Japanese art: Sculpture: …construction of Tōdai Temple is Hokkedō, also known as Sangatsudō, located at the eastern edge of the Tōdai complex. Tradition suggests that Hokkedō, the oldest building in the Tōdai complex, may have been the temple of the monk Rōben, who, working in tandem with Emperor Shōmu, was the driving force…

Ecuador: Relief: … (17,451 feet [5,319 metres]), and Sangay (17,158 feet [5,230 metres]). These are included in two ranges connected at intervals by transversal mountain chains, between which are large isolated valleys or basins, called hoyas.

Ecuador: Sports and recreation: …parks and nature preserves, including Sangay National Park in the central Andes (a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1983), are increasingly used for picnicking, mountaineering, and fishing. Ecuador’s Olympic participation began at the 1924 Summer Games in Paris. The country’s first Olympic medal, gold in the 20-km walk, was won…

Lobsang Sangay is a Tibetan scholar and political leader who became prime minister in the Tibetan Central Administration, the Tibetan government-in-exile, in 2011. He was both the first non-monk and the first person born outside Tibet to hold the position. Sangay was born in a refugee camp for

Sanniquellie, town, north-central Liberia, located at the intersection of roads from Monrovia and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). A rural administrative centre among the Mano and Malinke (Mandingo), Sanniquellie has secondary schools and the George W. Harley Memorial Hospital. There is local trade in

Madhubala: Breakthrough with Mahal and subsequent projects: …together again in the popular Sangdil (1952; “Heartless”), a loose adaptation of Charlotte Brontë’s novel Jane Eyre, and in the drama Amar (1954; “Immortal”), which was not a commercial success.

recombinant DNA: Methods: and Walter Gilbert, and the Sanger method, discovered by English biochemist Frederick Sanger. In the most commonly used method, the Sanger method, DNA chains are synthesized on a template strand, but chain growth is stopped when one of four possible dideoxy nucleotides, which lack a 3′ hydroxyl group, is incorporated,…

Eugen Sänger was a German rocket propulsion engineer whose projected “antipodal bomber,” with a range far greater than that made possible by its fuel capacity alone, greatly interested the major Western governments and the Soviet Union at the end of World War II. The development of long-range

Frederick Sanger was an English biochemist who was twice the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He was awarded the prize in 1958 for his determination of the structure of the insulin molecule. He shared the prize (with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert) in 1980 for his determination of base

George Sanger was an English circus impresario who was the proprietor, with his brother John Sanger, of one of England’s biggest circuses in the 19th century. (See also circus: 19th-century developments.) Sanger was an assistant in his father’s touring peep show. In 1853 he and his brother formed

John Sanger was an English circus impresario who was, with his brother George Sanger, the proprietor of one of the largest and most important English circuses in the 19th century. (See also circus: 19th-century developments.) Sanger was an assistant in his father’s touring peep show, and he and his

Wikipedia: Origin and growth: …a free online encyclopedia, with Larry Sanger as editor in chief. Nupedia was organized like existing encyclopedias, with an advisory board of experts and a lengthy review process. By January 2001 fewer than two dozen articles were finished, and Sanger advocated supplementing Nupedia with an open-source encyclopedia based on wiki…

Margaret Sanger was the founder of the birth control movement in the United States and an international leader in the field. She is credited with originating the term birth control. Sanger was the sixth of 11 children. She attended Claverack College and then took nurse’s training in New York at the

West Java: …west to east includes Mounts Sanggabuana, Gede, Pangrango, Kendang, and Cereme. The highest of these peaks rise to elevations of about 10,000 feet (3,000 metres). A series of these volcanoes cluster to form a great tangle of upland that includes the Priangan plateau, which has an elevation of about 1,000…

Sanggan River, river in Shanxi and Hebei provinces, part of the Hai River system, northwestern China. The Sanggan River is formed from source streams that rise close to Ningwu, near the Great Wall of China, and flows across the dry plateau of northern Shanxi. After running northeast in a trough

Sanggan River, river in Shanxi and Hebei provinces, part of the Hai River system, northwestern China. The Sanggan River is formed from source streams that rise close to Ningwu, near the Great Wall of China, and flows across the dry plateau of northern Shanxi. After running northeast in a trough

sangha, Buddhist monastic order, traditionally composed of four groups: monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen. The sangha is a part—together with the Buddha and the dharma (teaching)—of the Threefold Refuge, a basic creed of Buddhism. The sangha originated in the group of disciples who renounced the

Sangha River, tributary of the Congo River, formed by the Mambéré and Kadeï headstreams at Nola, southwestern Central African Republic. The Sangha River flows 140 miles (225 km) south to Ouesso in Congo (Brazzaville), forming part of Cameroon’s border with the Central African Republic and Congo.

Sri Lanka: Conversion to Buddhism: Mahendra sent for his sister Sanghamitta, who arrived with a branch of the Bo tree (at Bodh Gaya), under which the Buddha had attained enlightenment. The sapling was ceremonially planted in the city. Sanghamitta founded an order of nuns, and a stupa (shrine), the Thuparamacetiya, was built by the king…

Sānghar, town, Sindh province, southern Pakistan. The town is connected by road with the cities of Hyderābād, Karāchi, and Sukkur. Sānghar is a market town and has several cotton-textile factories. The surrounding area consists chiefly of semiarid land, a part of the great Thar Desert, and some

Southeast Asian arts: Balinese dance-drama: The sanghyang dance is usually performed by two young girls who gradually go into a state of trance as women sing in chorus and incense is wafted about them. Supposedly entered by the spirit of the nymph Supraba, the girls rise and dance, often acrobatically, though…

Sangihe Islands, archipelago off the northeastern tip of Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia. The islands, with a total area of 408 square miles (1,056 square km), extend northward from Celebes for about 160 miles (260 km) and define most of the eastern limit of the Celebes Sea. They are administered

Sangihe Islands, archipelago off the northeastern tip of Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia. The islands, with a total area of 408 square miles (1,056 square km), extend northward from Celebes for about 160 miles (260 km) and define most of the eastern limit of the Celebes Sea. They are administered

Sangihe Islands, archipelago off the northeastern tip of Celebes (Sulawesi), Indonesia. The islands, with a total area of 408 square miles (1,056 square km), extend northward from Celebes for about 160 miles (260 km) and define most of the eastern limit of the Celebes Sea. They are administered

Diet: …of Representatives (Shūgiin) and the House of Councillors (Sangiin). The latter takes the place of the old House of Peers and has a membership of 248 consisting of two categories: 100 councillors elected from the nation at large with the remaining 148 elected as prefectural representatives. Every voter may cast…

South Asian arts: Further development of the grama-ragas: The mammoth 13th-century text Sangitaratnakara (“Ocean of Music and Dance”), composed by the theorist Sharngadeva, is often said to be one of the most important landmarks in Indian music history. It was composed in the Deccan (south-central India) shortly before the conquest of this region by the Muslim invaders…

Norodom Sihanouk: He founded the Sangkum Reastr Niyum (“People’s Socialist Community”) in January 1955, won a referendum in February approving its program, and on March 2 abdicated in favour of his father, Norodom Suramarit, becoming the new monarch’s prime minister, foreign minister, and subsequently permanent representative to the United Nations.…

Sangli, city, southern Maharashtra state, western India. It lies in a upland region along the Krishna River, about 20 miles (32 km) east-northeast of Kolhapur. Sangli is the former capital (1761–1947) of Sangli state. The city’s original name was Sahagalli—from the Marathi terms saha (“six”) and

Chakma, largest of the indigenous populations of Bangladesh, also settled in parts of northeastern India and in Myanmar (Burma). Their Indo-Aryan language has its own script, but the Chakma writing system has given way, for the most part, to Bengali script. The earliest history of the Chakma people

Nationalist Congress Party: Formation: (Congress Party)—Sharad Pawar, Purno Sangma, and Tariq Anwar—after they had been expelled from that party for demanding that only a person born in India should be allowed to become the country’s president, vice president, or prime minister. The issue arose after Sonia Gandhi, the Italian-born widow of former…

creole languages: Examples from Africa include Sango, a creole based on the Ngbandi language and spoken in the Central African Republic; Kinubi, based on the Arabic language and spoken in Uganda; and Kikongo-Kituba and Lingala, which are based on Kikongo-Kimanyanga and Bobangi,

Kūkai: …his first major work, the Sangō shiiki (“Essentials of the Three Teachings”), in which he proclaimed the superiority of Buddhism over Confucianism and Taoism. Buddhism, he wrote, contained everything that was worthwhile in the other two beliefs, and it also showed more concern than either for man’s existence after death.…

Sangoan industry, sub-Saharan African stone tool industry of Acheulean derivation dating from about 130,000 to 10,000 years ago. It is more or less contemporaneous with the Fauresmith industry of southern Africa. The Sangoan industry was discovered in 1920 at Sango Bay, Uganda, and is also found in

sangoma, highly respected healer among the Zulu people of South Africa who diagnoses, prescribes, and often performs the rituals to heal a person physically, mentally, emotionally, or spiritually. The sangoma may address all of these realms in the healing process, which usually involves divination,

Sangre de Cristo Mountains, segment of the southern Rocky Mountains in the United States, extending south-southeastward for about 250 miles (400 km) from Poncha Pass, in south-central Colorado, to the low divide southwest of Las Vegas, New Mexico. Usually considered an extension of the Front Range,

Ramón López Velarde: His first book of poems, La sangre devota (1916; “Devout Blood”), treats the simplicity of country life, the tension between sensuality and spirituality, and the poet’s love for his cousin Fuensanta (Josefa de los Ríos); the language is often complex and full of daring imagery. In Zozobra (1919; “Anguish”) the…

bullfighting: Bullfighting and the arts: …is Sangre y arena (1909; Blood and Sand, 1922), by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, which was adapted for film many times, arguably the most famous version starring Rita Hayworth and Tyrone Power (1941). The best-known poem of Federico García Lorca is Llanto por Ignacio Sánchez Mejías (1935; Eng. trans. Lament for…

wine: Flavoured wines: Sangria, a popular punch in many Spanish-speaking countries, is made with red or white wine mixed with sugar and plain or sparkling water, flavoured with citrus fruit, and served chilled. Mulled wine is usually made with red wine diluted with water, sweetened with sugar, flavoured…

Abruzzi: principal rivers (the Tronto, Pescara, Sangro, and Trigno) drain to the Adriatic, providing irrigation in their lower courses. The course of these streams is irregular, and, because of massive deforestation on the upper slopes, floods and landslides occur frequently during the spring and fall rains.

Sangrur, town, southeastern Punjab state, northwestern India. It is situated about 30 miles (50 km west-southwest of Patiala. The town was founded in the 17th century and became the capital of the former princely state of Jind. In 1948 it acceded to the Indian union along with other princely states

Tibet: The unification of Tibet: …completed by another great figure, Sangs-rgyas-rgya-mtsho, who in 1679 succeeded as minister regent just before the death of his patron the fifth Dalai Lama. By then a soundly based and unified government had been established over a wider extent than any for eight centuries.

Margaret Elizabeth Munson Sangster was an American writer and editor, noted in her day for her stories and books that mingled Christian devotion with homely wisdom. Margaret Munson was an avid reader from an early age. She turned easily to writing, and her first published story, “Little Janey”

Sanguan, in Chinese Daoism, the Three Officials: Tianguan, official of heaven who bestows happiness; Diguan, official of earth who grants remission of sins; and Shuiguan, official of water who averts misfortune. The Chinese theatre did much to popularize Tianguan by introducing a skit before each

Fra Angelico: Years at the priory of San Marco: …well as his earliest collaborator, Battista Sanguigni. The hand of Fra Angelico himself is identifiable in the first 10 cells on the eastern side. Three subjects merit particular attention: a Resurrection, a coronation of the Virgin, and, especially, a gentle Annunciation, presented on a bare white gallery, with St. Peter…

bloodroot, (Sanguinaria canadensis), plant of the poppy family (Papaveraceae), native throughout eastern and midwestern North America. It grows in deciduous woodlands, where it blooms in early spring, and is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental. The orange-red sap of the rhizomes was formerly used

bloodroot: …also contain the medical alkaloid sanguinarine. Although the plant is considered toxic, overcollection for use as an herbal medicine and unfounded cancer treatment has depleted wild populations throughout much of its native range.

sanguine, chalk or crayon drawing done in a blood-red, reddish, or flesh colouring. The pigment employed is usually a chalk or clay containing some form of iron oxide. Sanguine was used extensively by 15th- and 16th-century artists such as Leonardo da Vinci (who employed it in his sketches for the

humour: …produced a person who was sanguine (Latin sanguis, “blood”), phlegmatic, choleric, or melancholic. Each complexion had specific characteristics, and the words carried much weight that they have since lost: e.g., the choleric man was not only quick to anger but also yellow-faced, lean, hairy, proud, ambitious, revengeful, and shrewd. By…

Uruguay: Civilian government: Julio María Sanguinetti, a Colorado Batllista, was elected president in November 1984 and inaugurated the following March. Sanguinetti attempted to appease the military—and to safeguard against a coup—by sponsoring a general amnesty (1986), despite calls for criminal trials. Uruguay’s enormous foreign debt inhibited economic recovery,…

burnet, (genus Sanguisorba), genus of about 35 species of perennial herbs in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to the north temperate zone. Some species—notably the garden, or salad, burnet (Sanguisorba minor) and the great burnet (S. officinalis)—are eaten in salads or used as an ingredient in

burnet: …garden, or salad, burnet (Sanguisorba minor) and the great burnet (S. officinalis)—are eaten in salads or used as an ingredient in fines herbes, a mixture of herbs commonly used in French cuisine. The dried leaves are also used to make tea.

Three Kingdoms, (220–280 ce), trio of warring Chinese states—Wei, Shu-Han, and Wu—that followed the demise of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce). In 25 ce, after a brief period of disruption, the great Han empire had been reconstituted as the Dong (Eastern) Han. However, by the end of the 2nd

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, novel traditionally attributed to the 14th-century Chinese writer Luo Guanzhong. Spanning more than a century of Chinese history that includes the era of the Three Kingdoms, this epic saga of the last days of the Han dynasty is a compilation of history and legend

Romance of the Three Kingdoms, novel traditionally attributed to the 14th-century Chinese writer Luo Guanzhong. Spanning more than a century of Chinese history that includes the era of the Three Kingdoms, this epic saga of the last days of the Han dynasty is a compilation of history and legend

Pamirs: Climate: …western valleys; the village of Sangvor, for example, at an elevation of 7,000 feet (2,100 metres), has a snow cover of up to 4 feet (1.2 metres) from November to April. The growing season lasts 200 days in Sangvor but reaches 230 days in the deep valley of the Panj…

Guinea-Bissau: Independence of Guinea-Bissau: …that the two front-runners—the PAIGC’s Malam Bacai Sanhá, who once briefly served as interim president, and former president Kumba Ialá—would face each other in a runoff election. In the second round of voting, held on July 26, 2009, Sanhá was victorious, receiving more than three-fifths of the vote.

Islamic world: The Ṣanhājah confederation: One particular western Saharan Amazigh confederation, the Ṣanhājah, was responsible for the first Amazigh-directed effort to control the Maghrib. The Ṣanhājah were camel herders who traded mined salt for gold with the black kingdoms of the south. By the 11th century their power…

sanhedrin, any of several official Jewish councils in Palestine under Roman rule, to which various political, religious, and judicial functions have been attributed. Taken from the Greek word for council (synedrion), the term was apparently applied to various bodies but became especially the

sanhedrin, any of several official Jewish councils in Palestine under Roman rule, to which various political, religious, and judicial functions have been attributed. Taken from the Greek word for council (synedrion), the term was apparently applied to various bodies but became especially the

Sanibel Island, barrier island, Lee county, southwestern Florida, U.S., about 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Fort Myers. It lies between the Intracoastal Waterway (north) and the Gulf of Mexico (south) and is connected to the mainland by a causeway. The island is about 12 miles (20 km) long and 3

sanidine, alkali feldspar mineral, a high-temperature form of potassium aluminosilicate (KAlSi3O8) that sometimes occurs in surface rocks. Sanidine forms colourless or white, glassy, transparent crystals in acidic volcanic rocks. Because sanidine that occurs in the Earth’s crust has cooled quickly

sanidinite facies, one of the major divisions of the mineral facies classification of metamorphic rocks, the rocks of which form under the most intense conditions of contact metamorphism—either at the contacts of igneous intrusions with the surrounding rocks or in inclusions of other rocks in

Mikhail Petrovich Artsybashev: …famous work is the novel Sanin (Eng. trans. Sanin, or Sanine), which he began in 1901. It was serialized in 1907 and published in book form a year later. In this novel, the antihero Sanin adopts a lifestyle of selfish and cynical hedonism in response to society’s insoluble problems. Artsybashev’s…

Saint Joseph of Volokolamsk ; canonized 1578; feast day September 9) was a Russian Orthodox abbot and theologian whose monastic reform emphasized strict community life and social work. Joseph’s monastic career came into prominence at the monastery at Borovsk, a wealthy religious foundation

Mikhail Petrovich Artsybashev: …famous work is the novel Sanin (Eng. trans. Sanin, or Sanine), which he began in 1901. It was serialized in 1907 and published in book form a year later. In this novel, the antihero Sanin adopts a lifestyle of selfish and cynical hedonism in response to society’s insoluble problems. Artsybashev’s…

Sanniquellie, town, north-central Liberia, located at the intersection of roads from Monrovia and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). A rural administrative centre among the Mano and Malinke (Mandingo), Sanniquellie has secondary schools and the George W. Harley Memorial Hospital. There is local trade in

environmental engineering, the development of processes and infrastructure for the supply of water, the disposal of waste, and the control of pollution of all kinds. These endeavours protect public health by preventing disease transmission, and they preserve the quality of the environment by

sanitary landfill, method of controlled disposal of municipal solid waste (refuse) on land. The method was introduced in England in 1912 (where it is called controlled tipping). Waste is deposited in thin layers (up to 1 metre, or 3 feet) and promptly compacted by heavy machinery (e.g.,

paper: Types: kraft, paperboard, and sanitary.

wastewater treatment: Types of sewage: …types of wastewater, or sewage: domestic sewage, industrial sewage, and storm sewage. Domestic sewage carries used water from houses and apartments; it is also called sanitary sewage. Industrial sewage is used water from manufacturing or chemical processes. Storm sewage, or storm water, is runoff from precipitation that is collected in…

sewerage system, network of pipes, pumps, and force mains for the collection of wastewater, or sewage, from a community. Modern sewerage systems fall under two categories: domestic and industrial sewers and storm sewers. Sometimes a combined system provides only one network of pipes, mains, and

plumbing: …drainage system; it protects the sanitary traps from siphoning or blowing by equalizing the pressure inside and outside the drainage system.

Kellogg Company, the multinational food manufacturer behind Corn Flakes, Pringles, Cheez-It, Eggo waffles, and Morningstar Farms, no longer exists as a single corporation. Founded in the early 1900s by the controversial figure Will Keith (W.K.) Kellogg, the company grew from a breakfast cereal

construction: Improvements in building services: Plumbing and sanitation systems in buildings advanced rapidly in this period. Public water-distribution systems were the essential element; the first large-scale example of a mechanically pressurized water-supply system was the great array of waterwheels installed by Louis XIV at Marley on the Marne River in France to…

sewerage system, network of pipes, pumps, and force mains for the collection of wastewater, or sewage, from a community. Modern sewerage systems fall under two categories: domestic and industrial sewers and storm sewers. Sometimes a combined system provides only one network of pipes, mains, and

antimicrobial agent: Sanitization: A sanitizer is an agent, usually chemical in nature, that is used to reduce the number of microorganisms to a level that has been officially approved as safe. Sanitizers are commonly used to control bacterial levels in equipment and utensils found in dairies, other…

American football: Scholarships and the student athlete: …what became known as the Sanity Code, but battles at subsequent meetings led to its being rescinded at the 1951 convention, and the now-familiar athletic grant-in-aid was finally adopted in 1957. Also in 1951, most of Army’s football team was dismissed for cheating on exams; and it had been revealed…

R.D. Laing: …and published, with Aaron Esterson, Sanity, Madness, and the Family (1964), a group of studies of people whose mental illnesses he viewed as being induced by their relationships with other family members. Laing’s early approach to schizophrenia was quite controversial, and he modified some of his positions in later years.…

Yazīdī: …or iron peacock effigies called sanjaqs, which are circulated from town to town. Tradition holds that there were originally seven sanjaqs; it is thought that at least two still exist.

Sanjar was a Seljuq prince of Khorāsān from c. 1096 to 1157, whose fame almost eclipses that of the “Great Seljuqs” because of the length of his reign, his power and victories in its first half, his disasters in the second, and the fact that he was the last real Seljuq sultan in Iran. Appointed

Indian philosophy: Background: …possibility of omniscience, and, finally, Sanjaya Belathiputta, the skeptic, who, in reply to the question “Is there an afterlife?” would not say “It is so” or “It is otherwise,” nor would he say “It is not so” or “It is not not so.”

mangabey: …of the Congo River; the Sanje mangabey (C. sanjei), discovered quite unexpectedly in 1980 living in the Udzungwa Mountains and Mwanihana forest of Tanzania; and the Tana River mangabey (C. galeritus), a small species that has long crown hair diverging from a part and is found only in forests along…

Sanjō, city, central Niigata ken (prefecture), north-central Honshu, Japan. It lies in the deltaic lowlands of the Shinano River, about 20 miles (32 km) south of Niigata city. Sanjō was founded as a castle town in the 16th century. It was a river port and post town during the Edo (Tokugawa) era

Sanjō Sanetomi was a radical court noble who was instrumental in the Meiji Restoration (1868), which ended the 264-year domination of Japan by the Tokugawa family and reestablished ruling authority with the emperor. After the restoration, Sanjō became an important leader of the new government. In

Go-Sanjō was the 71st emperor of Japan, whose abdication in favour of his son, Kidahito (the emperor Shirakawa), established a precedent for government by retired emperor, thereby contributing to the decline of the powerful Fujiwara clan. One of the few Japanese rulers of the period not born of a

Spain: The Second Republic: …to a head in General José Sanjurjo’s pronunciamiento in Sevilla (August 10, 1932). Politically more dangerous than Sanjurjo’s abortive coup, however, were the steady growth of Gil Robles’s Acción Popular and the Socialists’ desertion of the Azaña coalition, as Largo Caballero, influenced by increasing discontent with the slow pace of…

Al-Hoceïma, city, northern Morocco. The city, founded by Spaniards in 1926 as Villa Sanjurjo, still has a large Spanish population. Situated on Al-Hoceïma Bay, it is a small fishing port, food-processing centre, and beach resort just northwest of the islets of the Spanish plaza (enclave) of

Yojimbo: …the sequel Tsubaki Sanjūrō (1962; Sanjuro), in which Mifune’s character helps a group of naive samurai fight corrupt officials in their clan.

Japanese art: Calligraphy and painting: The early 12th-century Sanjūrokunin kashū (“Anthologies of Thirty-six Poets”) is perhaps the finest Heian example of verse executed on sumptuously prepared and illustrated papers. The preeminence of the calligraphic word in interpretive union with painting or as a thematic inspiration for painting was a hallmark of the Heian…

Sanka, outcaste group of people in Japan. The Sanka are sometimes called the Japanese Gypsies, wandering in small bands through the mountainous regions of Honshu. They are not distinguishable in either physical type or language from the rest of the Japanese. Little is known of their history.

Guinea Highlands: …in the Loma Mountains and Sankanbiriwa, 6,080 feet (1,853 metres), in the Tingi Mountains.

Thomas Sankara was a military officer and proponent of Pan-Africanism who was installed as president of Upper Volta (later Burkina Faso) in 1983 after a military coup. He held that position until 1987, when he was killed during another coup. Sankara’s Roman Catholic parents wanted him to be a

Harihara, in Hinduism, a deity combining the two major gods Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara). Images of Harihara (also known as Shambhu-Vishnu and Shankara-Narayana, variants of the names of the two gods) first appeared in the classical period, after sectarian movements, which elevated one god as

Larsa, one of the ancient capital cities of Babylonia, located about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Uruk (Erech; Arabic Tall al-Warkāʾ), in southern Iraq. Larsa was probably founded in prehistoric times, but the most prosperous period of the city coincided with an independent dynasty inaugurated by

Sir Chettur Sankaran Nair was an Indian jurist and statesman who, despite his independent views and outspokenness, attained high government positions rarely open to Indians in his time. He simultaneously opposed the extreme Indian nationalist movement led by Mohandas K. Gandhi and its forcible

Sankarani River, tributary of the Niger River, in western Africa. It is formed by intermittent streams in the southern outliers of the Fouta Djallon region of Guinea and meanders for 330 miles (530 km) northeast to meet the Niger on its right bank below Kolé, Mali. The Sélingué dam, which is

Tokyo-Yokohama Metropolitan Area: Green space: The Sankei Garden, some distance south of the city centre, was built and presented to the city by a 19th-century silk merchant. The park once reposed by the bay, but reclamation has put it inland some distance and in some measure lessened its beauty. It contains…

gospel music: White gospel music: Moody and his musical collaborator Ira D. Sankey. Together, Moody and Sankey employed the Sunday-school hymns and new gospel compositions in their church services as major instruments of edification and conversion, thus playing a critical role in the establishment of gospel music as a legitimate means of ministry.

10 Conservationists of India: Kailash Sankhala: …the ban on wildlife hunting, Kailash Sankhala’s story as a conservation crusader began with the remorse he felt when he had to shoot a tiger (Panthera tigris) as part of his job as an Indian forester. He subsequently became a leading opponent of game hunting, which was popular among sections…

Midsummer, a holiday celebrating the traditional midpoint of the harvest season and the summer solstice (June 20 or 21), the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. Midsummer is celebrated in many countries but is synonymous with Scandinavia, where it is observed as a national holiday