Sociology & Society, GHE-HER
The study of human societies is an important tool for the improvement of living conditions. It analyzes the innumerable factors that are the makeup of human behavior and that can cause social injustice, stratification, and societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution. It helps to find the best possible solutions to issues such as economic inequality, race relations, and gender discrimination. The discipline of sociology has grown by leaps and bounds in the last century with the contribution of scholars from different schools of thought.
Sociology & Society Encyclopedia Articles By Title
ghetto
ghetto, formerly a street, or quarter, of a city set apart as a legally enforced residence area for Jews. One of......
Giddens, Anthony
Anthony Giddens is a British political adviser and educator. Trained as a sociologist and social theorist, he lectured......
Giddings, Franklin H.
Franklin H. Giddings was one of the scholars responsible for transforming American sociology from a branch of philosophy......
Gideons International
Gideons International, organization of Protestant business and professional lay men that places copies of the Bible......
Gifford, Edward W.
Edward W. Gifford was an American anthropologist, archaeologist, and student of California Indian ethnography who......
gift exchange
gift exchange, the transfer of goods or services that, although regarded as voluntary by the people involved, is......
Giles of Rome
Giles of Rome was a Scholastic theologian, philosopher, logician, archbishop, and general and intellectual leader......
Giles, H.A.
H.A. Giles was an English scholar of Chinese language and culture, who helped to popularize the Wade-Giles system......
Gillen, Francis James
Francis James Gillen was an Australian anthropologist who did pioneering fieldwork among the Aborigines of central......
Gini, Corrado
Corrado Gini was an Italian statistician and demographer. Gini was educated at Bologna, where he studied law, mathematics,......
Girard, Stephen
Stephen Girard was an American financier and philanthropist whose purchase of government bonds during the War of......
Gitlin, Todd
Todd Gitlin was an American political activist, author, and public intellectual best known as a media analyst and......
GLAAD
GLAAD, organization created in 1985 that is devoted to countering discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual,......
global village
The global village is a phrase that is closely associated with the Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan. In......
globalization, Cultural
Cultural globalization, phenomenon by which the experience of everyday life, as influenced by the diffusion of......
Gluckman, Max
Max Gluckman was a South African social anthropologist esteemed for his contributions to political and legal anthropology,......
Glueck, Sheldon; and Glueck, Eleanor
Sheldon Glueck and Eleanor Glueck were American criminologists and researchers at Harvard Law School. This husband-and-wife......
godparent
godparent, in Christianity, one who stands surety for another in the rite of baptism. In the modern baptism of......
Goffman, Erving
Erving Goffman was a Canadian-American sociologist noted for his studies of face-to-face communication and related......
Gold Cup
Gold Cup, premier annual motorboat-racing prize in the United States, instituted by the American Power Boat Association......
Golden Fleece, The Order of the
The Order of the Golden Fleece, order of knighthood founded in Burgundy in 1430 and associated later especially......
Golden Globe Award
Golden Globe Award, any of the awards presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) in recognition......
Golden Gloves
Golden Gloves, amateur boxing competition initiated by Arch Ward, sports editor of the Chicago Tribune. First sponsored......
Golden Rule
Golden Rule, precept in the Gospel of Matthew (7:12): âIn everything, do to others what you would have them do......
Golden Week
Golden Week, series of four holidays closely spaced together and observed at the end of April and beginning of......
Goldenweiser, Alexander
Alexander Goldenweiser was an American anthropologist whose analyses of cultural questions ranged widely, encompassing......
Gond
Gond, group of aboriginal peoples (now officially designated as Scheduled Tribes) of central and south-central......
Gore, Al
Al Gore is an American politician and environmental activist who served as the 45th vice president of the United......
gotra
gotra, system of identifying family ancestry or clans primarily in the Hindu society of India. A gotra traces back......
Gouges, Olympe de
Olympe de Gouges was a French social reformer and writer who challenged conventional views on a number of matters,......
governance
governance, patterns of rule or practices of governing. The study of governance generally approaches power as distinct......
- Introduction
- Resistance, Civil Society
- Public Management, Accountability, Efficiency
- Networks, Partnerships, Inclusion
- Global, Corporate, Political
- Rational Choice, Decision Making, Institutions
- Regulation, Theory, Compliance
- Public Policy, Regulation, Accountability
- Democracy, Representation, Accountability
- Democracy, Representation, Participation
Governor Generalâs Literary Awards
Governor Generalâs Literary Awards, series of Canadian literary awards established in 1936 by the Canadian Authors......
Graebner, Fritz
Fritz Graebner was a German ethnologist who advanced the theory of the Kulturkreise, or culture complex, which......
Graham, Isabella Marshall
Isabella Marshall Graham was a Scottish-American educator and philanthropist who was principal in founding one......
Grailly, Jean III de, Lord De Buch
Jean III de Grailly, lord de Buch was a vassal in Gascony under King Edward III of England and his son Edward,......
Grammy Award
...
Grand Army of the Republic
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), patriotic organization of American Civil War veterans who served in the Union......
grand duke
grand duke, title of sovereign princes ranking between kings and dukes and of certain members of the Russian imperial......
grandee
grandee, a title of honour borne by the highest class of the Spanish nobility. The title appears first to have......
grandfather clause
grandfather clause, statutory or constitutional device enacted by seven Southern states between 1895 and 1910 to......
Gratz, Rebecca
Rebecca Gratz was an American philanthropist who was a proponent of Jewish education and a pioneer in establishing......
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS), during World War II (1939â45), the Japanese concept of a unified......
Greatest Generation
Greatest Generation, generation of Americans born between approximately 1901 and 1924, who came of age during the......
Greek Independence Day
Greek Independence Day, national holiday celebrated annually in Greece on March 25, commemorating the start of......
Greeley, Andrew
Andrew Greeley was an American Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, educator, commentator, and author who devoted......
Greenberg, Joseph H.
Joseph H. Greenberg was an American anthropologist and linguist specializing in African languages and in language......
Gregory the Great, St
St. Gregory the Great ; Western feast day, September 3 [formerly March 12, still observed in the East]) was the......
Grenfell, Sir Wilfred
Sir Wilfred Grenfell was an English medical missionary who was the tireless benefactor of the people of Labrador.......
Grierson, Sir George Abraham
Sir George Abraham Grierson was an Irish linguistic language scholar and civil servant who from 1898 conducted......
Groundhog Day
Groundhog Day, in the United States and Canada, day (February 2) on which the emergence of the groundhog (woodchuck)......
Group marriage
Group marriage, the marriage of several men with several women. As an institutionalized social practice, group......
Guardian Angels
Guardian Angels, nonprofit volunteer organization founded in New York City in 1979 by Curtis Sliwa to deter violent......
Guggenheim, Daniel
Daniel Guggenheim was an American industrialist and philanthropist who oversaw the expansion of his familyâs vast......
Gulbenkian, Calouste
Calouste Gulbenkian was a Turkish-born British financier, industrialist, and philanthropist. In 1911 he helped......
Gumplowicz, Ludwig
Ludwig Gumplowicz was a sociologist and legal philosopher who was known for his disbelief in the permanence of......
Guru Amar Das
Guru Amar Das was the third Sikh Guru (1522â74), so named at the advanced age of 73. He is noted for his division......
Guru, Narayana
Narayana Guru was an Indian social reformer, poet, and Hindu sage who led a movement against the Hindu caste system.......
Gustavus Adolphus Union
Gustavus Adolphus Union, worldwide organization for the spreading of the Christian faith. It was founded by the......
Guy Fawkes Day
Guy Fawkes Day, British observance, celebrated on November 5, commemorating the failure of the Gunpowder Plot of......
Guy, Thomas
Thomas Guy was the founder of Guyâs Hospital, London. A bookseller from 1668, dealing largely in Bibles, Guy ultimately......
GĂŒnzburg, Horace, Baron
Horace, Baron GĂŒnzburg was a Russian businessman, philanthropist, and vigilant fighter for the rights of his Jewish......
GĂŒnzburg, Joseph, Baron
Joseph, Baron GĂŒnzburg was a Jewish philanthropist, banker, and financier who contributed much to the industrialization......
Habermas, JĂŒrgen
JĂŒrgen Habermas was the most important German philosopher of the second half of the 20th century. A highly influential......
Habitat for Humanity International
Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), Christian ministry that builds and renovates housing for families in......
Hadassah
Hadassah, American religious organization dedicated to preserving and promoting Jewish social and religious values......
Haddon, Alfred Cort
Alfred Cort Haddon was one of the founders of modern British anthropology. Virtually the sole exponent of anthropology......
Hale, Horatio
Horatio Hale was an American anthropologist, who made valuable linguistic and ethnographic studies of North American......
Halik, TomĂĄĆĄ
TomĂĄĆĄ Halik is a Czech Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, and author who advocated for religious tolerance and......
Halloween
Halloween, a holiday observed annually on October 31 and noted for its pagan origins and its Christian roots as......
Hallowell, A Irving
A. Irving Hallowell was a U.S. cultural anthropologist known for his work on the North American Indians, especially......
Han Feizi
Han Feizi was the greatest of Chinaâs Legalist philosophers. His essays on autocratic government so impressed Qin......
Hanseatic League
Hanseatic League, organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect......
Hansen, Jens Andersen
Jens Andersen Hansen was a journalist and politician, a leading 19th-century champion of Denmarkâs peasantry. A......
Hansson, Per Albin
Per Albin Hansson was a Social Democratic statesman who, as four-time premier of Sweden between 1932 and 1946,......
Hanukkah
Hanukkah, Jewish festival that begins at sundown on Kislev 25 (usually in December, according to the Gregorian......
Happy Halloween
While now associated with costumes, trick-or-treating, and scary movies, Halloween wasnât always a time of fun......
Haqqani network
Haqqani network, Pashtun militant network based in eastern Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan. The Haqqani network......
harem
harem, in Muslim countries, the part of a house set apart for the women of the family. The word ងarīmī is used......
Harkness, Anna M. Richardson
Anna M. Richardson Harkness was an American philanthropist, perhaps best remembered for establishing the Commonwealth......
Harlem Writers Guild
Harlem Writers Guild, group of African American writers established in New York City in 1950 as the Harlem Writers......
Harriet Tubman Day, March 10
Britannica celebrates the extraordinary courage of Harriet Tubman, who endured great hardship and danger to free......
Harris, Marvin
Marvin Harris was an American anthropological historian and theoretician known for his work on cultural materialism.......
Haskala
Haskala, a late 18th- and 19th-century intellectual movement among the Jews of central and eastern Europe that......
Hastings, Reed
Reed Hastings is an American entrepreneur who was cofounder (1997) of Netflix, a media-streaming and video-rental......
Haury, Emil W.
Emil W. Haury was an American anthropologist and archaeologist who investigated the ancient Indian civilizations......
Hawrani, Akram al-
Akram al-Hawrani was a radical politician and populist leader who had a determining influence on the course of......
Hays Office
Hays Office, American organization that promulgated a moral code for films. In 1922, after a number of scandals......
Hearn, Lafcadio
Lafcadio Hearn was a writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the......
Heisman Trophy
Heisman Trophy, award given annually to the most outstanding college football player in the United States as determined......
Henogamy
Henogamy, the custom by which one, and only one, member of a family is permitted to marry. The classic example......
Henry III
Henry III was the duke of Bavaria (as Henry VI, 1027â41), duke of Swabia (as Henry I, 1038â45), German king (from......
Henry IV
Henry IV was the duke of Bavaria (as Henry VIII; 1055â61), German king (from 1054), and Holy Roman emperor (1084â1105/06),......
Henry Street Settlement
Henry Street Settlement, settlement house complex in New York City, founded in 1893 by American nurse and social......
Henry V
Henry V was the German king (from 1099) and Holy Roman emperor (1111â25), last of the Salian dynasty. He restored......
Hepburn, Audrey
Audrey Hepburn was a Belgian-born British actress known for her radiant beauty and style, her ability to project......
Heritage Day
Heritage Day, Canadian holiday celebrating the countryâs history and architecture. Heritage Day is not an official......