history of Sudan, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Sudan, from prehistoric times to the present day. The country is located in northeastern Africa. The name Sudan derives from the Arabic expression bilād al-sūdān (“land of the blacks”), by which medieval Arab

South Sudan, country located in northeastern Africa. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife. Prior to 2011, South Sudan was part of Sudan, its neighbour to the north. South Sudan’s population, predominantly African

South Sudan, country located in northeastern Africa. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife. Prior to 2011, South Sudan was part of Sudan, its neighbour to the north. South Sudan’s population, predominantly African

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Ethnic groups: Adamawa-Ubangi and Central Sudanic groups that settled in the north include the Zande (Azande), the Mangbetu, the Banda, and the Barambu (Abarambo). Nilotic peoples live in the northeast and include the Alur, the Kakwa, the Bari, the Lugbara, and the Logo. Tutsi from

Rapid Support Forces: …challenge Sudan’s official military, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The RSF and the SAF have been engaged in a war for supremacy since April 15, 2023, devastating the country.

Sudan: The Nimeiri regime: Nimeiri disbanded the Sudanese Communist Party, which went underground; its leader, Imām al-Hādī, was killed and his supporters dispersed. An abortive coup by the resilient communists in July 1971 collapsed after popular and foreign support held steadfast for the reinstallation of Nimeiri. The abortive coup had a profound…

Rapid Support Forces: Origins: …capital of Khartoum and the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) rebels. In return for assisting the Sudanese government against the rebels, the militias received supplies and free rein along the Chad-Sudan border. This state of affairs continued throughout the 1990s.

Modibo Keita: …and became secretary-general of the Sudanese Union. In 1946 the Sudanese Union merged with another anticolonial party, the African Democratic Rally, to form the US-RDA. Keita was briefly imprisoned by the French in 1946. Two years later, however, he won a seat in the territorial assembly of French Sudan, and…

Mohammed Shia al-Sudani is an Iraqi politician and a former prime minister of Iraq (2022–26). Despite belonging to the often divisive Shiʿi Muslim faction that has dominated Iraqi politics since the fall of Saddam Hussein (2003), he is considered a pragmatist, and his tenure as prime minister has

Sudanic languages, any of the African languages spoken from Ethiopia in the east to Senegal in the west. Unrelated languages were included in the various groupings classified by some early scholars as Sudanic, usually on the basis of geographic or other nonlinguistic grounds. The term Sudanic

Diedrich Westermann: His 1911 publication, Die Sudansprachen (“The Languages of the Sudan”), paralleled Meinhof’s work on the Bantu languages: it postulated the genetic unity of a group of languages that had earlier been classified as “Mixed Negro,” and he reconstructed a parent language, “Ur-Sudan,” that preceded them. To do so,…

Aragon: Geography: The Sierra de Gúdar occupies almost all of Teruel province as well as the southwestern corner of Zaragoza.

origins of agriculture: Early historic period: …the dam and conduits at Sudarshana, a man-made lake on the Kathiawar Peninsula. Roads too were the government’s responsibility. The swifter horse-drawn chariot provided greater mobility than the bullock cart.

Indian philosophy: Ramanuja: Writers such as Sudarshana Suri and Venkatanatha continued to elaborate and defend the theses of the master, and much of their writing is polemical. Some differences are to be found regarding the nature of emancipation, the nature of devotion, and other ritual matters. The followers are divided into…

India: Early Vedic period: …10 chiefs or kings: when Sudas, the king of the preeminent Bharatas of southern Punjab, replaced his priest Vishvamitra with Vasishtha, Vishvamitra organized a confederacy of 10 tribes, including the Puru, Yadu, Turvashas, Anu, and Druhyu, which went to war against Sudas. The Bharatas survived and continued to play an…

Sudbury, town (parish), Babergh district, administrative and historic county of Suffolk, eastern England. It lies on the River Stour about 18 miles (29 km) west of Ipswich. An important wool town during the Middle Ages, it has many half-timbered houses and three Perpendicular-style churches.

Sudbury, city, seat of Sudbury district, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It is situated on the western shore of Ramsey Lake, about 40 miles (65 km) north of Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. The site was the location of a temporary workers’ camp in 1883–84 during the construction of the Canadian Pacific

Sudbury, town (township), Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. Sudbury lies along the Sudbury River, west of Boston, and includes the villages of Sudbury and South Sudbury. Settled in 1638 by Watertown residents and by English colonists, it was incorporated in 1639 and named for Sudbury,

Precambrian: Layered igneous intrusions: The Sudbury Complex in southern Canada, which is about 1.9 billion years old, is a basin-shaped body that extends up to 60 km (37 miles) across. It consists mostly of layered norite and has deposits of copper, nickel, cobalt, gold, and platinum. It is noted for…

anorthosite: The thickness of the Sudbury Lopolith is estimated at 3 km (1.9 miles), that of the Bushveld at 5 km (3 miles). Anorthosite dikes (slablike, steeply inclined intrusions along fissures) are very rare, and effusive equivalents of anorthosite are unknown.

Arthur B. McDonald: …the first director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO).

Henry Fitzroy, 1st duke of Grafton was the first duke of Grafton and the second illegitimate son of Charles II of England by Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland. After some initial hesitation he was officially recognized and became “the most popular and most able of the sons of Charles II.” He

Africa: Sudd: In addition to the major types of vegetation described above, a special vegetation called sudd (literally meaning “barrier”) occurs in the great Nile, Niger, and Zambezi drainage systems of the African interior plateau. Sedges (especially papyrus), reeds, and other water plants—including the floating Nile…

Al-Sudd, swampy lowland region of central South Sudan, 200 miles (320 km) wide by 250 miles (400 km) long. It is drained by headstreams of the White Nile, namely the Al-Jabal (Mountain Nile) River in the centre and the Al-Ghazāl River in the west. The Al-Jabal River overflows in the flat,

Nile River: Physiography of Nile River: …drainage system containing the large Lake Sudd. According to one theory on the evolution of the Nile system, about 25,000 years ago the East African drainage to Lake Victoria developed an outlet to the north, which sent its water into Lake Sudd. With the accumulation of sediments over a long…

Elmer Bernstein: …1952, with his score for Sudden Fear, he demonstrated the drama and originality that would distinguish his works. Although his support for left-wing causes hindered his career somewhat during the early 1950s, Bernstein continued to get work, and in the mid-’50s he established his reputation with the groundbreaking jazz-infused score…

Clint Eastwood: First directorial efforts: …the fourth Dirty Harry film, Sudden Impact (1983), with Locke portraying a rape victim on a vengeful murder spree. He then returned to his screen roots with the neo-mythic Pale Rider (1985), a quasi-religious western. It showcased Eastwood’s iconic presence and Surtees’s gorgeous photography and was one of the few…

sudden infant death syndrome, unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant from unexplained causes. SIDS is of worldwide incidence, and within industrialized countries it is the most common cause of death of infants between two weeks and one year old. In 95 percent of SIDS cases, infants are

atmosphere: Polar fronts and the jet stream: In addition, a phenomenon called sudden stratospheric warming, apparently the result of strong downward air motion, also occurs in the late winter and spring at high latitudes. Sudden stratospheric warming can significantly alter temperature-dependent chemical reactions of ozone and other reactive gases in the stratosphere and affect the development of…

epilepsy: Generalized-onset seizures: …linked to a phenomenon called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which affects more than 8 percent of epilepsy patients and typically occurs in people between the ages of 20 and 30. The cause of SUDEP is not known with certainty. Scientists suspect that accumulated damage and scarring in cardiac…

chess: Origin of time controls: A second principle, sometimes called sudden death, was also considered—and abandoned—in the early days of competitive chess. With a sudden-death format a set amount of time is allowed for all a player’s moves in a game. Sudden-death time controls were regarded in the 19th century and most of the 20th…

Lewis Allen: … (1952) before finding success with Suddenly (1954), a gripping drama about a plot to kill the president of the United States in a backwater town. Frank Sinatra, as a professional assassin, gave one of the best performances of his career, and Suddenly ranks among Allen’s best films. The Cold War…

Suddenly Last Summer, drama in one act by Tennessee Williams, published in 1958. It concerns lobotomy, pederasty, and cannibalism. It is the melodramatic yet horrific story of Sebastian Venable, a self-involved sadistic gay man with an overprotective mother. Suddenly Last Summer was performed in

Kathy Griffin: …ingenue on the comedy series Suddenly Susan (1996–2000). Her profile was further raised with an appearance on the HBO Comedy Half-Hour in 1996 and, two years later, in a stand-alone comedy special on HBO, Hot Cup of Talk.

Joseph L. Mankiewicz: Films of the 1950s: Suddenly, Last Summer (1959) was better received. Gore Vidal adapted the Tennessee Williams play that concerns lobotomy, pederasty, and cannibalism. Elizabeth Taylor starred as a young woman who develops mental issues following the death of her cousin and is institutionalized. The dead cousin’s overprotective mother…

Süddeutsche Zeitung (Sz), daily newspaper published in Munich, considered one of the three most influential papers in Germany. Süddeutsche Zeitung was the first paper to be licensed in Bavaria (1945) by the Allied occupation authorities following the end of World War II. The newspaper was founded

Vaishnavism: The Pushtimarg sect maintains the shuddhadvaita (“pure nondualism”) doctrine of the theologian Vallabhacharya, which does not declare the phenomenal world to be an illusion. The Gaudiya sect, founded by Chaitanya, teaches achintya-bhedabheda (“inconceivable duality and nonduality”), the belief that the relation between God and the world is beyond the scope…

Jason Sudeikis is an American comedian, actor, and writer who first garnered attention for his work (2003–13) on the TV show Saturday Night Live (SNL) and later starred in the hugely popular series Ted Lasso (2020–23). Sudeikis is the eldest of three children born to Kathryn (née Wendt) Sudeikis,

Jason Sudeikis is an American comedian, actor, and writer who first garnered attention for his work (2003–13) on the TV show Saturday Night Live (SNL) and later starred in the hugely popular series Ted Lasso (2020–23). Sudeikis is the eldest of three children born to Kathryn (née Wendt) Sudeikis,

history of photography: Documentary photography: …not as extensively, Czech photographer Josef Sudek created an artistic document of his immediate surroundings. He was particularly fascinated with his home and garden, often shooting the latter through a window.

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: …notebooks he referred to as Sudelbücher, or “waste books,” where he recorded quotations, sketched, and made brief observations on a wide range of subjects from science to philosophy. First published posthumously in 1800–06, they became his best-known work and gave him his reputation as an aphorist. Selections from the Sudelbücher…

epilepsy: Generalized-onset seizures: …linked to a phenomenon called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which affects more than 8 percent of epilepsy patients and typically occurs in people between the ages of 20 and 30. The cause of SUDEP is not known with certainty. Scientists suspect that accumulated damage and scarring in cardiac…

Hamburg: Site: …branches, the Norderelbe and the Süderelbe, but these branches meet again opposite Altona, just west of the old city, to form the Unterelbe, which flows into the North Sea some 65 miles downstream from Hamburg. Two other rivers flow into the Elbe at Hamburg—the Alster from the north and the…

Hermann Sudermann was one of the leading writers of the German naturalist movement. Though first apprenticed to a chemist, Sudermann was eventually able to attend the University of Königsberg. After a short period as a tutor in Berlin, he worked as a journalist, then turned to writing novels. Frau

Río de la Plata: Hydrology of the system: …southwest) and southeasterly winds called sudestados both exert a great influence on the Río de la Plata: the pampero, when it is most powerful, drives the water onto the Uruguayan coast, so that the water level drops on the Argentine side; the southeasterly wind has the effect of flooding the…

Sudeten, system of east-west mountain ranges of northeastern Bohemia and northern Moravia, Czech Republic, bordering on Poland. The system has three subgroups: the West Sudeten range is composed of the Lusatian Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, and the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains (qq.v.); the Middle

Konrad Henlein: …appeared as leader of the Sudeten-German Home Front (Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront), which became the second strongest party in the Czech chamber in 1935. On April 24, 1938, he unavailingly demanded autonomy for the Sudeten-German areas. He visited Adolf Hitler on September 1 and two weeks later, when a revolt broke out…

Sudeten, system of east-west mountain ranges of northeastern Bohemia and northern Moravia, Czech Republic, bordering on Poland. The system has three subgroups: the West Sudeten range is composed of the Lusatian Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, and the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains (qq.v.); the Middle

Konrad Henlein: …appeared as leader of the Sudeten-German Home Front (Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront), which became the second strongest party in the Czech chamber in 1935. On April 24, 1938, he unavailingly demanded autonomy for the Sudeten-German areas. He visited Adolf Hitler on September 1 and two weeks later, when a revolt broke out…

Konrad Henlein: …appeared as leader of the Sudeten-German Home Front (Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront), which became the second strongest party in the Czech chamber in 1935. On April 24, 1938, he unavailingly demanded autonomy for the Sudeten-German areas. He visited Adolf Hitler on September 1 and two weeks later, when a revolt broke out…

Sudetenland, sections of northern and western Bohemia and northern Moravia, in the vicinity of the Sudeten mountain ranges. The Sudetenland, which had a predominately German population, was incorporated into Czechoslovakia when that new nation’s frontiers were drawn in 1918–19. The Sudeten and

Sudeten, system of east-west mountain ranges of northeastern Bohemia and northern Moravia, Czech Republic, bordering on Poland. The system has three subgroups: the West Sudeten range is composed of the Lusatian Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, and the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains (qq.v.); the Middle

Max Nordau was a physician, writer, and early Jewish nationalist who was instrumental in establishing recognition of Palestine as a potential Jewish homeland to be gained by colonization. In 1880, after serving as Viennese correspondent for a Budapest newspaper and traveling extensively in Europe,

Noakhali, port city, southern Bangladesh. It lies on the Noakhali watercourse near the estuary of the Meghna River as it empties into the Bay of Bengal. The port is connected by road and rail with Comilla and by boat with Barisal. The milling of jute, rice, flour, and oilseeds; chemical and soap

Thomas C. Südhof is a German American neuroscientist who discovered key molecular components and mechanisms that form the basis of chemical signaling in neurons. His findings helped scientists to better understand the cellular mechanisms underlying neurological conditions such as autism,

Thomas C. Südhof is a German American neuroscientist who discovered key molecular components and mechanisms that form the basis of chemical signaling in neurons. His findings helped scientists to better understand the cellular mechanisms underlying neurological conditions such as autism,

Jiajing was the reign name (nianhao) of the 11th emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), whose long reign (1521–66/67) added a degree of stability to the government but whose neglect of official duties ushered in an era of misrule. Notoriously cruel, Jiajing caused hundreds of officials who had

Sudirman Range, western section of the Maoke Mountains of the central highlands of New Guinea. The Sudirman Range is located in the Indonesian province of Papua. The rugged range, which may have no pass lower than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres), rises to Jaya Peak (formerly Puntjak Sukarno or Mount

Budi Utomo: …originated through the efforts of Mas Wahidin Sudirohusodo (1852–1917), a retired Javanese physician who, attempting to elevate the Javanese people through the study of Western knowledge as well as their own cultural heritage, sought to obtain support for a scholarship fund for Indonesian students. His efforts were supported by Dutch-educated…

clay mineral: Chlorite: …magnesium-rich aluminum dioctahedral chlorites called sudoite. Cookeite is another type of dioctahedral chlorite, in which lithium substitutes for aluminum in the octahedral sheets.

sudoku, popular form of number game. In its simplest and most common configuration, sudoku consists of a 9 × 9 grid with numbers appearing in some of the squares. The object of the puzzle is to fill the remaining squares, using all the numbers 1–9 exactly once in each row, column, and the nine 3 ×

ceremonial object: Objects used in rites of passage: …wear a sacred shirt (sudra) made of two pieces of white cambric stitched together. For ordination, a shawl, a cotton veil (padan) to cover the nose and mouth, and a mace are added; the Brahmanic (Vedic) initiate also receives a tall staff and a black antelope skin. In Sikhism…

Shudra, fourth and lowest of the traditional varnas, or social classes, of India, traditionally artisans and labourers. The term does not appear in the earliest Vedic literature. Unlike the members of the three dvija (“twice-born”) varnas—Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriya (nobles and

Shudra, fourth and lowest of the traditional varnas, or social classes, of India, traditionally artisans and labourers. The term does not appear in the earliest Vedic literature. Unlike the members of the three dvija (“twice-born”) varnas—Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriya (nobles and

South Asian arts: The theatre: …to nothing is known of Śūdraka except that he must have hailed from Ujjayinī. His is the most charming of all prakaraṇa plays (those that are not based on epic material): the Mṛcchakaṭikā (“Little Clay Cart”), the story of an impoverished merchant and a courtesan who love each other but…

Midgard: …up by four dwarfs, Nordri, Sudri, Austri, and Vestri (the four points of the compass), and became the dome of the heavens. The sun, moon, and stars were made of scattered sparks that were caught in the skull.

Austria: Restoration of sovereignty: …part of the Italian Trentino–Alto Adige region) and the problem of association with the European Economic Community (EEC; later succeeded by the European Union). During the Paris Peace Conference of 1946, an agreement had been signed guaranteeing the rights of the German-speaking population of Südtirol, a region that Italy…

bhūmi: …evil passions and ignorance), (5) sudurjayā (“hard to conquer”), (6) abhimukhī (“turning toward” both transmigration and nirvana), (7) dūraṅgamā (“far-going”), (8) acalā (“immovable”), (9) sādhumatī (“good-minded”), and (10) dharmameghā (showered with “clouds of dharma,” or universal truth).

ebolavirus: species of ebolaviruses: Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The viruses representative of those species are commonly referred to as Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV), Reston virus (RESTV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), respectively.

Sue, nickname for one of the most complete and best-preserved skeletons of Tyrannosaurus rex. The fossil was dated to approximately 67 million years ago. Measuring 12.8 metres (42 feet) long, Sue is among the largest known skeletons of T. rex. The specimen was found on August 12, 1990, on South

Maria Schneider: …the David Bowie single “Sue (Or in a Season of Crime),” and her arrangement won a Grammy. She also earned acclaim for the recording The Thompson Fields (2015), and it received the Grammy for best large jazz ensemble album. Data Lords (2020) contrasts the richness of the natural world…

insurance: Sue and labour clause: The sue and labour clause requires the ship owner to make every attempt to reduce or save the exposed interests from loss. Under the terms of the clause, the insurer pays for any necessary costs incurred in carrying out the requirements…

Fantastic Four: Origins: Reed Richards, a pompous scientist; Sue Storm, his lovely and somewhat reserved fiancée; Sue’s hotheaded teenaged brother Johnny Storm; and Richards’s beefy longtime friend pilot Ben Grimm. The foursome commandeered an untested spaceship of Richards’s design from the U.S. military in a frantic but unsanctioned effort to beat the Soviets…

Japanese art: Tumulus, or Kofun, period: …in the Kofun period was sue ware. Distinct from haji ware, it was high-fired and in its finished form had a gray cast. Occasionally, accidental ash glazing is found on the surface. Until the 7th century, sue ware was a product reserved for the elite, who used it both for…

Eugène Sue was a French author of sensational novels of the seamy side of urban life and a leading exponent of the roman-feuilleton (“newspaper serial”). His works, although faulted for their melodramatics, were the first to deal with many of the social ills that accompanied the Industrial

Eugène Sue was a French author of sensational novels of the seamy side of urban life and a leading exponent of the roman-feuilleton (“newspaper serial”). His works, although faulted for their melodramatics, were the first to deal with many of the social ills that accompanied the Industrial

Suebi, group of Germanic peoples, including the Marcomanni and Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, and Langobardi (Lombards). The Alemanni were also part of the Suebi tribal group, which gave its name to the German principality of Swabia. In the late 1st century ad most of the Suebi lived around the Elbe

Sueca, city, Valencia provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Valencia, eastern Spain. The city was united to Christian Spain by James I of Aragon in 1240. The area has an irrigation system dating from Moorish times. Many of Sueca’s houses, with their horseshoe

shoe: Materials: Suede is made from any of several leathers (calf, kid, or cattle hide) by buffing the inner surface to produce a napped finish.

Adolfo Bioy Casares: …sueño de los héroes (1954; The Dream of Heroes), Bioy Casares examines the meaning of love and the significance of dreams and memory to future actions. The novel Diario de la guerra del cerdo (1969; Diary of the War of the Pig) is a mixture of science fiction and political…

Diego Rivera: Later life and work: Rivera’s later murals include Sueño de una tarde dominical en la Alameda Central (1947; Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Central Park), which in the center features a figure based on Mexican artist José Guadalupe Posada’s illustration of La Calavera Catrina. Rivera’s last mural was a mosaic he…

Forres: Sueno’s Stone, situated at the east end of the town, is an impressive sculptured monolith 23 feet (7 metres) high, possibly dating to the 9th century and probably commemorating a battle between Norse invaders and the native Picts and Scots. The Witches Stone was the…

Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Villegas: Quevedo’s Sueños (1627; Dreams), fantasies of hell and death, written at intervals from 1606 to 1622, shows his development as a master of the then new Baroque style conceptismo, a complicated form of expression depending on puns and elaborate conceits. An anthology of his poems in English translation…

Mario Monti: …de Recherches Financières; now the European Money and Finance Forum) in 1982–85. Also during this time Monti wrote commentaries on economics for the Milan newspaper Corriere della Sera (1978–94) and sat on a number of corporate boards.

Eduard Suess was an Austrian geologist who helped lay the basis for paleogeography and tectonics—i.e., the study of the architecture and evolution of the Earth’s outer rocky shell. While an assistant in the Hofmuseum (now the Natural History Museum) in Vienna from 1852 to 1856, Suess published

Agostino Nifo was a Renaissance philosopher noted for his development from an anti-Christian interpreter of Aristotelian philosophy into an influential Christian apologist for the immortality of the individual soul. While attending the University of Padua about 1490, Nifo studied the Averroist

Agostino Nifo was a Renaissance philosopher noted for his development from an anti-Christian interpreter of Aristotelian philosophy into an influential Christian apologist for the immortality of the individual soul. While attending the University of Padua about 1490, Nifo studied the Averroist

tallow: …waxy white fat, consisting of suet (the hard fat about the kidneys and loins of cattle, sheep, and horses) or similar vegetable substances. Tallow consists mainly of glyceryl esters of oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Tallow was used chiefly to make soap and candles until the development of synthetic surfactants…

Suetonius was a Roman biographer and antiquarian whose writings include De viris illustribus (“Concerning Illustrious Men”), a collection of short biographies of celebrated Roman literary figures, and De vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars). The latter book, seasoned with bits of gossip and scandal

United Kingdom: The conquest: …ce much had been achieved; Suetonius Paulinus, governor from 59 to 61, was invading the island of Anglesey, the last stronghold of independence, when a serious setback occurred: this was the rebellion of Boudicca, queen of the Iceni. Under its king Prasutagus the tribe of the Iceni had enjoyed a…

Eustache Le Sueur was a painter known for his religious pictures in the style of the French classical Baroque. Le Sueur was one of the founders and first professors of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. Le Sueur studied under the painter Simon Vouet and was admitted at an early age into

Suebi, group of Germanic peoples, including the Marcomanni and Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, and Langobardi (Lombards). The Alemanni were also part of the Suebi tribal group, which gave its name to the German principality of Swabia. In the late 1st century ad most of the Suebi lived around the Elbe

Suez, port at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern terminal of the Suez Canal, northern Egypt. Together with its two harbors, Port Ibrāhīm and Port Tawfīq (Tewfik), and a large portion of the Eastern Desert, Suez constitutes the urban muḥāfaẓah (governorate) of Al-Suways. An ancient

Suez Canal, sea-level waterway running north-south across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean and the Red seas. The canal separates Africa from Asia, and it provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans. It

Suez Canal: Finance: …exercised complete control through its Suez Canal Authority (SCA), though the original company (now GDF Suez) continues in France as a multinational utilities company.

Benjamin Disraeli: Second administration: …slightly less than half the Suez Canal Company’s shares and was anxious to sell. An English journalist discovered this fact and told the Foreign Office. Disraeli overrode its recommendation against the purchase and bought the shares using funds provided by the Rothschild family until Parliament could confirm the bargain. The…

Suez Crisis, (1956), international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests. The Suez Crisis was

Suez Crisis, (1956), international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests. The Suez Crisis was

Gulf of Suez, northwestern arm of the Red Sea between Africa proper (west) and the Sinai Peninsula (east) of Egypt. The length of the gulf, from its mouth at the Strait of Jubal to its head at the city of Suez, is 195 miles (314 km), and it varies in width from 12 to 20 miles (19 to 32 km). The

Africa: Formation of the Red Sea: …end of the Miocene the Isthmus of Suez was formed, and the gulf became a saline lake at the bottom of which thick evaporites (sediments formed as a result of evaporation) were laid down. The isthmus permitted Asian animal life to pass into Africa during part of the Pliocene Epoch…