Tupac Shakur died on September 13, 1996, six days after a gunman in a white Cadillac shot him four times in the chest at a stoplight in Las Vegas. A Los Angeles Times investigation published in 2002 determined that uncooperative witnesses and minimal pursuit of gang-related leads resulted in what

Brad Paisley: …before releasing his debut record, Who Needs Pictures, in 1999. The album sold more than one million copies, fueled in part by the ballad “He Didn’t Have to Be,” an affectionate tribute to stepfathers that was Paisley’s first number one hit on the Billboard country singles chart. That same year…

The Gulf of Mexico (also called the Gulf of America) covers an area of some 600,000 square miles (1,550,000 square km), and a little more than 2 percent of it is classified as international waters. The remainder is claimed by the three countries that border it: Cuba, Mexico, and the United States.

The ocean, understood as the body of saltwater that covers nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface, is not literally owned by anyone or anything. Rather, its use as an avenue of transportation or shipment, as a vast body of natural resources, and as an object of scientific exploration or

The Olympic Games are a costly celebration of sport paid for by both private and public resources. A portion of money—on the order of one or two billion dollars—comes from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which is a nonprofit organization that itself is funded through private sector

Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is considered the mastermind of the September 11 attacks, though Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was the operational planner. Mohammed came up with the tactical innovation of using hijacked planes to attack the United States, and al-Qaeda provided the personnel, money, and

You may have heard the charming tale of how war hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown, New York. Unfortunately, that’s a bit of a myth. The true story of who invented baseball is a little more convoluted and a tad less romantic. Baseball likely had its origins in the early 1800s,

the Who: Until the 1967 release of The Who Sell Out, a sardonic concept album presented as a pirate radio broadcast, the Who were primarily a singles group. They were, however, more successful in this regard in Britain (eight top ten hits between 1965 and 1967) than in the United States (“I…

Tom T. Hall: …the comic all-star bluegrass film Who Shot Lester Monroe? (2009), featuring the Halls and their friends. Hall was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame (2008) and the Songwriters Hall of Fame (2019).

After the glitzy red-carpet arrivals, the feel-good montages, and the host’s opening roast, the Oscars ceremony switches to its raison d’être: revealing the previous year’s highest achievers in cinema. One after another, the presenters list the nominees, open a lavish envelope, and reveal the

American Broadcasting Company: Focus on television: …with prime-time series such as Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (1999–2002, 2009), Lost (2004–10), Desperate Housewives (2004–12), Grey’s Anatomy (2005– ), and Dancing with the Stars (2005– ), along with long-running daytime dramas such as One Life to Live

The 2025 installment in Netflix’s Monster series tells the story of one of the United States’ most notorious criminals: Ed Gein. In the 1950s he gained worldwide notoriety after it was discovered that he had murdered two women and robbed graves, using body parts to make household items. Although

Nemesio Rubén Oseguera Cervantes, notoriously known as “El Mencho,” was the leader of the Cartel de Jalisco Nueva Generación (CJNG; Jalisco New Generation Cartel), one of Mexico’s most powerful and violent criminal organizations. On February 22, 2026, Mexican military forces killed him during an

A.N. Wilson: …the sometimes outrageous comedy of Who Was Oswald Fish? (1981) and Scandal (1983) to the black comedy of The Healing Art (1980), Wise Virgin (1982), The Vicar of Sorrows (1993), and My Name Is Legion (2004). His other novels included works set in the past, such as Gentleman in England…

Renee Nicole Macklin Good was an American citizen and mother who was shot and killed on January 7, 2026, in an altercation with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Read more: The 2025-26 immigration action in Minnesota. Good, 37, was the mother of three

George Sidney: Later work: …films was the light comedy Who Was That Lady? (1960), which featured the amusing team of Dean Martin and Tony Curtis. Bye Bye Birdie (1963) was a lively version of the Broadway blockbuster that was inspired by Elvis Presley’s army induction; it starred Ann-Margret and Dick Van Dyke.

Let’s say you’re looking to get rich quick. Would you sell your belongings? Play the lottery? Head to Las Vegas? Would you jump off Niagara Falls? In 1901 62-year-old dance teacher Annie Edson Taylor was looking for cash. The method? Performing a daredevil stunt so fantastic that she’d be

When Hillary Clinton, running as the first female presidential candidate of a major political party, won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote in the 2016 election, the glass ceiling preventing women from reaching the White House’s Oval Office trembled but didn’t break. Kamala

The Statue of Liberty is one of the most iconic sculptures in the Western world and is often seen as a symbol of American freedom. Designed and sculpted by French sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, France donated this colossal statue to the United States in 1875 to commemorate their alliance

In the context of the Israel-Hamas War and the Gaza Strip, Yasser Abu Shabab was the leader of a Palestinian militia based in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip that opposed Hamas. The core members of Abu Shabab’s militia belonged to a clan within the Tarabin Bedouin tribe, primarily known for its

In 1167 CE Benjamin of Tudela, a Spanish rabbi, visited Syria on a 13-year journey through the Middle East and Asia. His description of Syria includes what is probably the first European account of a group that would provoke horror and fascination in the West: the Assassins. Benjamin described a

St. Peter, the rock upon which the Christian Church was built, was the first pope, and in many ways, he stands in a class by himself. Jesus dubbed Peter—originally named Simon—Cephas (“Rock” from Aramaic Kepa), which would become Petros (Peter) in Greek. In the Gospel of Matthew (16:18), Jesus

It’s a well-known political rule: the incumbent has the advantage. After all, why wouldn’t citizens favor someone they already know over an untested newcomer? Still, not everyone can follow in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s footsteps and inspire a new rule on term limits. Here are the stories of seven

If you’re brainstorming family-friendly activities for your next reunion, kicking and punching are likely not the first options that come to mind. One American family, however, might think otherwise. From the 1950s to the early 1990s the Von Erich family—a father and five of his sons—were a

The United States is generally considered to have won the Space Race. The Space Race was a fierce rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, defined by major milestones in space exploration. The Soviet Union initially took the lead by launching Sputnik 1, the first artificial

“Let there be light.” “My brother’s keeper.” “Fight the good fight.” A number of the most well-known phrases in the English language originated not in novels, plays, or poems but in a seminal translation of the Bible, the King James Version (KJV), which was published in 1611 at the behest of King

Juliette Binoche: …Celle que vous croyez (2019; Who You Think I Am), in which a middle-aged professor pretends to be a younger woman on social media; and La bonne épouse (2020; How to Be a Good Wife), a satire about the patriarchy in 1960s France. In 2022 she appeared in several movies,…

Creedence Clearwater Revival: …Moon Rising” (1969) and “Who’ll Stop the Rain” (1970) evoked the Vietnam War and civil discord without explicitly referring to those events; “Fortunate Son” (1969) was a furious blast at wealth and status. From the beginning of 1969 until the end of 1970, Creedence ruled the American pop charts.…

Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, American dramatic film, released in 1966, that was an adaptation of Edward Albee’s shocking play of the same name. The acclaimed movie—which marked Mike Nichols’s film directorial debut—won 5 of the 13 Academy Awards it was nominated for; each of the four main

Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, play in three acts by Edward Albee, published, produced, and debuted on Broadway in 1962. The action takes place in the living room of a middle-aged couple, George and Martha, who have come home from a faculty party drunk and quarrelsome. When Nick, a young biology

Carol Burnett: …number of motion pictures, including Who’s Been Sleeping in My Bed? (1963), Pete ’n’ Tillie (1972), The Four Seasons (1981), and Annie (1982). She displayed her dramatic skill in the television movie Friendly Fire (1979), for which she received an Emmy nomination. Aside from her work on The Carol Burnett…

Frank Tashlin: Films of the 1960s: Lewis also starred in Who’s Minding the Store? (1963), this time as an inept department-store clerk with a crush on an elevator operator (Jill St. John). Danny Kaye had the lead in The Man from the Diners’ Club (1963), which was based on a screenplay by William Peter Blatty,…

Pete Townshend: The Who: …with the critically acclaimed album Who’s Next (1971), which included the rock anthems “Won’t Get Fooled Again” and “Baba O’Riley,” and the double-album rock opera Quadrophenia (1973), featuring the tracks “The Real Me” and “Love, Reign o’er Me.” Townshend released his first solo album, Who Came First, in 1972, opening…

Connie Francis: Early life and career: However, “Who’s Sorry Now,” a 1920s standard that she had recorded in 1957 as a rock ballad, became a hit the following year after it was championed by Dick Clark on his American Bandstand television show.

Stanley Tucci: Early life and career: …roles in such movies as Who’s That Girl (1987), Monkey Shines (1988), and Slaves of New York (1989). His first television appearance was in a 1987 episode of the NBC drama Crime Story. He then had recurring roles in Miami Vice between 1986 and 1988, Wiseguy between 1988 and 1989,…

Martin Scorsese: Early life and work: Scorsese’s first theatrical film, Who’s That Knocking at My Door (1967), was an intimate portrayal of life in the streets of Little Italy. Harvey Keitel (who went on to do several more films with Scorsese throughout his career) starred as Scorsese’s alter ego, a streetwise but sensitive Italian American…

Who’s Who, any of numerous biographical dictionaries that give brief and pertinent information about prominent living persons who are distinguished in a particular field or by official position or public standing and who have, in most cases, supplied data about themselves through publisher

Moths do not get the adoration of their butterfly counterparts, but their beauty is no less dazzling. Many people are unaware that the vast majority of the 180,000 Lepidopteran species on Earth are moths, not butterflies or skippers, and that the entire group is in decline. To give moths some time

Who’s Who in America, biographical dictionary that provides brief and pertinent information about prominent living persons in the United States. Most of the material is self-reported, supplied through publisher questionnaires. In 1849 the world’s first Who’s Who was published in London. It was a

Who’s Who in America, biographical dictionary that provides brief and pertinent information about prominent living persons in the United States. Most of the material is self-reported, supplied through publisher questionnaires. In 1849 the world’s first Who’s Who was published in London. It was a

The third season (2025) of Monster, Netflix’s true-crime anthology series, focuses on one of the most notorious killers in American history: Ed Gein. Known as the “Butcher of Plainfield,” he made national headlines in 1957 when authorities uncovered his gruesome crimes—two murders and a series of

The magic and enchantment of the wizarding world of Harry Potter, created by author J.K. Rowling, have endured the test of time. Since the first title, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, released in 1997, more than 600 million copies of the seven books in the series have been sold globally,

Since 1949 NASCAR has been crowning a season champion, using a scoring system that awards drivers points in each race in the Cup Series. While a number of drivers have won multiple championships, three are in a league (or lane) of their own: Richard Petty, Dale Earnhardt, and Jimmie Johnson. Each

First presented in 1929, the Academy Awards are among the most prestigious prizes in the film industry. Competition is fierce, and a number of individuals have won multiple awards. With 22 Oscars, producer Walt Disney holds the record for the most wins; he was also the recipient of four special or

First awarded in 1893, the Stanley Cup is the oldest trophy in North American professional sports. It was originally given to “the championship hockey club of the Dominion of Canada,” but since 1926 it has been presented to the winner of the NHL’s championship series. Which team has hoisted the

The biggest game in the NFL is the Super Bowl, and the biggest prize is the Vince Lombardi Trophy, which is given to the winners. Two teams have hoisted the trophy a record-setting six times: the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers. Close behind are the Dallas Cowboys and San Francisco

the Who, British rock group that was among the most popular and influential bands of the 1960s and ’70s and that originated the rock opera. The principal members were Pete Townshend (b. May 19, 1945, London, England), Roger Daltrey (b. March 1, 1944, London), John Entwistle (b. October 9, 1944,

Barnstable: …is the home of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Marine Biological Laboratory. In November 1620, before landing at Plymouth, the Pilgrims sheltered at what is now Provincetown, where they signed the Mayflower Compact. The main Indian inhabitants were the Nausets and Wampanoags. Mashpee is the

François Hédelin, abbé d’Aubignac: …La Pratique du théâtre (1657; The Whole Art of the Stage, 1684), was commissioned by Richelieu and is based on the idea that the action on stage must have credibility (vraisemblance) in the eyes of the audience. Aubignac proposed, among other things, that the whole play should take place as…

blood transfusion: Transfusion procedures and blood storage: …its use in specialized forms:

Bay Psalm Book, (1640), perhaps the oldest book now in existence that was published in British North America. It was prepared by Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on a press set up by Stephen Day, it included a dissertation on the lawfulness and

Bay Psalm Book, (1640), perhaps the oldest book now in existence that was published in British North America. It was prepared by Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on a press set up by Stephen Day, it included a dissertation on the lawfulness and

Bay Psalm Book, (1640), perhaps the oldest book now in existence that was published in British North America. It was prepared by Puritan leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Printed in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on a press set up by Stephen Day, it included a dissertation on the lawfulness and

copra: Whole copra, also called ball or edible copra, is produced by the less common drying of the intact, whole nut kernel.

Samuel, baron von Pufendorf: Career in Sweden: …an excerpt from it, titled The Whole Duty of Man According to the Law of Nature, in which Pufendorf departed from the traditional approach of the medieval theologians to natural law and based it on man’s existence as a social being (socialitas). He argued that every individual has a right…

The WELL, long-standing Internet community that features message-board-style discussions on a wide variety of topics. Founded by Americans Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant, The WELL’s origins trace back to 1985, when it began as a dial-up bulletin board system (BBS) located in San Francisco. Since

Internet: The WELL: …as an extension of his Whole Earth Catalog, the WELL was one of the first electronic communities organized around forums dedicated to particular subjects such as parenting and Grateful Dead concerts. The latter were an especially popular topic of online conversation, but it was in the parenting forum where a…

Whole Foods Market, the largest American chain of supermarkets that specializes in natural and organic foods. It operates stores in the United States and also in Canada and the United Kingdom. Corporate headquarters are in Austin, Texas. In 2017 Whole Foods was acquired by Amazon.com. The first

whole genome sequencing, the act of deducing the complete nucleic acid sequence of the genetic code, or genome, of an organism or organelle (specifically, the mitochondrion or chloroplast). The first whole genome sequencing efforts, carried out in 1976 and 1977, focused respectively on the

whole genome sequencing: Sequencing methods: from genes to genomes: …using instead an approach called whole genome shotgun sequencing. This approach avoided the time and expense needed to create physical maps and provided more-rapid access to the DNA sequence.

meat processing: Hogs: In whole hog sausage production all the skeletal meat is trimmed off the carcass, and therefore the carcass is routinely skinned following exsanguination.

life insurance: Whole life insurance, which runs for the whole of the insured’s life, is established with a fixed premium and a fixed payout amount. Most whole life contracts also accumulate a cash value that is paid when the contract matures or is surrendered; the cash value…

Jerry Lee Lewis: The Killer: …on Sun Records with “Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On,” “Great Balls of Fire,” and “Breathless,” all Top Ten hits in 1957 and 1958. His rhythmically assured and versatile “pumping” piano style (the left hand maintaining a driving boogie pattern while the right hand added flashy ornamentation) was influenced by…

Wilco: …first album for the label, The Whole Love (2011), opened with an adventurous seven-minute sound collage, “Art of Almost,” and closed with a 12-minute meditation, “One Sunday Morning (Song for Jane Smiley’s Boyfriend).” In between were more concise examples of Tweedy’s songwriting range, from Beatles-inspired chamber pop to autumnal folk,…

Reynolds Price: …up in North Carolina, and A Whole New Life (1994), which recounts his illness.

Tim Rice: Later career: Chess, Disney, and Elton John: …Alan Menken; their song “A Whole New World” won an Academy Award as well as two Grammys. Rice had continued success with The Lion King (1994), collaborating with singer-songwriter Elton John on various songs, notably the Oscar-winning “Can You Feel the Love Tonight.” The two men also worked on…

Matthew Perry: Other credits: The Whole Nine Yards and The West Wing: More successful was The Whole Nine Yards (2000), a popular comedy in which he played a dentist whose new neighbor (Bruce Willis) is a gangster. He reprised the role in the 2004 sequel, The Whole Ten Yards.

natural number, any number in the set of positive integers {1, 2, 3…} and sometimes zero. The term natural likely refers to humanity’s innate understanding and use of positive discrete values. Sometimes called “counting numbers,” natural numbers predate recorded history, as it is believed that

Matthew Perry: Other credits: The Whole Nine Yards and The West Wing: …role in the 2004 sequel, The Whole Ten Yards.

Edward G. Robinson: The Whole Town’s Talking (1935), in which he played the dual roles of a timid bank clerk and a ruthless hoodlum, showed Robinson capable of fine understated comedy, whereas in Bullets or Ballots (1936) he at last got to play somebody on the right side…

Keanu Reeves: The Matrix and John Wick series: Reeves’s later films include The Whole Truth (2016), To the Bone (2017), Destination Wedding (2018), and Always Be My Maybe (2019). In 2020 he returned to his first movie franchise, starring in the well-received Bill & Ted Face the Music. Reeves turned to another iconic series when he reprised…

Vincent D’Onofrio: Early career: …pulp magazine Weird Tales in The Whole Wide World (1996). He had a particularly memorable turn as an alien-occupied yokel in the cult classic Men in Black (1997).

Samuel A. Alito, Jr.: Dissenting opinions joined by Alito: …to obtain an abortion (Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt [2016]).

Germaine Greer: In 1999 she published The Whole Woman, in which she criticized many of the supposed gains of the women’s movement as being handed down by the male establishment. Her revisionist biography of Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare’s Wife (2007), casts doubt on earlier portrayals of Hathaway as being little more than…

phonics: …challenged by proponents of “whole-language” instruction, a process in which children are introduced to whole words at a time, are taught using real literature rather than reading exercises, and are encouraged to keep journals in which “creative” spelling is permitted. A strong backlash against whole-language teaching polarized these two…

whole-tone scale, in music, a scalar arrangement of pitches, each separated from the next by a whole-tone step (or whole step), in contradistinction to the chromatic scale, which consists of half steps (or semitones), and the various diatonic scales, such as major scales and most minor scales,

baking: Whole wheat bread: Whole wheat bread, using a meal made substantially from the entire wheat kernel instead of flour, is a dense, rather tough, dark product. Breads sold as wheat or part-whole-wheat products contain a mixture of whole grain meal with sufficient white flour to…

flour: …wheat flours generally available includes whole wheat, or graham, flour, made from the entire wheat kernel and often unbleached; gluten flour, a starch-free, high-protein, whole wheat flour; all-purpose flour, refined (separated from bran and germ), bleached or unbleached, and suitable for any recipe not requiring a special flour; cake flour,…

quilting: Early quilts: …may be two large 14th-century wholecloth (i.e., entire, not pieced) Sicilian pieces whose whitework surfaces are heavily embellished with trapunto, also known as corded or stuffed quilting. One quilt is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the other in the Bargello Museum in Florence. Both…

marketing: Off-price retailers: Warehouse (or wholesale) clubs operate out of enormous, low-cost facilities and charge patrons an annual membership fee. They sell a limited selection of brand-name grocery items, appliances, clothing, and miscellaneous items at a deep discount. These warehouse stores, such as Walmart-owned Sam’s Club and Costco…

wholesale price index, measure of changes in the prices charged by manufacturers and wholesalers. Wholesale price indexes measure the changes in commodity prices at a selected stage or stages before goods reach the retail level; the prices may be those charged by manufacturers to wholesalers or by

wholesaling, the selling of merchandise to anyone other than a retail customer. The merchandise may be sold to a retailer, a wholesaler, or to an enterprise that will use it for business, rather than individual, purposes. Wholesaling usually, but not necessarily, involves sales in quantity and at a

Lethbridge: A replica of Fort Whoop-Up (1860), once notorious for its whisky trade with the Indians, stands in Indian Battle Park on the Oldman River. The park marks the site of the last great encounter (1870) between the Cree and the Blackfoot Indians prior to a peace treaty (1871).…

whooping cough, acute, highly communicable respiratory disease characterized in its typical form by paroxysms of coughing followed by a long-drawn inspiration, or “whoop.” The coughing ends with the expulsion of clear sticky mucus and often with vomiting. Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium

infectious disease: Pertussis vaccine: The number of cases of pertussis (whooping cough), a serious disease that is frequently fatal in infancy, can be dramatically reduced by the use of the pertussis vaccine. The pertussis immunizing agent is included in the DPT vaccine. Active immunity can be induced…

whooping crane, (Grus americana), tallest American bird and one of the world’s rarest. At the beginning of the 21st century fewer than 300 whooping cranes remained in the wild. Most are part of a flock that migrates between Texas and Canada. Almost all the rest are part of a mainly nonmigrating

Burger King Corporation: A large hamburger called the Whopper is Burger King’s signature product. The Whopper was introduced in 1957, at a time when its competitor McDonald’s was still selling only small hamburgers. The chain took a new direction by adding hot dogs to the menu in 2016.

Ken Russell: … (1980), Crimes of Passion (1984), Whore (1991), and the musical horror-comedy The Fall of the Louse of Usher (2002).

whore of Babylon, in Christianity, a portentous figure described in the apocalyptic Revelation to John. She is seen as analogous to the pagan nations and governments considered in direct opposition to the Christian faith, particularly the imperial city of Rome. The whore of Babylon is disclosed to

Whorfian hypothesis, in linguistics, a hypothesis given classic form by the American linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf stating that language influences thought and perception of reality. It is also called linguistic relativity, because it focuses on how different languages lead to differences in

Benjamin Lee Whorf was a U.S. linguist noted for his hypotheses regarding the relation of language to thinking and cognition and for his studies of Hebrew and Hebrew ideas, of Mayan languages and dialects, and of Uto-Aztecan languages, including Nahuatl dialects and the Hopi language. Under the

Whorfian hypothesis, in linguistics, a hypothesis given classic form by the American linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf stating that language influences thought and perception of reality. It is also called linguistic relativity, because it focuses on how different languages lead to differences in

gastropod: The shell: Generally, the coils, or whorls, added later in life are larger than those added when the snail is young. At the end of the last whorl is the aperture, or opening. The shell is secreted along the outer lip of the aperture by the fleshy part of the animal…

angiosperm: Leaves: A plant has whorled leaves when there are three or more equally spaced leaves at a node.

Samuel Beckett: Production of Beckett’s major works: …slim volumes of poetry are Whoroscope (1930), a poem on the French philosopher René Descartes, and the collection Echo’s Bones (1935). A number of short stories and poems were scattered in various periodicals. He wrote the novel Dream of Fair to Middling Women in the mid-1930s, but it remained incomplete…

bilberry, (Vaccinium myrtillus), low-growing deciduous shrub belonging to the heath family (Ericaceae). It is found in woods and on heaths, chiefly in hilly districts of Great Britain, northern Europe, and Asia. The fruits are a principal food of the grouse and are used for tarts and preserves. The

Lord Peter Wimsey: Sayers in Whose Body? (1923).

Alasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and later works: MacIntyre argued in Whose Justice? Which Rationality? (1988) and Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry (1990) that justification of such large-scale viewpoints must proceed historically: in order to assess the rationality of adherence to large-scale viewpoints—MacIntyre called them “traditions”—one must look to the history of their development. Traditions…

Richard Dreyfuss: 1980s: …Fix (1978), The Competition (1980), Whose Life Is It Anyway? (1981), and The Buddy System (1983), but his career had declined, and he suffered from a well-publicized problem with drug addiction. He made a strong comeback costarring with Bette Midler and Nick Nolte in the Paul Mazursky comedy Down and…

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum complex in Agra, Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture (a blend of Indian, Persian, and Islamic styles) and is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (reigned 1628–58)