Antonis Samaras is a Greek politician who served as prime minister of Greece (2012–15). Samaras was born into an upper-class family. In his youth he played tennis, winning the Greek teen tennis championship at age 17. He pursued higher education in the United States, earning a B.A. in economics

environmental sculpture: …elements of the surreal, and Lucas Samaras and Robert Irwin, also Americans, both of whom have employed transparent and reflective materials to create complex and challenging optical effects in gallery and museum spaces.

Novomoskovsk, city, east-central Ukraine. The city lies along the Samara River a few miles above its confluence with the Dnieper River, and on the Kharkiv-Dnipropetrovsk railway and the Moscow-Crimea highway. The settlement of Samarchyk, or Novoselytsia, dating from 1650, was resited there in 1784

Waray-Waray, any member of a large ethnolinguistic group of the Philippines, living on Samar, eastern Leyte, and Biliran islands. Numbering roughly 4.2 million in the early 21st century, they speak a Visayan (Bisayan) language of the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family. Most Waray-Waray are

Samaria, ancient town in central Palestine. It is located on a hill northwest of Nāblus in the West Bank territory under Israeli administration since 1967. Excavations (1908–10; 1931–33; 1935) revealed that the site had been occupied occasionally during the late 4th millennium bce. The city was not

Samaria, the central region of ancient Palestine. Samaria extends for about 40 miles (65 km) from north to south and 35 miles (56 km) from east to west. It is bounded by Galilee on the north and by Judaea on the south; on the west was the Mediterranean Sea and on the east the Jordan River. The

West Bank: Geography: …limestone hills (conventionally called the Samarian Hills north of Jerusalem and the Judaean Hills south of Jerusalem) having an average height of 2,300 to 3,000 feet (700 to 900 meters). The hills descend eastwardly to the low-lying Great Rift Valley of the Jordan River and the Dead Sea. The West…

pleuronectiform: Annotated classification: Family Samaridae (crested flounders) Origin of dorsal in front of eyes; lateral line well developed or rudimentary; pelvic fins symmetrical. 3 genera with about 20 species; primarily in deep water, tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific. Family Paralichthodidae (measles flounders) One species, Paralichthodes algoensis, from

Russia: Russification policies: …authors were Nikolay Milyutin and Yury Samarin, who genuinely desired to benefit the peasants. The reform was followed, however, by an anti-Polish policy in education and other areas. In the 1880s this went so far that the language of instruction even in primary schools in areas of purely Polish population…

Samarinda, kota (city) and capital of East Kalimantan propinsi (or provinsi; province), Indonesia. On the island of Borneo, the city lies on the Mahakam River, about 30 miles (48 km) above the mouth of its broad delta opening eastward onto Makassar Strait. Rice is the principal agricultural

Samaritan, member of a community, now nearly extinct, that claims to be related by blood to those Israelites of ancient Samaria who were not deported by the Assyrian conquerors of the kingdom of Israel in 722 bce. The Samaritans call themselves Bene Yisrael (“Children of Israel”), or Shamerim

Hebrew alphabet: …only surviving descendant is the Samaritan alphabet, still used by a few hundred Samaritan Jews.

biblical literature: The Samaritan Pentateuch: The importance of the recension known as the Samaritan Pentateuch lies in the fact that it constitutes an independent Hebrew witness to the text written in a late and developed form of the paleo-Hebrew script. Some of the Exodus fragments from Qumrān demonstrate…

samarium (Sm), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of the lanthanide series of the periodic table. Samarium is a moderately soft metal, silvery white in colour. It is relatively stable in air, slowly oxidizing to Sm2O3. It rapidly dissolves in diluted acids—except hydrofluoric acid (HF), in which

samarium: 1 percent), samarium-147 (15.0 percent), samarium-148 (11.2 percent), samarium-149 (13.8 percent), samarium-150 (7.4 percent), samarium-152 (26.8 percent), and samarium-154 (22.0 percent). Samarium-144, samarium-150, samarium-152, and samarium-154 are stable, but the other three naturally occurring isotopes are alpha emitters. A total of 34 (excluding nuclear isomers)

samarium: 0 percent), samarium-148 (11.2 percent), samarium-149 (13.8 percent), samarium-150 (7.4 percent), samarium-152 (26.8 percent), and samarium-154 (22.0 percent). Samarium-144, samarium-150, samarium-152, and samarium-154 are stable, but the other three naturally occurring isotopes are alpha emitters. A total of 34 (excluding nuclear isomers) radioactive isotopes of samarium have…

samarium: 2 percent), samarium-149 (13.8 percent), samarium-150 (7.4 percent), samarium-152 (26.8 percent), and samarium-154 (22.0 percent). Samarium-144, samarium-150, samarium-152, and samarium-154 are stable, but the other three naturally occurring isotopes are alpha emitters. A total of 34 (excluding nuclear isomers) radioactive isotopes of samarium have been characterized. Their…

dating: Samarium–neodymium method: The radioactive decay of samarium of mass 147 (147Sm) to neodymium of mass 143 (143Nd) has been shown to be capable of providing useful isochron ages for certain geologic materials. Both parent and daughter belong to the rare-earth element group, which is itself…

Samara River, river in Orenburg and Samara oblasti (provinces), western Russia, a left-bank tributary of the Volga. It rises in the southern Ural Mountains northwest of Pavlovka and flows 369 miles (594 km) generally west-northwest to join the Volga at Samara. The area of its drainage basin is

Samarkand, city in east-central Uzbekistan that is one of the oldest cities of Central Asia. Known as Maracanda in the 4th century bce, it was the capital of Sogdiana and was captured by Alexander the Great in 329 bce. The city was later ruled by Central Asian Turks (6th century ce), the Arabs (8th

Wole Soyinka: Novels and poetry collections: …and Other Poems (1988); and Samarkand and Other Markets I Have Known (2002). His verse is characterized by a precise command of language and a mastery of lyric, dramatic, and meditative poetic forms. He wrote a good deal of Poems from Prison while he was jailed in 1967–69 for speaking…

Samarkand rug, handwoven floor covering that was once marketed through the ancient city of Samarkand in Uzbekistan but is actually produced by Kyrgyz or Uzbek tribeswomen or in the towns of Khotan (Hotan), Kashgar, and Yarkand in Xinjiang, China. Except for their colouring, the general effect of

Samarkand ware, in Islāmic ceramics, style originating in Samarkand province (now in Uzbekistan) that was at its height in the 10th century and had backgrounds of black, red, and creamy white with decorations in green, yellow, pink, and brown. The most famous, and perhaps oldest, examples have

Temirtau, city, east-central Kazakhstan. It lies on the Samarkand Reservoir of the Nura River. The settlement, a satellite city of Qaraghandy (Karaganda), came into being when the reservoir was built in 1934; until 1945 it was called Samarkandsky. Later, small industrial plants were built there. In

Amiens, city, capital of Somme département, Hauts-de-France région, principal city and ancient capital of Picardy, northern France, in the Somme River valley, north of Paris. Famed since the Middle Ages are its textile industry and its great Gothic cathedral of Notre-Dame, one of the finest in

Olga Samaroff was an American pianist who also found a successful and varied career as a music educator. At age 14, Olga Hickenlooper, who had taken piano lessons from her mother and her grandmother (the latter a concert pianist of some note), went to Paris to continue her studies. A year later she

Samarkand, city in east-central Uzbekistan that is one of the oldest cities of Central Asia. Known as Maracanda in the 4th century bce, it was the capital of Sogdiana and was captured by Alexander the Great in 329 bce. The city was later ruled by Central Asian Turks (6th century ce), the Arabs (8th

Sāmarrāʾ, town, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn muḥāfaẓah (governorate), central Iraq. Located on the Tigris River, it is the site of a prehistoric settlement of the 5th millennium bce. The town was founded between the 3rd and 7th centuries ce. In 836, when the Abbasid caliph al-Muʿtaṣim was pressured to leave

Hassuna: …of a ceramic pottery termed “Sāmarrāʾ ware,” which seems to have been brought in or made by craftsmen who originally migrated from what is now Iran. These levels, occupied during the so-called Hassuna-Sāmarrāʾ period (c. 5350–c. 5050 bc), are identified with a culture restricted to the area of the middle…

Samastipur, town, north-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It lies just south of the Burhi (“Old”) Gandak River, about 30 miles (50 km) southeast of Muzaffarpur. Samastipur is a major rail hub with workshops, and it engages in agricultural trade and has sugar refining as its chief industry.

Vaisheshika: To these six was later added abhava, nonexistence or absence. Though negative in content, the impression it makes is positive; one has a perception of an absence where one misses something. Four such absences are recognized: previous absence,…

Brahmana: The Brahmanas of the Samaveda are the Panchavimsha (“of 25 [books]”), the Shadvimsha (“of 26 [books]”), and the Jaiminiya (or Talavakara) Brahmana. They show almost complete accordance in their exposition of the “going of the cows” ceremony, the various soma ceremonies, and the different rites lasting from 1 to…

Al-Samāwah, city, capital of Al-Muthannā muḥāfaẓah (governorate), southern Iraq. It is approximately 164 miles (266 km) south of Baghdad and is located on the Euphrates River. The city is the agricultural market centre of the locality, in which vineyards and orchards are cultivated. Al-Samāwah has

mathematics: Islamic mathematics to the 15th century: …the 12th century the physician al-Samawʿal continued and completed the work of al-Karajī in algebra and also provided a systematic treatment of decimal fractions as a means of approximating irrational quantities. In his method of finding roots of pure equations, xn = N, he used what is now known as…

Şamaxı, city, east-central Azerbaijan. It is located 76 miles (122 km) west of Baku and is one of the oldest cities in the republic, dating from the 6th century ad, but the modern city was not incorporated until 1824. From the 9th to the 16th century, it was the residence of the Shirvan shahs.

Jainism: Religious activity of the laity: …at regular intervals, especially the samayika, a meditative and renunciatory ritual of limited duration. This ritual is intended to strengthen the resolve to pursue the spiritual discipline of Jain dharma (moral virtue) and is thought to bring the lay votary close to the demands required of an ascetic. It may…

samāʿ, (Arabic: “listening”), the Ṣūfī (Muslim mystic) practice of listening to music and chanting to reinforce ecstasy and induce mystical trance. The Muslim orthodox regarded such practices as un-Islāmic, and the more puritanical among them associated the Ṣūfis’ music, song, and dancing with

samba, card game, variant of canasta, in which three 52-card decks plus 6 jokers are used. Unlike canasta, in which only cards of the same rank may be melded (grouped face up on the playing surface and scored), samba also allows sequences of three or more cards in the same suit to be melded. A

samba, ballroom dance of Brazilian origin, popularized in western Europe and the United States in the early 1940s. Characterized by simple forward and backward steps and tilting, rocking body movements, it is danced to music in 4 4 time with syncopated rhythm. Couples in ballroom position dance in

Brazil: Carnival: …competitions of Carnival in so-called samba schools (escolas de samba), which function as community clubs and neighborhood centers. Both children’s and adults’ groups make up the several thousand dancers and musicians of each samba school, and many more people are involved in constructing floats and making elaborate costumes. The samba…

African art: African art in the 20th century and beyond: …international attention was the Kinshasa-based Chéri Samba, whose appearance in “Magiciens de la Terre” brought world attention to urban sign art. Like the painter Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu, also from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Samba had no formal training, and his style was improvisational and eclectic. Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu’s political commentary,…

sambal, in Indonesian and Malaysian cuisines, a spicy relish served as a side dish. The basic sambal consists of fresh chilis, shrimp paste (trassi), lime juice, sugar, and salt. Though most sambals are uncooked, a sambal goreng is fried. Numberless variations can be created by the addition of

Sambalpur, city, northwestern Odisha (Orissa) state, eastern India. It is situated in a lowland valley along the Mahanadi River. The city is a commercial centre and rail terminus. It has some industry, including the milling of rice, weaving, and metalworking. There are several colleges, a sacred

sambar, (Cervus unicolor), widely distributed deer, family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla), found from India and Nepal eastward through Southeast Asia. The sambar live in forests, alone or in small groups. A large, relatively long-tailed deer, it stands 1.2–1.4 m (47–55 inches) at the shoulder. The

Sambation, legendary “Sabbath River” beyond which the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel were exiled in 721 bc by Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria. Legends describe it as a roaring torrent (often not of water but of stones), the turbulence of which ceases only on the Sabbath, when Jews are not allowed to

Sambation, legendary “Sabbath River” beyond which the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel were exiled in 721 bc by Shalmaneser V, king of Assyria. Legends describe it as a roaring torrent (often not of water but of stones), the turbulence of which ceases only on the Sabbath, when Jews are not allowed to

Andy Samberg is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and musician known for his work as a cast member and writer for Saturday Night Live (SNL; 2005–12), his role as Detective Jake Peralta on the TV show Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2013–21), and short videos he has made with childhood friends

Andy Samberg is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, and musician known for his work as a cast member and writer for Saturday Night Live (SNL; 2005–12), his role as Detective Jake Peralta on the TV show Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2013–21), and short videos he has made with childhood friends

India: Rise of the peshwas: …to his son and successor, Sambhaji, who was captured and executed by the Mughals in the late 1680s. His younger brother, Rajaram, who succeeded him, faced with a Mughal army that was now on the ascendant, moved his base into the Tamil country, where Shivaji too had earlier kept an…

Sambhal, city, northwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies on the alluvial Indo-Gangetic Plain, about 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Moradabad. Sambhal is an ancient settlement that was also important during the period of Muslim rule and was one of Sikandar Lodī’s provincial capitals

Sambhar Salt Lake, ephemeral salt lake, the largest lake in India, situated in east-central Rajasthan state, west of Jaipur. About 90 square miles (230 square km) in area, it represents a depression of the Aravalli Range. The soluble sodium compounds stored in the lake’s underlying silt have

Buddha: The presence of multiple universes: …form, the enjoyment body (sambhogakaya), which was the form of a youthful prince adorned with the 32 major marks and 80 minor marks of a superman. The former include patterns of a wheel on the palms of his hands and the soles of his feet, elongated earlobes, a crown…

Buddha: The presence of multiple universes: …form, the enjoyment body (sambhogakaya), which was the form of a youthful prince adorned with the 32 major marks and 80 minor marks of a superman. The former include patterns of a wheel on the palms of his hands and the soles of his feet, elongated earlobes, a crown…

Harihara, in Hinduism, a deity combining the two major gods Vishnu (Hari) and Shiva (Hara). Images of Harihara (also known as Shambhu-Vishnu and Shankara-Narayana, variants of the names of the two gods) first appeared in the classical period, after sectarian movements, which elevated one god as

Ahmed Abdallah Sambi is a Comorian politician, businessman, and Islamic scholar who served as president of Comoros (2006–11). Sambi’s assumption of office marked the first peaceful transfer of power between Comorian leaders since the island country, a former French overseas territory, declared its

Ahmed Abdallah Sambi is a Comorian politician, businessman, and Islamic scholar who served as president of Comoros (2006–11). Sambi’s assumption of office marked the first peaceful transfer of power between Comorian leaders since the island country, a former French overseas territory, declared its

furniture: France: …by the craftsman and designer Hugues Sambin, design was influenced by the Renaissance style evolved in the Netherlands.

Sambir, city, western Ukraine, on the Dniester River. Built after the settlement of Staryi Sambir (Old Sambir) was destroyed by the Tatars in 1241, Sambir emerged as an important trade and manufacturing centre while under Polish rule (1387–1772). Under Austrian rule (1772–1918) it served as a minor

Hadejia: Umaru’s brother and successor, Emir Sambo (reigned 1808–45), officially founded the Hadejia emirate in 1808, moved his headquarters to Hadejia town, established a market, and began to consolidate Fulani rule over the small neighbouring Hausa kingdoms.

sambo, (Russian: “self-defense without weapons”), form of wrestling developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s from elements of several Soviet regional styles. It is also practiced in Japan and Bulgaria. In 1964 it was recognized by the International Federation of Amateur Wrestling. It is similar

Eddie Koiki Mabo was a Meriam activist who fought for and established land rights for Torres Strait Islander peoples in the 1980s and ’90s. He brought before the High Court of Australia what became known as the Mabo case, which challenged existing law that prevented Torres Strait Islander peoples

Jama’are: …officially recognized until 1835, when Sambolei, the chief of the Jama’are Fulani, was rewarded with it for his aid against the Hausa rebels of Katsina by Muḥammad Bello, the sarkin musulmi (“commander of the faithful”) and sultan of Sokoto. Emir Muhammadu Maude built the walls (20 feet [6 m] high…

Sambir, city, western Ukraine, on the Dniester River. Built after the settlement of Staryi Sambir (Old Sambir) was destroyed by the Tatars in 1241, Sambir emerged as an important trade and manufacturing centre while under Polish rule (1387–1772). Under Austrian rule (1772–1918) it served as a minor

Bon Jovi: …keyboardist David Bryan, lead guitarist Richie Sambora, bassist Alec John Such, and drummer Tico Torres. After Such left the band in 1994, he was replaced by Hugh McDonald. Sambora departed Bon Jovi in 2013 and was officially replaced in 2016 by Phil X (Theofilos Xenidis).

Samborombón Bay, bay of the South Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Río de la Plata, Argentina, located 100 miles (160 km) southeast of the city of Buenos Aires. The bay arcs southwestward, southeastward, and then eastward for 85 miles (135 km) from Point Piedras to Point Norte of Cape San

Belgium: Relief, drainage, and soils: Its northern boundary is the Sambre-Meuse valley, which traverses Belgium from south-southwest to northeast.

Belgium: Relief, drainage, and soils: Its northern boundary is the Sambre-Meuse valley, which traverses Belgium from south-southwest to northeast.

Sambucuccio d’Alando was a Corsican revolutionary who, in collaboration with Genoa, led an uprising against the feudal Cinarca family and their overlord, James (IV) of Aragon. Sambucuccio was born to an obscure family and eventually became a soldier. His leadership of the Corsican revolt of 1356

elderberry, (genus Sambucus), genus of about 10 species of shrubs and small trees in the family Adoxaceae. Most are native to forested temperate or subtropical areas of both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. They are important as garden shrubs, as forest plants, and for their berries, which

elderberry: Major species and uses: …species of elderberry include the blue, or Mexican, elder (S. caerulea), which grows to 15 metres (48 feet) and has deep blue or purple fruits; it is found in western North America. European red elder (S. racemosa), native from northern Europe to North China, has round clusters of scarlet berries…

elderberry: Major species and uses: nigra and a North American S. canadensis). The fruit is sometimes collected from wild trees, but a number of cultivated varieties have been developed for home and commercial use. The berries may be mixed with grapes for jelly or combined with apples as a pie filling. In some areas the…

elderberry: Major species and uses: Danewort, or dwarf, elderberry (S. ebulus), widespread in Eurasia and North Africa, is a perennial with annually herbaceous growth to 1 metre (3 feet). Its clusters of black berries were once a source of dye.

Dipsacales: Adoxaceae: European, or black, elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is commonly used in herbal medicine.

elderberry: Major species and uses: Red-berried, or American red, elder (S. pubens), with dark pith, is a similar North American species. Danewort, or dwarf, elderberry (S. ebulus), widespread in Eurasia and North Africa, is a perennial with annually herbaceous growth to 1 metre (3 feet). Its clusters of black berries…

elderberry: Major species and uses: European red elder (S. racemosa), native from northern Europe to North China, has round clusters of scarlet berries and reaches 4 metres (13 feet) in height. Red-berried, or American red, elder (S. pubens), with dark pith, is a similar North American species. Danewort, or dwarf,…

human evolution: Background and beginnings in the Miocene: …that emphasizes African Miocene species, Samburupithecus is ancestral to Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Orrorin, and Orrorin begets Au. afarensis, which is ancestral to Homo.

Sacheon, city, South Gyeongsang do (province), southern South Korea. The city was created in 1995 by the merger of the former city of Samcheonpo with Sacheon county. Islands such as Cheongsan, Sinsu, and Neuk screen the city’s deepwater port. Traditional industries include fishing and fish

South Asian arts: Sinhalese literature: 10th century ad to 19th century: This genre, so-called saṃdeśa literature, by no means unknown on the mainland, proliferated widely on Ceylon.

Hinduism: Other private rites: …morning and evening adorations (sandhya), being a very important duty of the traditional householder, are mainly Vedic in character but have become lengthy because of the addition of Puranic and Tantric elements. If not shortened, the morning ceremonies consist of self-purification, bathing, prayers, and recitation of mantras, especially the…

Cephallenia, island, largest of the Ionian Islands, west of the Gulf of Patraïkós. With the island of Ithaca (Itháki) and smaller nearby islands, it forms the nomós (department) of Kefallinía in modern Greece. The island, with an area of 302 square miles (781 square km), is mountainous, and Mount

Sami, any member of a people speaking the Sami language and inhabiting Lapland and adjacent areas of northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland, as well as the Kola Peninsula of Russia, a region they call Sápmi. Although a number of Sami languages exist, many Sami no longer speak their native language,

Jon Voight: …befriends a homeless man in Same Kind of Different As Me, which was based on the best-selling memoir of the same name. His movie credits from 2018 included the family drama Orphan Horse. In addition, Voight played the father of the title character in the TV series Ray Donovan (2013–20),…

Robert Mulligan: More popular was Same Time, Next Year (1978), which retained the wistful charm of the Bernard Slade play. Alan Alda and Ellen Burstyn starred as two lovers who meet once a year for almost three decades. Kiss Me Goodbye (1982), however, was a dull romance about a widow…

same-sex marriage, the practice of marriage between two men or between two women. Although same-sex marriage has been regulated through law, religion, and custom in most countries of the world, the legal and social responses have ranged from celebration on the one hand to criminalization on the

same-sex marriage, the practice of marriage between two men or between two women. Although same-sex marriage has been regulated through law, religion, and custom in most countries of the world, the legal and social responses have ranged from celebration on the one hand to criminalization on the

same-sex marriage, the practice of marriage between two men or between two women. Although same-sex marriage has been regulated through law, religion, and custom in most countries of the world, the legal and social responses have ranged from celebration on the one hand to criminalization on the

Saints Sergius and Bacchus: In Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe (1994), American professor and historian John Boswell argued that the relationship between Sergius and Bacchus was romantic in nature and represents a type of early Christian same-sex union. Though this controversial claim has been much debated, the saints are popular…

Madeleine de Scudéry: …own salon, known as the Société du Samedi (the Saturday Club).

Sami, any member of a people speaking the Sami language and inhabiting Lapland and adjacent areas of northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland, as well as the Kola Peninsula of Russia, a region they call Sápmi. Although a number of Sami languages exist, many Sami no longer speak their native language,

The Pillars of Society, drama in four acts by Henrik Ibsen, published in Norwegian as Samfundets støtter in 1877 and performed the following year. The play’s title initially refers to Karsten Bernick, whose good reputation is threatened by the return to town of his brother-in-law, Johan Tönnesen

Korean literature: Prose: …compiled during the Koryŏ dynasty: Samguk sagi (1146; “Historical Record of the Three Kingdoms”) and Samguk yusa (1285; “Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms”). The most important myths are those concerning the Sun and the Moon, the founding of Korea by Tangun, and the lives of the ancient kings. The legends…

Korean literature: Prose: …of the Three Kingdoms”) and Samguk yusa (1285; “Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms”). The most important myths are those concerning the Sun and the Moon, the founding of Korea by Tangun, and the lives of the ancient kings. The legends touch on place and personal names and natural phenomena. The…

Samhain, in ancient Celtic religion, a festival marking the end of summer and beginning of winter. It has been celebrated on October 31 or on November 1, a date set after the Christianization of the British Isles. In ancient Ireland it was a time of ingathering for the winter and served as a

Upanishad: …Samaveda, and Atharvaveda—consists of a Samhita (a “collection” of hymns or sacred formulas); a liturgical prose exposition called a Brahmana; and two appendices to the Brahmana—an Aranyaka (“Book of the Wilderness”), which contains esoteric doctrines meant to be studied by the initiated in the forest or some other remote place,…

Sami, any member of a people speaking the Sami language and inhabiting Lapland and adjacent areas of northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland, as well as the Kola Peninsula of Russia, a region they call Sápmi. Although a number of Sami languages exist, many Sami no longer speak their native language,

Norway: Constitutional framework: The Sami Act of 1987 sought to enable the Sami people “to safeguard and develop their language, culture, and way of life” and created the Sameting, the Sami Parliament, the business of which, according to the constitution, is “any matter that in the view of the…

Sami language, any of three members of the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family, spoken by the Sami (Lapp) people in northern Finland, Sweden, and Norway and on the Kola Peninsula in Russia. The Sami languages, which are mutually unintelligible, are sometimes considered dialects of one

saturniid moth: Major species: The caterpillar of the cynthia moth (Samia cynthia or walkeri), also known as the ailanthus silk moth, native to Asia and introduced into North America, feeds chiefly on leaves of the ailanthus tree and the castor oil plant. The olive green adult has a distinctive pattern of crescents on…

saturniid moth: Major species: The caterpillar of the cynthia moth (Samia cynthia or walkeri), also known as the ailanthus silk moth, native to Asia and introduced into North America, feeds chiefly on leaves of the ailanthus tree and the castor oil plant. The olive green adult has a distinctive pattern of crescents on…

terra sigillata ware, bright-red, polished pottery used throughout the Roman Empire from the 1st century bc to the 3rd century ad. The term means literally ware made of clay impressed with designs. Other names for the ware are Samian ware (a misnomer, since it has nothing to do with the island of