industrial dispute

An industrial dispute, often referred to as a labor dispute, is a disagreement between employers and employees. These disputes can arise over various issues, primarily concerning economic conditions like wages and benefits, or labor practices such as working conditions.1

In response to such disputes, workers may collectively refuse to work, which is known as a strike. Strikes are a way for employees to exert pressure on employers to meet their demands. To manage and resolve these conflicts, various tribunals and courts have been established. Industrial courts, for instance, are tribunals designed to settle disputes between management and labor, with modern versions originating in Europe in the early 19th century. In the United States, bodies like the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) play a role in arbitrating controversies and providing mediation services.12