miracle play: …these is a play called St. John the Hairy. At the outset the title character seduces and murders a princess. Upon capture, he is proclaimed a saint by an infant. He confesses his crime, whereupon God and Mary appear and aid John in reviving the princess, which done, the murderer…

Highland Park, city, Lake county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. Lying on Lake Michigan, it is a suburb of Chicago, located some 25 miles (40 km) north of downtown. Potawatomi Indians were recent inhabitants of the area when settlement of the site began in 1834. The community was called St. Johns and

St. John’s, capital and largest city of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, at the eastern end of the Avalon Peninsula. It stands on the steep, western slope of an excellent landlocked harbour that opens suddenly to the Atlantic. The entrance, known as the Narrows, guarded by Signal

carob, (Ceratonia siliqua), tree of the pea family (Fabaceae), grown for its edible pods. Carob is native to the eastern Mediterranean region and is cultivated elsewhere. The ripe dried pods can be ground into a powder that is somewhat similar in flavour to cocoa, and carob powder, chips, and

Washington, D.C.: Lafayette Square: In 1816 St. John’s Church was built across the square facing the White House and became known as the “Church of the Presidents.” The neighborhood was filled with elegant mansions owned by cabinet officials, foreign diplomats, vice presidents, socialites, philanthropists, and others, including former first lady Dolley…

St. John’s College, private coeducational institution of higher education at Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.; there is also a campus in Santa Fe, New Mexico. St. John’s bases its study of the liberal arts on the great books of the Western world. Founded by the Episcopal church in 1784, the college traces

Fordham University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in New York City, New York, U.S., and the nearby area. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. The university consists of the original Rose Hill campus in the north Bronx, the Lincoln Center

Brazil: Sports and recreation: …Day, on September 7, and St. John’s Night (Noite de São João) in June. The latter is celebrated with bonfires, fireworks, and the launching of small paper hot-air balloons. Along the coast on New Year’s Day (a national holiday), fishers pay homage to the African deity Iemanjá, goddess of the…

Rome: The Caelian: The Hospital of St. John was founded in the Middle Ages as a dependence of the church of San Giovanni in Laterano (St. John Lateran), just off the hill, and maintains its Romanesque gateway. The Hospital of St. Thomas, established at the same period, has disappeared…

Michel-Guillaume-Saint-Jean de Crèvecoeur was a French American author whose work provided a broad picture of life in the New World. After study in Jesuit schools and four years as an officer and mapmaker in Canada, Crèvecoeur chose in 1759 to remain in the New World. He wandered the Ohio and Great

Joan Fontaine was an English American actress who was known for her portrayals of troubled beauties. De Havilland was born in Tokyo, where her English father worked as a patent attorney and language professor; her mother was an actress. In 1919 she and her elder sister, Olivia, moved with their

Adela Rogers St. Johns was an American journalist, novelist, and screenwriter best known as a reporter for Hearst newspapers and for her interviews of motion picture stars. The daughter of a noted criminal lawyer, St. Johns often went to courtrooms in her youth. She began her career in journalism,

Trinidad and Tobago: Colonial period: …San José of Oruña (now Saint Joseph), which served as the capital until 1784. Even after 1592 the development of the island proceeded slowly. Few Spaniards immigrated to Trinidad; only a handful of African slaves were imported; and there was little production or export. In the 17th and early 18th…

St. Joseph, city, seat (1846) of Buchanan county, northwestern Missouri, U.S. It is located on the Missouri River (there bridged to Elwood, Kansas), 28 miles (45 km) north of Kansas City. A trading post was established (1826) on the site by Joseph Robidoux, a French Canadian trapper from St. Louis.

St. Joseph the Carpenter, oil painting created about 1642–44 by French artist Georges de la Tour. One of the candle-lit paintings for which Tour is best known, this intimate religious scene is also touchingly human. The story of the artist’s life and works is patchy. Although he enjoyed success and

Lebanon: Education: …University of Beirut (1866), the Université Saint-Joseph (1875; subsidized by the French government and administered by the Jesuit order), the Lebanese University (Université Libanaise; 1951), and the Beirut Arab University (1960; an affiliate of the University of Alexandria).

Schuyler Colfax: …his youth, Colfax founded the St. Joseph Valley Register (1845), which became one of the most influential papers in the state during his 18 years as editor. In the fluctuating political situation preceding the American Civil War (1861–65), he shifted from the Whig Party to the Know-Nothing Party and finally…

Lisbon: Disaster and reconstruction: …and transformed their establishment into St. Joseph’s Hospital to replace the destroyed All Saints Hospital. The medical school scrambled for room at St. Joseph’s until it acquired a new building of its own late in the 19th century. The Jesuit novice house was converted to serve as the Nobles’ School.…

Montreal: Early settlement: The first hospital, the Hôtel-Dieu, was founded in 1644 by Jeanne Mance and the first school for girls in 1653 by Marguerite Bourgeoys. Almost immediately, a society of priests, Les Messieurs de Saint-Sulpice, took charge of education for boys.

Lassen Peak, volcanic peak in northern California, U.S., the principal attraction of Lassen Volcanic National Park. The peak stands at the southern end of the Cascade Range, some 50 miles (80 km) east of Redding, and rises above the surrounding area to an elevation of 10,457 feet (3,187 metres). It

St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, one of the leading pediatric hospitals and health care charities in the United States. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, located in Memphis, Tennessee, specializes in the treatment of children with cancer and other catastrophic diseases, defined as

Andrea del Castagno: …Castagno adopted for his outstanding St. Julian (1454–55) show Domenico’s influence.

African Americans and Horse Racing: In 2000 jockey Marlon St. Julien became the first African American to ride in the Kentucky Derby since 1921. He finished seventh. In that same year William E. Summers IV chaired the Derby Festival Board, only the second African American to do so. “It’s great having an African…

St. Kilda, cluster of three small Atlantic islands in the Outer Hebrides group, Western Isles council area, Scotland, situated 110 miles (180 km) from the mainland. The islands, which escaped glaciation during the Ice Age, present a bare rocky interior and sea cliffs rising to 1,300 feet (400

Tony Lockett: …Football League (AFL) career with St. Kilda in 1983. He became a powerful and often controversial full-forward, and some of his rugged exchanges on the ground led to Tribunal suspensions. Nevertheless, in 1987 Lockett won Australian rules football’s highest individual award, the Brownlow Medal. His departure from St. Kilda (where…

Douglas Dunn: …they had greater praise for St. Kilda’s Parliament (1981), noting Dunn’s mastery of blank verse and his treatment of Scottish themes. Europa’s Lover (1982) is a long poem celebrating the best of European values.

railroad: Canadian railroads: …it was known as the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad in the three northern New England states and the St. Lawrence and Atlantic in Quebec. At the behest of the Maine promoters of this line, a gauge of 5 feet 6 inches (1,676 mm) was adopted to exclude Boston and…

St. Lawrence River, hydrographic system of east-central North America. It starts at the outflow of Lake Ontario and leads into the Atlantic Ocean in the extreme east of Canada, opening much of the interior of the North American continent. As the basis for the St. Lawrence Seaway, which extends some

St. Lawrence Seaway, continuous navigable deep waterway project from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes, undertaken jointly by Canada and the United States and completed in 1959. The St. Lawrence Seaway opened North America’s industrial and agricultural heartlands to deep-draft ocean vessels. It

Battle of Oriskany: British troops under Lieutenant Colonel Barry St. Leger were marching eastward across central New York to join with British forces at Albany. En route, they arrived at Fort Stanwix (also called Fort Schuyler; now Rome, New York) and demanded its surrender. Attempting to come to the fort’s rescue, 800 colonial…

Gian Lorenzo Bernini: Patronage of Urban VIII of Gian Lorenzo Bernini: …only one of the latter, St. Longinus, was designed by him. He also made a series of portrait busts of Urban VIII, but the first bust to achieve the quality of his earlier portraits is that of his great patron, Scipione Cardinal Borghese (1632). The cardinal is shown in the…

Donatello: Early career: …more than life-size statue of St. Louis of Toulouse (c. 1423) for a niche at Orsanmichele (replaced a half-century later by Verrocchio’s bronze group of Christ and the doubting Thomas). About 1460 the St. Louis was transferred to Santa Croce and is now in the museum attached to the church.…

St. Louis, city, adjacent to but independent of St. Louis county, east-central Missouri, U.S. It lies on the west bank of the Mississippi River (bridged there at several points) opposite East St. Louis, Illinois, just south of the confluence of the Missouri River. The city’s boundaries have

St. Louis 1904 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in St. Louis, Missouri, that took place July 1–November 23, 1904. The St. Louis Games were the third occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. Like the 1900 Olympics in Paris, the 1904 Games took a secondary role. The Games originally were

Saint Louis University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in St. Louis, Mo., U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. The university comprises the colleges of arts and sciences, philosophy and letters, public service, and health sciences, Parks

W.C. Handy: …works is the classic “St. Louis Blues.”

St. Louis Blues, American professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis, Missouri, that plays in the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Blues have appeared in four Stanley Cup finals (1968–70 and 2019) and have won one championship (2019). The Blues (whose name is derived

Eartha Kitt: …Shinbone Alley (1957); films, including St. Louis Blues (1958) and Anna Lucasta (1959); and television appearances, notably the role of Catwoman in the late 1960s series Batman. After she publicly criticized the Vietnam War at a 1968 White House luncheon in the presence of the first lady, Lady

Bessie Smith: …in a short motion picture, St. Louis Blues (1929), since 2006 preserved in the National Film Registry of the U.S. Library of Congress. The film, based on the lyrics of the song, which Smith sings, is the only known footage of the singer and shows the emotional power of her…

St. Louis Cardinals, American professional baseball team established in 1882 that plays in the National League (NL). Based in St. Louis, Missouri, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series titles and 23 league pennants. Second only to the New York Yankees in World Series championships, St. Louis is

St. Louis Cardinals, American professional baseball team established in 1882 that plays in the National League (NL). Based in St. Louis, Missouri, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series titles and 23 league pennants. Second only to the New York Yankees in World Series championships, St. Louis is

St. Louis Cardinals, American professional baseball team established in 1882 that plays in the National League (NL). Based in St. Louis, Missouri, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series titles and 23 league pennants. Second only to the New York Yankees in World Series championships, St. Louis is

Saint Louis University, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in St. Louis, Mo., U.S. It is affiliated with the Jesuit order of the Roman Catholic Church. The university comprises the colleges of arts and sciences, philosophy and letters, public service, and health sciences, Parks

equine encephalitis: …types include Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis, which are caused by strains of flavivirus.

Elijah P. Lovejoy: …he became editor of the St. Louis Observer, a Presbyterian weekly in which he strongly condemned slavery and supported gradual emancipation. Missouri was a slave state, and in 1835 a letter signed by a number of important men in St. Louis requested him to moderate the tone of his editorials.…

St. Louis Cardinals, American professional baseball team established in 1882 that plays in the National League (NL). Based in St. Louis, Missouri, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series titles and 23 league pennants. Second only to the New York Yankees in World Series championships, St. Louis is

Nicholas Brothers: The 1940s: Stormy Weather and St. Louis Woman: …on Broadway in the musical St. Louis Woman (1946), with music by Harold Arlen, lyrics by Johnny Mercer, and book by Arna Bontemps and Countee Cullen; also featured were Pearl Bailey, Rex Ingram, and Ruby Hill. In 1948 they headlined the indoor circus extravaganza Cirque Medrano in Paris. The following…

St. Louis: History: In 1904 the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (also known as the St. Louis World’s Fair) was held just west of the city in Forest Park to commemorate the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase. This event, in conjunction with the 1904 Olympic Games in the city, brought it international attention.…

Tampa Bay Lightning: …of the league’s leading scorer, Martin St. Louis—had the best record in the Eastern Conference and advanced to the Stanley Cup finals. There the team defeated the Calgary Flames in a thrilling seven-game series that ended with four games that were decided by one goal, two of them overtime contests.…

Black Hawk War: Background: the Treaty of 1804 and white settlement of the Northwest Territory: At the centre of the Black Hawk War was a treaty between the Sauk and Fox peoples and the United States that had been signed in St. Louis in November 1804, by which the Indians…

Sure, you’ve seen Meet Me in St. Louis and might even know all about Chuck Berry, Cardinals baseball, and St. Louis blues music. But the Gateway to the West is known for much more than that—much more, even, than we can cover in a short list. We can try, though! Here, in no particular order, are 10

Zuiderzee floods: Called the St. Lucia flood, this event also created direct sea access for the village of Amsterdam, allowing its development into a major port city.

St. Lucia’s Day, feast day in honor of St. Lucia (St. Lucy), one of the earliest Christian martyrs, celebrated on December 13. St. Lucia’s Day is particularly important in Sweden, Norway, and the Swedish-speaking areas of Finland, and is celebrated as a festival of lights meant to bring hope and

St. Lucia’s Day is an important holiday celebrating light during the long, dark winter—especially in Scandinavia, where some regions may see only a few hours of daylight. The holiday is celebrated on December 13, close to the winter solstice, which is the shortest day of the year. (In the Julian

Domenico Veneziano: …Church of Santa Lucia dei Magnoli, usually called the St. Lucy Altarpiece, which was probably painted about 1445. The central panel, Madonna and Child Enthroned with St. Francis, John the Baptist, St. Zenobius, and St. Lucy, is one of the outstanding paintings produced in Florence in the middle of the…

Rogier van der Weyden: …early paintings by Rogier as St. Luke Drawing the Virgin. Although as an apprentice Rogier must certainly have met Jan van Eyck when the latter visited Tournai in 1427, it was more likely in Bruges, where Rogier may have resided between 1432 and 1435, that he became thoroughly acquainted with…

oratorio: Oratorio after 1750: …especially notable oratorio is the St. Luke Passion of the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki. See also Passion music.

Maggie L. Walker: …African Americans and became the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company. Walker served thereafter as the bank’s chairman of the board. She also helped found the Richmond Council of Colored Women in 1912. Serving as president, she helped raise large sums for the support of such institutions as Janie Porter Barrett’s…

Donatello: Early career: …appeared in two marble statues, St. Mark and St. George (both completed c. 1415), for niches on the exterior of Orsanmichele, the church of Florentine guilds (St. George has been replaced by a copy; the original is now in the Museo Nazionale del Bargello). Here, for the first time since…

Gentile Bellini: …but lesser-known work is his St. Mark Preaching in Alexandria (1493–1507), which was finished after Gentile’s death by his brother, Giovanni, one of the best Venetian painters of the Renaissance. Gentile’s paintings are of great interest today primarily as records of Venetian life and architecture during the 15th century.

Chesterfield: …14th-century parish church, dedicated to St. Mary and All Saints, has a lead-covered wooden spire 228 feet (69 metres) high, which, as a result of timber warping, is twisted nearly 8 feet (2.5 metres) out of the vertical. Area borough, 25 square miles (66 square km). Pop. (2001) town, 70,260;…

Madeleine, Paris church designed by Pierre-Alexandre Vignon in 1806. Together with the Arc de Triomphe (1806–08) and the Vendôme Column, the Madeleine is one of the monuments with which Napoleon sought to turn Paris into an imperial capital. Built in the form of a Roman temple surrounded by a

Tintoretto: Career: Mary of Egypt and the St. Mary Magdalene immersed in an incandescent hazy atmosphere in which things are animated with a life of their own: an invitation to the contemplative life of the 70-year-old painter, more than ever leaning toward the view of humanity and its destiny offered by the…

Tintoretto: Career: …ground floor hall, with the St. Mary of Egypt and the St. Mary Magdalene immersed in an incandescent hazy atmosphere in which things are animated with a life of their own: an invitation to the contemplative life of the 70-year-old painter, more than ever leaning toward the view of humanity…

Western architecture: Early Renaissance in Italy (1401–95): …a central-plan church, that of Santa Maria degli Angeli (begun 1434) at Florence, which was never completed. It was very important because it was the first central-plan church of the Renaissance, the type of plan which dominates Renaissance thinking. The plan is an octagon on the interior and 16-sided on…

Santa Maria dei Frari, Franciscan church in Venice, originally built in the mid-13th century but rebuilt in Gothic style in the 15th century. This important example of Venetian Gothic ecclesiastical architecture (often referred to simply as the Frari) contains many masterpieces of Venetian

Aksum: According to tradition, the Church of St. Mary of Zion contains the Ark of the Covenant. Over the centuries, however, the church has been destroyed and rebuilt several times; the present structure dates from the 17th century. Emperor Haile Selassie I built the new Church of St. Mary of…

Flinders Ranges: …3,825 feet (1,166 metres) at St. Mary Peak, the state’s second highest peak. The ranges contain Ediacara fauna, an assemblage of fossilized Precambrian animals. Scenic landscapes include the Germein and Alligator gorges, the Wilpena Pound Depression, and the Arkaba Hills. There are two major national parks, Flinders Ranges National Park…

Bristol: The contemporary city: …war is the church of St. Mary Redcliffe, a 14th-century structure whose grandeur of proportion and majestic Perpendicular Gothic design have made it one of the most celebrated parish churches in England. Bristol’s cathedral church, which originated as the abbey church of St. Augustine of Canterbury (founded 1142), is famous…

Fulton: …campus the 12th-century Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Aldermanbury, redesigned by Sir Christopher Wren in the 17th century. A document signed by President John F. Kennedy making Churchill an honorary U.S. citizen is among the college’s memorabilia. Fulton is the site of a state hospital and a school for…

Cork: The Roman Catholic St. Mary’s Cathedral was built in 1808. Queen’s College, opened in 1849, became part of the National University of Ireland in 1908. It is now known as University College Cork–National University of Ireland, Cork. Cork also has an institute of technology (which is a training…

Kraków: The contemporary city: …are the many churches, including St. Mary’s Church (Kościół Mariacki), the main section of which dates from 1497. It contains a stained-glass window from 1370 and a magnificent altar (1477–89) by Veit Stoss (Wit Stosz). Wawel Cathedral houses several ornate chapels and burial chambers, along with a collection of ecclesiastical…

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: …1918 the hospital was renamed Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital in her honour.

University of Dayton, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Dayton, Ohio, U.S. The university is affiliated with the Marianist order (Society of Mary) of the Roman Catholic church. It is composed of the College of Arts and Sciences and schools of business administration,

Nazareth: …the town well, now called St. Mary’s Well; others are in dispute between the various churches.

Tewkesbury: …the site of the present Abbey Church of St. Mary’s. The later medieval abbey was consecrated in 1123 and rebuilt after a fire in 1178; considerable additions were made in the 15th century. At the time of the dissolution of the monasteries (1536–39), the choir, transepts, and square Norman tower…

Salisbury Cathedral, Gothic cathedral in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, that was constructed between 1220 and 1258. It houses one of only four surviving copies of the Magna Carta. Known as the Cathedral of St. Mary, the building was raised to help found a new city called New Sarum. An earlier

Harriet Starr Cannon: …five women eventually founded the Community of St. Mary in 1865, the first women’s monastic order constituted by an Anglican bishop. Sister Harriet was elected first superior of the order, and she made her life vows in 1867. At first the order was met with widespread suspicion. Their very Roman…

Michelangelo: The middle years of Michelangelo: …of which only one, the St. Matthew, was even begun. Its writhing ecstatic motion shows the full blend of Leonardo’s fluid organic movement with Michelangelo’s own monumental power. This is also the first of Michelangelo’s unfinished works that have fascinated later observers. His figures seem to suggest that they are…

St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244, Passion music by Johann Sebastian Bach. Its earliest verified performance was April 11, 1727—Good Friday—at Thomaskirche in Leipzig. It is the longest and most elaborate of all works by this Baroque master and represents the culmination of his sacred music and, indeed,

Salerno: Matthew (San Matteo), founded in 845 and rebuilt in 1076–85 by Robert Guiscard. In the crypt is the sepulchre of St. Matthew, whose body was, according to legend, brought to Salerno in the 10th century. The cathedral also contains the tomb of Pope Gregory VII.

Western architecture: Second period, after 313 ce: …Egypt, and the martyrium-church of St. Menas, nearer the coast (first half of the 5th century), combine the influences of Constantinople and Italy in the three-lobed sanctuary, the transept, and the long basilica room with three aisles. The ties between the Latin West and the Greek East, particularly strong in…

Western architecture: Kievan Rus and Russia: …Assumption (Uspensky) Cathedral and the cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel, were largely modeled after the churches of Vladimir. The Italians were required to incorporate the basic features of Byzantine planning and design into the new cathedrals; it was only in the exterior decoration of St. Michael the Archangel that…

Belgium: Local government: …unitary state, culminating in the St. Michael’s Agreement (September 1992), which laid the groundwork for the establishment of the federal state (approved by the parliament in July 1993 and enshrined in a new, coordinated constitution in 1994). National authorities now share power with executive and legislative bodies representing the major…

Federico Sustris: …he built his best-known work, St. Michael’s Church. He began planning the structure in 1582 in collaboration with Wolfgang Muller. Sustris was essentially self-taught as an architect, and his contribution to the work—the design of the chancel and transepts—is less structural than decorative. Nevertheless, the impression of dynamic interior space…

10 Tallest Churches in the World: St. Michael’s Church: 433 feet (132 meters): Often called simply Michel, St. Michael’s Church is one of Hamburg’s best-known landmarks and a major example of North German Baroque architecture. Built after the Reformation, the church was conceived as a Lutheran church and thus stands in contrast to many other German churches, which were originally Roman Catholic.…

St. Moritz 1928 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in St. Moritz, Switzerland, that took place February 11–19, 1928. The St. Moritz Games were the second occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games. The St. Moritz Olympics, held at a ski resort, were marred by bad weather. The culprit was the

St. Moritz 1948 Olympic Winter Games, athletic festival held in St. Moritz, Switzerland, that took place January 30–February 8, 1948. The St. Moritz Games were the fifth occurrence of the Winter Olympic Games. After an absence of 12 years as a result of World War II, Olympic competition returned.

Kinsale: St. Multose, a medieval church built in the late 12th century, is among the Church of Ireland’s oldest churches. The town has a fishery pier and a harbour and is a sport fishing centre. Manufactures include sheet steel, electrical components, and yacht equipment. Traditional craft…

Ohrid: The 10th-century monastery of Sveti Naum (St. Naum), about 19 miles (31 km) south, crowns a prominent crag on the North Macedonia–Albania frontier and overlooks Lake Ohrid. Pop. (2002) 42,033; (2014 est.) 39,250.

children’s literature: Peaks and plateaus (1865–1940): …Boy) and the relatively nondidactic St. Nicholas magazine (1873–1939), which exerted a powerful influence on its exclusively respectable child readers. (It is surely needless to point out that up to the 1960s children’s literature has been by and for the middle class). These magazines published the best material they could…

St. Nicholas Day, feast day (December 6) of St. Nicholas, the 4th-century bishop of Myra. St. Nicholas is the patron saint of Russia and Greece, of a number of cities, and of sailors and children, among many other groups, and was noted for his generosity. Some countries celebrate St. Nicholas Day

Berlin: The city layout: …the old city enclave, the St. Nicholas Quarter (Nikolaiviertel), which includes replicas of townhouses from three centuries.

Moscow: The Kremlin of Moscow: …Red Square front is the St. Nicholas (Nikolskaya) Tower, built originally in 1491 and rebuilt in 1806. The two other principal gate towers—the Trinity (Troitskaya) Tower, with a bridge and outer barbican (the Kutafya Tower), and the Borovitskaya Tower—rise from the western wall.

Metéora: St. Nikolas (Áyios Nikolaos), Holy Trinity (Áyia Triada), and St. Stephen (Áyios Stéfanos). Some still serve a religious function, though they are now only sparsely populated by monks and nuns. Since the construction of paved roads through the area in the 1960s, it has been…

Moscow: The Kremlin of Moscow: …Red Square front is the St. Nicholas (Nikolskaya) Tower, built originally in 1491 and rebuilt in 1806. The two other principal gate towers—the Trinity (Troitskaya) Tower, with a bridge and outer barbican (the Kutafya Tower), and the Borovitskaya Tower—rise from the western wall.

Green Bay: St. Norbert College (1898) is in nearby De Pere. Inc. 1854. Pop. (2010) 104,057; Green Bay Metro Area, 306,241; (2020) 107,395; Green Bay Metro Area, 328,268.

Maynooth: St. Patrick’s College at Maynooth is the largest Roman Catholic seminary in the British Isles; it was established in 1795 on the site of a college founded by the earl of Kildare in the 16th century and is now part of the National University of…

St. Patrick’s Day, holiday honoring St. Patrick, patron saint of Ireland. It is held annually on March 17, which is St. Patrick’s feast day. Originally observed with religious services and feasts, the day was later transformed by emigrants—particularly to the United States—into a largely secular

March 17 began as a feast day in observance of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. Over time, the holiday evolved into a secular celebration of Irish culture, green beer, and anything with a shamrock on it. Irish immigrants to the United States were largely responsible for the transition, and