Zhu Shijie was a Chinese mathematician who stood at the pinnacle of traditional Chinese mathematics. Zhu is also known for having unified the southern and northern Chinese mathematical traditions. Little is known of Zhu’s life except that he was probably a native of the present Beijing area and

Zhu Shunshui was a Chinese scholar and patriot who fled China after the destruction of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Arriving in Japan, he became one of the primary compilers of the Dai Nihon shi (“History of Great Japan”), a comprehensive rewriting of Japanese history, which served to reawaken

Zhu Da was a Buddhist monk who was, with Shitao, one of the most famous Individualist painters of the early Qing period. Details of Zhu’s life are unclear, but he is known to have been a descendant of the Ming imperial line, to have had a classical education, and to have become a Buddhist monk in

Zhu De was one of China’s greatest military leaders and the founder of the Chinese communist army. Born into a peasant family, Zhu was initially a physical education instructor. In 1911 he graduated from the Yunnan Military Academy and took part in the revolution that overthrew the Qing dynasty.

Kyrgyzstan: Relief: …in the country are the Chu and Talas river valleys in the north, with the capital, Bishkek, located in the Chu. The country’s lowland areas, though occupying only one-seventh of the total area, are home to most of its people.

Chu Van Tan was a military and political leader who played an important part in winning Vietnam’s independence from France. Chu Van Tan became chieftain of the Tho, a tribal ethnic minority in the mountainous regions of northern Vietnam near the China border. Before World War II, Chu Van Tan

Zhu Wen was a Chinese general who usurped the throne of the last emperor of the Tang dynasty (618–907) and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Hou (Later) Liang dynasty (907–923). Originally, Zhu Wen was a follower of the great Tang rebel Huang Chao (d. 884), but at an opportune time he

Zhu Yizun was a Chinese scholar and poet who helped revive the ci song form during the early Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). Although Zhu’s family had been prominent under the Ming dynasty, the collapse of that dynasty in 1644 forced him to spend much of his life as a private tutor and personal

Zhu Yujian was the ruler of Fujian province in southeastern China after the Manchu forces of Manchuria (Northeast China) captured the Ming capital at Beijing and established the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). He was also a claimant to the Ming throne. A Ming prince, Zhu was a direct descendant of the

Zhu Youlang was a claimant to the Ming throne after the Manchu forces of Manchuria had captured the Ming capital at Beijing and established the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). A grandson of the Ming emperor Shenzong (reigned 1572–1620, reign name Wanli), Zhu was given the title of the prince of Gui.

Jon M. Chu is an American director, producer, and writer. He directed the popular romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians (2018) and the musical drama In the Heights (2021). The movies he has worked on often feature elaborate dance scenes and lively music. Chu is the youngest of five children of Ruth

Jon M. Chu is an American director, producer, and writer. He directed the popular romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians (2018) and the musical drama In the Heights (2021). The movies he has worked on often feature elaborate dance scenes and lively music. Chu is the youngest of five children of Ruth

memristor: …first hypothesized in 1971 by Leon Chu, who was then an electrical engineering professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Chu realized that the fundamental relationship between the four basic circuit variables—electric current (I), voltage (V), charge (Q), and magnetic flux (Φ)—could be expressed by using four different differential equations,…

Steven Chu is an American physicist who, with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips, was awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics for their independent pioneering research in cooling and trapping atoms using laser light. He later served as secretary of energy (2009–13) in the

Zhuzhou, city, east-central Hunan sheng (province), China. Situated 15 miles (25 km) east of Xiangtan on the east bank of the Xiang River, Zhuzhou, until the beginning of the 20th century, was only a minor market town and river port. Its rise to importance came only with the construction of a

Qufu, city, Shandong sheng (province), eastern China. It lies 70 miles (110 km) south of Jinan. In ancient times Qufu was the capital of the small independent state of Lu, which flourished from the 6th to the 4th century bce. It was established as a county-level city in 1986. Qufu is best known as

special economic zone: …the small cities of Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in Guangdong province and Xiamen (Amoy) in Fujian province. In these areas, local governments have been allowed to offer tax incentives to foreign investors and to develop their own infrastructure without the approval of the central government. Business enterprises have made most…

Juran was a Chinese painter of the Five Dynasties (907–960) period. He was one of the most innovative artists working in the pure landscape tradition. Little is known of Juran other than that he was a Buddhist priest (Juran is a priestly name—his family name is never mentioned) and that he worked

Zhuge Liang was a celebrated adviser to Liu Bei, founder of the Shu-Han dynasty (221–263/264). Zhuge, to whom supernatural powers often are ascribed, has been a favoured character of many Chinese plays and stories. Legend states that Liu Bei, then a minor military figure, heard of Zhuge Liang’s

Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, a group of Chinese scholars and poets of the mid-3rd century ad who banded together to escape from the hypocrisy and danger of the political world of government officialdom to a life of drinking wine and writing verse in the country. Their retreat was typical of the

Mount Everest, mountain on the crest of the Great Himalayas of southern Asia that lies on the border between Nepal and the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, at 27°59′ N 86°56′ E. Reaching an elevation of 29,032 feet (8,849 meters), Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Like other high

Kusha, Buddhist school of philosophy introduced into Japan from China during the Nara period (710–784). The school takes its name from its authoritative text, the Abidatsuma-kusha-ron(Sanskrit:Abhidharma-kośa; q.v.), by the 4th- or 5th-century Indian philosopher Vasubandhu. This text sets forth the

Bamboo Annals, set of Chinese court records written on bamboo slips, from the state of Wei, one of the many small states into which China was divided during the Dong (Eastern) Zhou dynasty (770–256 bce). The state records were hidden in a tomb uncovered some 6 miles (10 km) southwest of the

Beijing: City site: …the ranges—the most important being Juyong (northwest of Beijing), Gubei (northeast), and Shanhai (east in Hebei, on the Bo Hai)—and are so situated that all roads leading from Mongolia and the Northeast to the North China Plain are bound to converge on Beijing. For centuries, therefore, Beijing was an important…

Quzhou, city, western Zhejiang sheng (province), China. Quzhou has been a natural transportation centre since ancient times, being situated on the upper stream of the Fuchun River—there known as the Changshan River—at its confluence with the Wuxi River. Natural routes lead westward into Jiangxi

Hien Vuong was a member of the Nguyen family who ruled in southern Vietnam in 1648–87. He persecuted European Christian missionaries, expanded the territory under his control, and made notable agricultural reforms. Hien Vuong launched campaigns in 1655–61 designed to defeat the Trinh rulers in

Chinese writing: Characteristics: …word meaning “true, sincere, truth”); zhuanzhu, modifications or distortions of characters to form new characters, usually of somewhat related meaning (e.g., the character for shan “mountain” turned on its side means fou “tableland”); and jiajie, characters borrowed from (or sometimes originally mistaken for) others, usually words of different meaning but…

Chinese cuisine: The eight great cuisines: comChuan (or Sichuan) cuisine, or western Chinese cuisine, is known for being very spicy and pungent. A particularly famous cooking style from this region is ma la, (“numbing spicy”), a flavor profile in which peppercorns numb the mouth in combination with spicy chilis. In some…

Chuan Leekpai is a Thai lawyer and politician who served as prime minister of Thailand (1992–95, 1997–2001). Chuan, the son of a schoolteacher, became a lawyer but later turned his attention to politics. He joined the Democrat Party, and in 1969 he was first elected a member of parliament. He

Quanzhou, port and city, eastern coastal Fujian sheng (province), China. It is situated on the north bank of the Jin River, at the head of the river’s estuary, facing the Taiwan Strait. Pop. (2002 est.) city, 497,723; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 1,463,000. A Quanzhou prefecture was established there

Chinese architecture: The elements of traditional Chinese architecture: Known as chuandou, this system allows for endless possibilities in the geometrical design upon the gable wall, unlike the more standardized tailiang system. In place of column-top bracketing, slanting wooden struts extend support for the eaves purlin diagonally downward to the columns. It is possible that chuandou…

BYD Co. Ltd.: It was founded by Wang Chuanfu in 1995 as the Shenzhen BYD Battery Co. Ltd. and is headquartered in Shenzhen, China.

Zhuang, largest ethnic minority of South China, chiefly occupying the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi (created 1958) and Wenshan in Yunnan province. They numbered some 16 million in the early 21st century. The Zhuang speak two closely related Tai dialects, one classified as Northern and the

Somdet Chao Phraya Si Suriyawong was a leading minister under King Mongkut and regent during the minority of King Chulalongkorn. He exercised tremendous influence during a crucial period when the Siamese kings were modernizing the country and trying to maintain its independence. Members of the

Zhuang Zhou was the most significant of China’s early interpreters of Daoism, and his eponymous work, the Zhuangzi, is considered to be one of the definitive texts of Daoism. That work is thought to be more comprehensive than the Daodejing, which is attributed to Laozi, the first philosopher of

Zhuang language, language spoken by the Zhuang people, an official minority group of southern China, mostly in the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi. The dialects spoken in northern Guangxi belong to the Northern branch of the Tai language family and are known officially in China as the Northern

quantum computer: In 1998 Isaac Chuang of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Neil Gershenfeld of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Mark Kubinec of the University of California at Berkeley created the first quantum computer (2-qubit) that could be loaded with data and output a solution. Although their…

Zhuang language, language spoken by the Zhuang people, an official minority group of southern China, mostly in the Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi. The dialects spoken in northern Guangxi belong to the Northern branch of the Tai language family and are known officially in China as the Northern

Zhuangzi, Chinese philosophical, literary, and religious classic named for its author, Zhuang Zhou, who lived in the 4th century bce and is commonly referred to as Zhuangzi (“Master Zhuang”). It was highly influential in the development of subsequent Chinese philosophy and religion, particularly

Chinese literature: May Fourth period: …the smaller Chuangzao She (“Creation Society”), on the other hand, were followers of the “Romantic” tradition who eschewed any expressions of social responsibility by writers, referring to their work as “art for art’s sake.” In 1924, however, the society’s leading figure, Guo Moruo, converted to Marxism, and the Creation…

Yuan Zhen: …themes, he adapted the traditional chuanqi, or “marvel tale,” to serious moral and social purposes. Works such as his semiautobiographical Yingyingzhuan (“Story of Yingying”) thus set a new standard for the genre of the tale in Chinese literature.

chuanqi, a form of traditional Chinese operatic drama that developed from the nanxi in the late 14th century. Chuanqi alternated with the zaju as the major form of Chinese drama until the 16th century, when kunqu, a particular style of chuanqi, began to dominate serious Chinese drama. Highly

Wang Yangming: Political and military career: …earlier constitute his main work, Chuanxilu (“Instructions for Practical Living”). In 1521 he had enunciated his doctrine of complete realization of the innate knowledge of the good.

Chinese painting: Three Kingdoms (220–280) and Six Dynasties (220–589): …in placing and positioning); and chuanyi moxie (transmission of ancient models by copying). The last principle seems to refer to the copying of ancient paintings both for technical training and as a means of preserving them and hence the tradition itself. Of the “six principles,” the first two are fundamental,…

chub, any of several freshwater fishes of the carp family, Cyprinidae, common in Europe and North America. Chubs are good bait fish, and large specimens are caught for sport or food. The European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) is a popular, though not especially palatable, game fish found in Europe and

mackerel: …to this species is the chub mackerel (S. colias; once separated into Atlantic and Pacific species). They are more finely marked than the common mackerel; the chub mackerel that is found in the Pacific Ocean is bright green with vertical stripes. It has an air bladder but is otherwise similar…

Yury Luzhkov: …particularly First Deputy Prime Minister Anatoly Chubais. Luzhkov frequently squared off against Chubais over the handling of the privatization process in Moscow. Outlying provinces also harboured suspicions of the mayor and his city’s newfound wealth, but Luzhkov was praised by his constituents, nearly 90 percent of whom reelected him over…

Sadeq Chubak was an author of short fiction, drama, and novels, one of the leading 20th-century writers of Iran. Chubak’s short stories are characterized by their intricacy, economy of detail, and concentration upon a single theme, causing some to compare them to Persian miniature paintings. Chubak

Sadeq Chubak was an author of short fiction, drama, and novels, one of the leading 20th-century writers of Iran. Chubak’s short stories are characterized by their intricacy, economy of detail, and concentration upon a single theme, causing some to compare them to Persian miniature paintings. Chubak

Ungava-Quebec Crater, geologically young crater, produced by an impact event involving a meteorite, located in the northwestern part of the Ungava Peninsula, northern Quebec province, Canada. First recognized as an impact structure in 1950, the crater is 3.4 km (2.1 miles) in diameter and has a rim

Charles Chubb was a British inventor and entrepreneur, founder of the locksmith firm of Chubb & Son (now Chubb & Son PLC), which in the 20th century became a major corporation manufacturing and distributing locks, safes, alarms, fire extinguishers, security systems, surveillance equipment, and

lock: Development of modern types.: …1784 (between Barron’s lock and Chubb’s improvements on it) a remarkable lock was patented in England by Joseph Bramah. Working on an entirely different principle, it used a very small light key, yet gave an unprecedented amount of security. Bramah’s locks are very intricate (hence, expensive to make), and for…

Thomas Chubb was a self-taught English philosopher and proponent of Deism, regarded by Voltaire as one of the most logical of his school. The son of a maltster, Chubb was apprenticed to a glovemaker and later worked for a tallow chandler. He read widely and began to write on rationalism in the

Chūbu, chihō (region), central Honshu, Japan. Situated between Kantō region (east) and Kinki region (west), it encompasses the ken (prefectures) of Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, and Aichi. The region’s name is derived from its location in the central part

Chubut, provincia (province), southern Argentina. It is part of the region known as Patagonia, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean (east) and Chile (west). Rawson, along the northeast-central coast, is the provincial capital. To the west, the forested, fertile Andean foothills are interspersed with

Chubut River, river in southern Argentina, rising in the Andes Mountains south of San Carlos de Bariloche in Río Negro provincia (province). It flows southward and then eastward, emerging from the Andes in northwestern Chubut province. It then flows generally southeastward to the Pass of Indios,

Khujand, city, northwestern Tajikistan. The city lies along both banks of the Syr Darya (river) at the entrance to the fertile and heavily populated Fergana Valley. One of the most ancient cities of Central Asia, it lay along the great Silk Road from China to Europe. It was captured by the Arabs in

Chuci, compendium of ancient Chinese poetic songs from the southern state of Chu during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 bce). The poems were collected in the 2nd century ce by Wang Yi, an imperial librarian during the latter part of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce). Many of the poems are attributed to

hand tool: Drilling and boring tools: …that fit into simple split chucks (holders) and were secured with a thumbscrew. Soon the screwed shell chuck and ratchet was devised to set the standard for the modern tool. By 1900 the swivel turned on ball bearings instead of a leather washer, and the metal parts were nickel-plated.

Elisabeth Moss: Mad Men and The Handmaid’s Tale: …starred with Liev Schreiber in Chuck (2016), a biography of boxer Chuck Wepner; took on the role of Masha in The Seagull (2018), a film version of Anton Chekhov’s play; appeared with Lupita Nyong’o and Winston Duke in Jordan Peele’s popular horror film Us (2019); starred in the sci-fi thriller…

Mike White: Early screenplays: Chuck & Buck, School of Rock, and Nacho Libre: …project was the independent film Chuck & Buck (2000), about an alienated misfit who tries to reconnect with his best friend from childhood. White wrote the screenplay and starred in the film, which was directed by Miguel Arteta. White was nominated for best screenplay and best debut performance by the…

By the time Chuck Blore switched on “Color Radio” in Los Angeles, on KFWB in January 1958, Top 40 had been around for several years. It was Blore, however, who gave it a polish that elevated his stations—and those that imitated them—beyond the ultimately limited confines of a teenage audience.

Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five: …the likes of Public Enemy’s Chuck D and Boogie Down Production’s KRS-One to create provocative social commentary in the manner of Bob Dylan and Bob Marley. The group also tackled drug abuse in “White Lines” (1983). By the mid-1980s the group had disbanded, and later reunions were short-lived. In 2007…

chuck-a-luck, dice game of medieval origin that is related to grand hazard. It is played with three dice and a layout numbered from one to six upon which the players place their bets. The banker then rolls the dice by turning over an hourglass-shaped wire cage in which they are contained. The

chuck-will’s-widow, (species Caprimulgus carolinensis), nocturnal bird of the family Caprimulgidae, found in the swamps, rocky uplands, and pine woods of the southeastern United States, migrating to the West Indies, Central America, and northwestern South America. This nightjar is named for its

Chukchi, people inhabiting the northeasternmost part of Siberia, the Chukotskiy (Chukotka) autonomous okrug (district) in Russia. They numbered 14,000 in the late 20th century and are divided into two chief subgroups, reindeer Chukchi and maritime Chukchi. The reindeer Chukchi inhabit the interior

machine tool: Turret lathes: A chucking machine is designed primarily for machining larger parts, such as castings, forgings, or blanks of stock that usually must be mounted in the chuck manually.

chuckwalla, (genus Sauromalus), any of five species of stocky, slightly flattened lizards belonging to the subfamily Iguaninae (family Iguanidae), found on arid, rocky hills of southwestern North America. The common chuckwalla (S. ater), which occurs in the southwestern United States, reaches 50 cm

Lake Titicaca: …in the northwest, is called Lake Chucuito in Bolivia and Lake Grande in Peru.

Lake Peipus, lake forming part of the boundary between Estonia and Pskov oblast (province) of Russia. It is connected by the narrow Lake Tyoploye to a southern extension, Lake Pskov. Lake Peipus has an area of 1,370 square miles (3,550 square km), although this varies. The lake bottom, reaching a

Lake Peipus: …“Battle on the Ice” (Ledovoye Poboishche). His victory (April 5) forced the grand master of the Knights to relinquish all claims to the Russian lands that he had conquered and substantially reduced the Teutonic threat to northwestern Russia.

jue, type of ancient Chinese pitcherlike container used for wine and characterized by an elegant and dynamic shape. The jue can either be a type of pottery or it can be bronze. It is much like the jia except for the rim, which is drawn into a large, projecting, U-shaped spout (with capped pillars

jueju, a Chinese verse form that was popular during the Tang dynasty (618–907). An outgrowth of the lüshi, it is a four-line poem, each line of which consists of five or seven words. It omits either the first four lines, the last four lines, the first two and the last two lines, or the middle four

groundnut: …especially in the variety called chufa or earth almond.

Chugach Mountains, segment of the Pacific mountain system of western North America that is wholly within the U.S. state of Alaska. It extends eastward along the coast for about 300 miles (500 km) from Turnagain Arm of the Cook Inlet (Gulf of Alaska) to Cape Yakataga in southern Alaska. Many peaks

Alaskan mountains: Plant and animal life: …Forest encompasses southeastern Alaska, and Chugach National Forest covers the lower parts of the Chugach, Kenai, and Kodiak mountain areas. Vegetation in the lower elevations is a hemlock-spruce coastal forest. Western hemlock and Sitka spruce extend to about 1,500 feet (450 meters) above sea level, and subalpine species to at…

Chugach Mountains, segment of the Pacific mountain system of western North America that is wholly within the U.S. state of Alaska. It extends eastward along the coast for about 300 miles (500 km) from Turnagain Arm of the Cook Inlet (Gulf of Alaska) to Cape Yakataga in southern Alaska. Many peaks

Daniel Mann was an American director who was best known for his film adaptations of plays, several of which he also staged on Broadway. After attending New York’s Professional Children’s School, Mann studied at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre. He later directed theatre productions,

Abdur Rahman Chughtai was a Pakistani artist. In the 1920s he created large watercolours in a modified Bengal-school style. By the 1940s his painting style was influenced by Mughal architecture, Islamic calligraphy, miniature painting, and Art Nouveau, and his diverse subject matter included heroes

Chūgoku Range, mountain range, in Chūgoku (“China”) chihō (region), western Honshu, Japan. It forms the major mountain system of Yamaguchi, Hiroshima, Shimane, Okayama, and Tottori ken (prefectures) and extends to the fault scarp of the Hira Range along Lake Biwa. The mountains to the east of the

Chūgoku Range, mountain range, in Chūgoku (“China”) chihō (region), western Honshu, Japan. It forms the major mountain system of Yamaguchi, Hiroshima, Shimane, Okayama, and Tottori ken (prefectures) and extends to the fault scarp of the Hira Range along Lake Biwa. The mountains to the east of the

Japan: The Hideyoshi regime: The feudal chigyō system, based on the kokudaka assessment, was established throughout the country. The provincial daimyo all submitted to Hideyoshi’s regime, and the more egalitarian, alliance-like relationship between Nobunaga and the former Sengoku daimyo was replaced by a clear lord-vassal relationship.

pottery: Underglaze blue and red: …powder blue, or, in Chinese, chui qing (“blown blue”), and is distinct from the sponged blue grounds of the Ming dynasty. It was subsequently used at several of the porcelain factories in Europe. Clair de lune (yue bai, “moon white”), a cobalt glaze of the palest blue shade, was also…

Wong Kar-Wai: …gangster drama Chuihau singlee (1987; Final Victory). In addition, Tam introduced the work of Argentine novelist Manuel Puig to Wong, who was particularly influenced by the fragmentary narrative of Heartbreak Tango (1969).

pottery: Coloured glazes: …Chinese as “blown red” (chui hong). It was certainly used as a monochrome in early Ming times and possibly even earlier, and is the direct ancestor of the showy flambé glazes (yao bian) of the Qianlong period that are often vividly streaked with unreduced copper blue.

Vasily Chuikov was a Soviet general (and later marshal) who in World War II commanded the defense at the Battle of Stalingrad, joined in turning Adolf Hitler’s armies back, and led the Soviet drive to Berlin. The son of peasants, Chuikov worked as a mechanic apprentice from the age of 12. At the

Vasily Chuikov was a Soviet general (and later marshal) who in World War II commanded the defense at the Battle of Stalingrad, joined in turning Adolf Hitler’s armies back, and led the Soviet drive to Berlin. The son of peasants, Chuikov worked as a mechanic apprentice from the age of 12. At the

Tucson, city, seat (1864) of Pima county, southeastern Arizona, U.S. Tucson lies along the Santa Cruz River on a hilly plain of the Sonoran Desert that is rimmed by the Santa Catalina and other mountains. The city lies at an elevation of 2,410 feet (735 metres) and is situated about 115 miles (185

chukar, popular small game bird, a species of partridge

Viktor Chukarin was the first of the great Soviet gymnasts, the winner of 11 Olympic medals, including 7 gold. At the 1952 Helsinki Games he was the most-decorated male athlete with six medals (four gold and two silver). In 1950 Chukarin graduated from the Institute of Physical Culture in Lvov (now

Chukchi, people inhabiting the northeasternmost part of Siberia, the Chukotskiy (Chukotka) autonomous okrug (district) in Russia. They numbered 14,000 in the late 20th century and are divided into two chief subgroups, reindeer Chukchi and maritime Chukchi. The reindeer Chukchi inhabit the interior

Chukchi Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean, bounded by Wrangel Island (west), northeastern Siberia and northwestern Alaska (south), the Beaufort Sea (east), and the Arctic continental slope (north). It has an area of 225,000 square miles (582,000 square km) and an average depth of 253 feet (77 m). The

Chukchi, people inhabiting the northeasternmost part of Siberia, the Chukotskiy (Chukotka) autonomous okrug (district) in Russia. They numbered 14,000 in the late 20th century and are divided into two chief subgroups, reindeer Chukchi and maritime Chukchi. The reindeer Chukchi inhabit the interior

Siberian Husky, breed of strong, graceful, and friendly working dog raised in Siberia by the Chukchi people, who valued it as a sled dog and companion. It was brought to Alaska in 1909 for sled dog races and soon became established as a consistent winner. In 1925 the breed gained widespread fame by

Paleo-Siberian languages: Yeniseian, Luorawetlan, and Nivkh: …Luorawetlan family consists of (1) Chukchi, spoken by no more than 11,000 people in the northeasternmost parts of Siberia, west of the small enclaves of Siberian Yupik (Eskimo), (2) Koryak, also called Nymylan, with approximately 3,500 speakers, spoken on northern Kamchatka and northward to the Anadyr River basin, (3) the…

Chukchi Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean, bounded by Wrangel Island (west), northeastern Siberia and northwestern Alaska (south), the Beaufort Sea (east), and the Arctic continental slope (north). It has an area of 225,000 square miles (582,000 square km) and an average depth of 253 feet (77 m). The

polo: The game: 5 minutes each, called chukkers, chukkars, or chukkas. Eight chukkers are played in Argentina, and four is a common number in England and on the European continent.

polo: The game: 5 minutes each, called chukkers, chukkars, or chukkas. Eight chukkers are played in Argentina, and four is a common number in England and on the European continent.

polo: The game: 5 minutes each, called chukkers, chukkars, or chukkas. Eight chukkers are played in Argentina, and four is a common number in England and on the European continent.

Chukotka, autonomous okrug (district), Russia, in the extreme northeastern portion of Siberia. Apart from the basin of the Anadyr River, most of the okrug is mountainous or hilly. Almost everywhere a severe Arctic climate permits only tundra vegetation, with some stunted forest in the south. The