river and by lakes; the…

Chun Doo-Hwan Korean soldier and politician who was president of South Korea from 1980 to 1988. Born into a peasant family, Chun entered the Korean Military Academy in 1951. Following his graduation in 1955, he became an infantry officer and in 1958 married Lee Soon Ja, daughter of Brig. Gen. Lee

Yang Yang: …win with two-time world champion Chun Lee-Kyung of South Korea. In doing so she became China’s first short-track world champion.

Jun kiln, Chinese kiln known for the stoneware it created during the Northern Song period (960–1126) in Junzhou (now Yuzhou), in northern Henan. One class of glazed wares produced at the kiln consisted mostly of opalescent blue pieces (ranging from grayish blue to a plum colour), many strikingly

Jun kiln, Chinese kiln known for the stoneware it created during the Northern Song period (960–1126) in Junzhou (now Yuzhou), in northern Henan. One class of glazed wares produced at the kiln consisted mostly of opalescent blue pieces (ranging from grayish blue to a plum colour), many strikingly

warlord, independent military commander in China in the early and mid-20th century. Warlords ruled various parts of the country following the death of Yuan Shikai (1859–1916), who had served as the first president of the Republic of China from 1912 to 1916. Yuan’s power had come from his position

Junggar Basin, extensive basin in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, northwestern China. The basin is located between the Mongolian Altai Mountains, on the Sino-Mongolian border, to the north, and the Borohoro (Poluokenu) and Eren Habirga mountains, to the south; the latter run east and west

equal-field system, official institution of land distribution and tax collection in traditional China and Japan. The system originated in China in 485 ce by order of the emperor Xiaowendi of the Bei (Northern) Wei dynasty (386–534/535 ce). It provided for the assignment of agricultural lands to all

junzi, in Chinese philosophy, a person whose humane conduct (ren) makes him a moral exemplar. The term junzi was originally applied to princes or aristocratic men. Confucius invested the term with an ethical significance while maintaining its connotation of noble refinement. Unlike the petty person

Chuna River, river, east-central Russia. It rises in the Eastern Sayan Mountains, in Irkutsk oblast (region), and flows about 746 miles (1,203 km) north and west through Krasnoyarsk kray (territory) into the Taseyeva River. Its upper course is called the

Kaveri River: …metres) in the rapids of Chunchankatte, the river widens about 900 to 1,200 feet (275 to 365 metres) across the Karnataka Plateau. There its flow is interrupted by a number of anicuts or weirs. At the Krishnaraja Sagara, the Kaveri is joined by two tributaries, the Hemavati and Lakshmantirtha, and…

Chuncheon, city and provincial capital, Gangwon do (province), northern South Korea. It is in the basin formed by the confluence of the Han and Soyang rivers. During the Korean War (1950–53), Chuncheon sustained heavy damage, but after the war it was reconstructed as a modern city. The city is a

Buddha: The death of the Buddha: …pork) from a smith named Chunda, instructing the smith to serve him alone and bury the rest of the meal without offering it to the other monks. The Buddha became severely ill shortly thereafter, and at a place called Kusinara (also spelled Kushinagar; modern Kasia) lay down on his right…

Qianlong was the fourth emperor of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12) whose six-decade reign (1735–96) was one of the longest in Chinese history. He conducted a series of military campaigns that eliminated the Turk and Mongol threats to northeastern China (1755–60), enlarged his empire by

zhong, Chinese clapperless bronze bells produced mainly during the late Zhou (c. 600–255 bc) dynasty and used as a percussion instrument in ancient China. Although the term also denotes the religious bells used daily in Buddhist temples, this article treats only the ancient bells rarely used today.

Roh Moo-Hyun: …December 2007 his chosen successor, Chung Dong-Young, was soundly defeated by Grand National Party candidate Lee Myung-Bak. Roh was later investigated over allegations of bribery, and in May 2009 he committed suicide by jumping off a cliff.

Park Geun-Hye: The Park administration: Prime Minister Chung Hong-Won apologized and offered his resignation 10 days after the disaster. The following month Park’s top national security adviser and the director of the national intelligence service both stepped down. Moreover, the coast guard’s poor response during the crisis led to its being disbanded…

Chung Il Kwon was a Korean army officer and politician, the commander of South Korean troops during some of the most intense fighting against North Korean and Chinese forces during the Korean War (1950–53). Chung was a 1940 graduate of Tokyo’s Military Academy and served in Japan’s Imperial Army in

Chung Ling Soo was an American conjurer who gained fame in England by impersonating a Chinese magician, both on and off the stage. (Read Harry Houdini’s 1926 Britannica essay on magic.) He began performing in the United States using the stage name William E. (“Billy”) Robinson. While in England in

Chung Mong-Joon is a South Korean businessman, politician, and sports official who was involved in various ventures related to the Hyundai Group, which was founded by his father, Chung Ju-Yung, and became one of South Korea’s largest chaebols. Chung attended the prestigious Seoul National

Chung Seung-Hwa Korean general and army chief of staff who was present during the October 1979 assassination of South Korean Pres. Park Chung-Hee. During the Korean War (1950–53), Chung helped defend Daegu against a North Korean assault. In 1961 he was made a brigadier general, and he built a

Connie Chung is an American broadcast journalist who helped break down gender barriers in the late 20th century to become one of the first woman reporters on national television in the United States. She was also the first Asian American anchor of a major network newscast. Among the many exclusive

Connie Chung is an American broadcast journalist who helped break down gender barriers in the late 20th century to become one of the first woman reporters on national television in the United States. She was also the first Asian American anchor of a major network newscast. Among the many exclusive

zhongchao, in imperial China (mainly during the Han dynasty), the group of advisers and attendants (often extended family members and eunuchs) with direct access to the emperor. The inner court’s authority was established during the Han (206 bce–220 ce), when it was customary for the emperor to

Buyei, an official minority group inhabiting large parts of Guizhou province in south-central China. They call themselves Jui or Yoi. There are also some 50,000 Buyei living in Vietnam, where they are an official nationality. They had no written script of their own until 1956, when the Chinese

Beijing: Public and commercial buildings: …beyond another courtyard, is the Hall of Central (or Complete) Harmony (Zhonghedian), where the emperor paused to rest before going into the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Beyond the Hall of Central Harmony is the last hall, the Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohedian), after which comes the Inner Court (Neiting). The…

Chung-hsing Hsin-ts’un, (Chinese: “Chung-hsing New Village”), town, Nan-t’ou shih (municipality), Nan-t’ou hsien (county), west-central Taiwan, and, since 1958, the administrative seat of the Taiwan Provincial Government. It is situated in a fertile plain just west of the Chung-yang Mountain Range;

China, country of East Asia. It is the largest of all Asian countries. Occupying nearly the entire East Asian landmass, it covers approximately one-fourteenth of the land area of Earth, and it is almost as large as the whole of Europe. China is also one of the most populous countries in the world,

China, country of East Asia. It is the largest of all Asian countries. Occupying nearly the entire East Asian landmass, it covers approximately one-fourteenth of the land area of Earth, and it is almost as large as the whole of Europe. China is also one of the most populous countries in the world,

Taiwan, island in the western Pacific Ocean that lies roughly 100 miles (160 km) off the coast of southeastern China. It is approximately 245 miles (395 km) long (north-south) and 90 miles (145 km) across at its widest point. Taipei, in the north, is the seat of government of the Republic of China

China, country of East Asia. It is the largest of all Asian countries. Occupying nearly the entire East Asian landmass, it covers approximately one-fourteenth of the land area of Earth, and it is almost as large as the whole of Europe. China is also one of the most populous countries in the world,

Chinese Communist Party (CCP), political party of China. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the CCP has been in sole control of that country’s government. The CCP was founded as both a political party and a revolutionary movement in 1921 by revolutionaries such as Li

National Museum of China, museum in Beijing, located on the east side of Tiananmen Square. The museum was created in 2003 by the merger of the National Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the Chinese Revolution. It is the largest museum in China and one of the largest museums in the world.

Chinese architecture: The influence of foreign styles: In 1930 they founded Zhongguo Yingzao Xueshe (“The Society for the Study of Chinese Architecture”). The following year Liang Sicheng joined the group; he would be the dominant figure in the movement for the next 30 years. The fruits of these architects’ work can be seen in new universities…

Chung-li, shih (municipality), T’ao-yüan hsien (county), northwestern Taiwan, about 5 miles (8 km) southwest of T’ao-yüan city, in the northern coastal uplands. Situated on the left (western) bank of Hsin-chieh River, Chung-li flourished in the late 17th century as the collecting centre for a

Zhongli Quan, in Chinese religion, one of the Baxian, the Eight Immortals of Daoism. He is a wine-drinking recluse in quest of immortality and often depicted as a potbellied, bearded old man holding a fan with a tassel of horse hairs. Occasionally he is depicted as a military man and is credited

Confucius was China’s most famous teacher, philosopher, and political theorist, whose ideas have profoundly influenced the civilizations of China and other East Asian countries. Confucius was born near the end of an era known in Chinese history as the Spring and Autumn Period (770–481 BCE). His

Zhongshan, city in southern Guangdong sheng (province), southern China. Located in the south-central part of the Pearl (Zhu) River Delta, Zhongshan has a network of waterways connecting it with all parts of the delta and is on an express highway running north to Guangzhou (Canton) and south to

Beijing, city, province-level shi (municipality), and capital of the People’s Republic of China. Few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China. The city has been an integral part of China’s history over the past

Chung-yang Range, mountain group, eastern Taiwan. It trends north-south and consists of three main ranges (respectively, from east to west): the Chung-yang Range, Yü Mountains, and A-li Mountains. The Chung-yang Range traverses the length of the island, extending about 170 miles (270 km) in length

Chung-yang Range, mountain group, eastern Taiwan. It trends north-south and consists of three main ranges (respectively, from east to west): the Chung-yang Range, Yü Mountains, and A-li Mountains. The Chung-yang Range traverses the length of the island, extending about 170 miles (270 km) in length

Zhongyong, one of four Confucian texts that, when published together in 1190 by the Neo-Confucian philosopher Zhu Xi, became the famous Sishu (“Four Books”). Zhu chose Zhongyong for its metaphysical interest, which had already attracted the attention of Buddhists and earlier Neo-Confucianists. In

seriema: …black-legged, or Burmeister’s, seriema (Chunga burmeisteri), sometimes called gray seriema, which inhabits wooded areas, is darker and grayer, with a shorter crest and shorter legs.

Are Chunga Palms Really Dangerous?: …and chilling encounter with the chunga palms in the Darién Gap? Nothing like a surprising episode to pique your interest in botany, eh? Don’t worry, Encyclopædia Britannica has you covered.

Chuseok, Korean holiday celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month to commemorate the fall harvest and to honor one’s ancestors. Similar to Thanksgiving Day in the United States, the Harvest Moon Festival, as it is also known, is one of the most popular holidays in South Korea and North

Korea: Social structure and culture: …Three Chancelleries (Samseong) and the Royal Secretariat (Jungchuwon). These two formed the Supreme Council of State. Goryeo politics was thus centered in the aristocratic council. Officials above the fifth grade were given land for permanent possession. Even the land that was supposed to be returned was actually handed down for…

North Chungcheong, do (province), central South Korea. The only province of South Korea with no seacoast, it is bordered by the provinces of Gangwon (north), North Gyeongsang (east), North Jeolla (southwest), South Chungcheong (west), and Gyeonggi (northwest). Its capital is Cheongju. The province

South Chungcheong, do (province), west-central South Korea. Facing the Yellow Sea to the west, it is bounded on the north by Gyeonggi province, on the east by North Chungcheong province, and on the south by North Jeolla province. Daejeon—administratively designated a metropolitan city with

pansori: Styles and schools of performance: …seopyeonje (“west-side singing school”), and junggoje (“middle-high singing school”). Dongpyeonje is associated with the eastern Jeolla region (in southwestern South Korea) and particularly with the singers Song Heung-Nok, Jeong Chun-Pung, and Kim Sejong. Hallmarks of the style include a deep controlled voice that is projected directly from the abdomen, an…

Wong Kar-Wai: Chungwong chasit (1997; Happy Together) was filmed in Buenos Aires and was initially conceived as an adaptation of Manuel Puig’s detective novel The Buenos Aires Affair (1973). Happy Together chronicles the disintegrating love affair between two Hong Kong expatriates. Wong’s work on the film won him the award…

Wong Kar-Wai: …Wong shot Chunghing Samlam (1994; Chungking Express), which presents a pair of unrelated stories of unrequited love and missed romantic connections involving two policemen. Wong’s synthesis of the freedom of the French New Wave, the vigour of Hong Kong genre cinema, and the modernity of music videos brought him international…

Taiwan: Transportation and telecommunications: Chunghwa Telecom, the majority of which was government-owned until 2005, is the largest telecommunications company. It commands a sizeable share of Taiwan’s fixed-line, mobile, and broadband markets. Internet use grew rapidly in Taiwan after its introduction, and broadband became widely available.

mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas: California: …California, in ceremonies of the Chungichnich cults, contact with the highest god is achieved by smoking datura or jimsonweed, which produces visions of animals. The boys initiated into the cults regard the animals as their guardian spirits. This concept relates the cult activity with the most fundamental feature of Indigenous…

Chungju, city, North Chungcheong do (province), central South Korea. Connected with Seoul by water transport on the Han River, it was the administrative and economic center of the province until the provincial government was removed to Cheongju in 1909. Although traditionally an agricultural

Chongqing, city (shi) and provincial-level municipality (zhixiashi), southwest-central China. The leading river port, transportation hub, and commercial and industrial centre of the upper Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) basin, the city is located some 1,400 miles (2,250 km) from the sea, at the

Wong Kar-Wai: …Wong shot Chunghing Samlam (1994; Chungking Express), which presents a pair of unrelated stories of unrequited love and missed romantic connections involving two policemen. Wong’s synthesis of the freedom of the French New Wave, the vigour of Hong Kong genre cinema, and the modernity of music videos brought him international…

Korean literature: Later Koryŏ: 12th century to 1392: …and the group known as Chungnim Kohoe (“Eminent Assembly in the Bamboo Grove”), which was established by O Se-Jae, Yi Il-Lo, Yi Kyu-Bo, and others. This group was integral to the emergence and proliferation of literary criticism during this period. Yi Il-Lo, in his P’ahan chip (1260; “Jottings to Break…

Sigebert III: …first by his regents, Bishop Chunibert of Cologne and Duke Adalgisil; then, on Dagobert’s death, by Chunibert and Pippin I, the mayor of the palace (d. 640); and finally by Pippin’s son, Grimoald, mayor of the palace from 642 or 643 until the king’s death.

Central League: The league consists of the Chūnichi Dragons, Hanshin Tigers, Hiroshima Tōyō Carp, Tokyo Yakult Swallows, Yokohama BayStars, and Yomiuri (Tokyo) Giants. The regular playing season culminates in the Japan Series, a seven-game series between the respective champion teams of the Pacific and Central leagues.

Lunar New Year, festival typically celebrated in China and other Asian countries that begins with the first new moon of the lunar calendar and ends on the first full moon of the lunar calendar, 15 days later. The lunar calendar is based on the cycles of the moon, so the dates of the holiday vary

mnemonic: Later developments: Another method, chunking, involves grouping individual pieces of information in a manner that makes them easier to remember (i.e., relation, hierarchical importance, function, and so on). For example, the individual digits 1, 9, 6, and 1 may be easier to remember as the year 1961; the digits…

Channel Tunnel, rail tunnel between England and France that runs beneath the English Channel. The Channel Tunnel, 50 km (31 miles) long, consists of three tunnels: two for rail traffic and a central tunnel for services and security. The tunnel runs between Folkestone, England, and Sangatte (near

pre-Columbian civilizations: The cold as a resource: Chuño is the name popularly used for processed tubers, but a rich vocabulary for tubers exists in the Quechuan (Andean) languages: there is a separate term for each plant and for each mode of preparation. Chuño cannot be made where a diurnal temperature extreme is…

Nguyen Du: …Kim van Kieu, written in chu-nom (southern characters). He is considered by some to be the father of Vietnamese literature.

Chunqiu, the first Chinese chronological history, said to be the traditional history of the vassal state of Lu, as revised by Confucius. It is one of the Five Classics (Wujing) of Confucianism. The name, actually an abbreviation of “Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter,” derives from the old custom of

Dong Zhongshu: Dong’s Chunqiu fanlu (“Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals”) is one of the most important philosophical works of the Han period. In it, Dong interpreted the Confucian Classic “Spring and Autumn Annals” (Chunqiu), a chronicle of the events in Confucius’s native state of Lu…

Spring and Autumn period, (770–476 bce), in Chinese history, the period during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 bce)—specifically the first portion of the Dong (Eastern) Zhou—when many vassal states fought and competed for supremacy. It was named for the title of a Confucian book of chronicles, Chunqiu,

Nayanar: the poets Nanachampantar, Appar, and Chuntaramurtti (often called “the three”) are worshipped as saints through their images in South Indian temples. The Nayanars were approximately contemporary with their Vaishnavite (Vishnu-worshipping) counterparts, the Alvars. In the 10th century Nambi Andar Nambi collected the hymns of the Nayanars in an anthology called…

maglev: Maglev systems: …long-distance high-speed maglev system, the Chuo Shinkansen, which would connect Nagoya to Tokyo, a distance of 286 km (178 miles), with an extension to Osaka (438 km [272 miles] from Tokyo) planned for 2037. However, the project was delayed past its original deadline in 2027 when the governor of Shizuoka…

Ōsaka-Kōbe metropolitan area: Street patterns: The east-west axis is Chūō Ōdōri (“Central Boulevard”), running from the Central Pier of the Port of Ōsaka in the west to the foot of the Ikoma Mountains in the east. Parallel to Midō-suji is the narrow Shinsaibashi-suji, the central shopping district. Dotombori, at the south end of Shinsaibashi-suji,…

Dâmrei Mountains, north-south-trending range of high hills, an offshoot of the Krâvanh Mountains, southwestern Cambodia. Extending 70 miles (110 km) north from the Gulf of Thailand, they reach a high point in the Bok Koŭ ridge at Mount Bokor (3,547 feet [1,081 m]). The densely wooded hills receive

Dângrêk Mountains, forested range of hills averaging 1,500–2,000 feet (450–600 m) and dividing Thailand from Cambodia. This east–west-trending range extends from the Mekong River westward for approximately 200 miles (320 km), merging with the highland area near San Kamphaeng, Thailand. Essentially

Krâvanh Mountains, range of high hills in southwestern Cambodia that is situated on a southeast-northwest axis and continues westward into the highland area around Chanthaburi, Thailand. The Krâvanh Mountains extend (some discontinuously) for about 100 miles (160 km) southeast and east to the

Kareena Kapoor: Debut and rise to superstardom: …Kapoor in her next film, Chup Chup Ke (2006; “Quietly”), a romantic comedy about a debt-ridden young man who pretends to be mute and deaf to get by but falls in love with a woman who is actually mute and deaf.

chupacabra, in Latin American popular legend, a monstrous creature that attacks animals and consumes their blood. The name is derived from the Spanish words chupar (“to suck”) and cabra (“goat”) and can be translated as “goat-sucker.” As a fearsome but probably nonexistent creature, the chupacabra

salvia: Major species: …most spectacular of which is Wagner’s salvia (S. wagneri), or chupamiel, a treelike shrub, native near the mountain lakes of Guatemala. It attains a height of more than 4 metres (13 feet) and has triangular 30-cm (12-inch) spikes of woolly scarlet corollas opening from magenta calyxes. Blue sage (S. farinacea)…

Iraq: Il-Khanid successors (1335–1410): …especially the leaders of the Süldüz and Jalāyirid tribes. The Süldüz, also known as the Chūpānids, made Azerbaijan their stronghold, while the Jalāyirid took control in Baghdad. At first both groups raised a succession of Il-Khanid figureheads to legitimize their rule.

Dharmendra: Rise to superstardom and later decline: …his in-laws in the comedy Chupke Chupke (1975; “Quietly”), costarring Sharmila Tagore.

ḥuppa, in a Jewish wedding, the portable canopy beneath which the couple stands while the ceremony is performed. Depending on the local custom and the preference of the bride and groom, the ḥuppa may be a simple Jewish prayer shawl (ṭallit) suspended from four poles, a richly embroidered cloth of