Qurʾān: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
- al-Khiḍr
- alcohol consumptionAmong Classical peoples
- Allah
- scriptureScriptures in Western religions
- IslamSources of Islamic doctrinal and social views
- capital punishmentHistorical considerations
- deathIslām
- covenantIslam
- dietary lawIslam
- doctrine and dogmaDevelopment
- heavenIslam
- inshallahIn the Qurʾān
- Kaaba
- monotheismIslam
- MuhammadBiographical sources
- MuhammadStatus in the Qurʾān and in post-Qurʾānic Islam of Muhammad
- prophecyThe centrality of prophecy in Islam
- Islamic worldSpiritual awakening
- Islamic worldDiscontent in ʿUthmān’s reign
- 99 names of God
- perjury
- purification ritePollution and sin
- purification riteThe removal of pollution
- Ramadan
- revelationIslam
- Islamic worldSharīʿah
- Queen of Sheba
- SufismHistory
- zuhd
- surah
- taqiyyah
Additional Reading
English-language works on the history and interpretation of the Qurʾān include Carl W. Ernst, How to Read the Qurʾan: A New Guide, with Select Translations (2011); Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink (eds.), Tafsīr and Islamic Intellectual History: Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre (2014); David Marshall, God, Muhammad and the Unbelievers: A Qurʾanic Study (1999); Angelika Neuwirth, Scripture, Poetry, and the Making of a Community: Reading the Qurʾan as a Literary Text (2014); Theodor Nöldeke et al., The History of the Qurʾān, ed. and trans. Wolfgang H. Behn (2013); Gabriel Said Reynolds (ed.), The Qurʾān in Its Historical Context (2008), and New Perspectives on the Qurʾān: The Qurʾān in Its Historical Context 2 (2011); Neal Robinson, Discovering the Qur’an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text, 2nd ed. (2003); Walid A. Saleh, The Formation of the Classical Tafsīr Tradition: The Qurʾān Commentary of al-Thaʿlabī (d. 427/1035) (2004); and Kristin Zahra Sands, Ṣūfī Commentaries on the Qurʾān in Classical Islam (2006).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Invalidated site: Jewish Virtual Library - The Qur'an. | Nov 11, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The criterion of human dignity in the Quran. | Jun 09, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Quran. | Apr 29, 2026 | ||
| Add new Web site: JewishEncyclopedia.com - Koran. | Mar 29, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Humanities LibreTexts - The Quran. | Jan 05, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Library - The Qur�an. | Nov 09, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Smarthistory - The Quran. | Aug 21, 2022 | ||
| Replaced photograph. | Jan 06, 2020 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Sep 16, 2019 | ||
| New bibliography added. | Feb 08, 2017 | ||
| Standing article replaced by new entry written jointly with Helmer Ringgren. | Feb 08, 2017 | ||
| Standing article replaced by new entry written jointly with Nicolai Sinai. | Feb 08, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: ReligionFacts - The Qur'an. | Dec 20, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Islamic Philosophy Online - The Qur'an and Hadith as source and inspiration of Islamic philosophy. | Jul 08, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Koran and Tradition. | Mar 30, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Koran and Tradition. | Mar 30, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: The Catholic Encyclopedia - Koran. | Feb 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Indianetzone - Religion - The Quran. | Feb 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Broadcasting Corporation - The Qur'an. | Feb 25, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Quatr.us - What is the Quran? | Feb 25, 2013 | ||
| Added image of two pages from a manuscript of the Qurʿān in Kūfic script, 9th–10th century. | Jul 12, 2010 | ||
| New article added. | Jul 27, 2007 | ||
| New bibliography added. | Jul 27, 2007 | ||
| Article revised. | Feb 28, 2003 | ||
| Article revised. | Jun 24, 1999 |