• Richardson, Henry Handel (Australian novelist)

    Henry Handel Richardson was an Australian novelist whose trilogy The Fortunes of Richard Mahony, combining description of an Australian immigrant’s life and work in the goldfields with a powerful character study, is considered the crowning achievement of modern Australian fiction to that time. From

  • Richardson, J. P. (American deejay, songwriter, and recording artist)

    Buddy Holly: Winter Dance Party of 1959 and plane crash: 
co-headliners Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper (J.P. Richardson) were killed in a plane crash.

  • Richardson, John (Canadian writer)

    John Richardson was a Canadian writer of historical and autobiographical romantic novels. Little is known of Richardson’s early years. As a British volunteer in the War of 1812, he was taken prisoner and held in Kentucky. After his release some nine months later, he served as a British officer in

  • Richardson, Jonathan (English critic)

    art criticism: Art criticism in the 18th century: Enlightenment theory: 
the 18th century, the Englishman Jonathan Richardson became the first person to develop a system of art criticism. In An Essay on the Whole Art of Criticism as It Relates to Painting and An Argument in Behalf of the Science of a Connoisseur (both 1719), he develops a practical system


  • Richardson, Lewis Fry (British physicist)

    Lewis Fry Richardson was a British physicist and psychologist who was the first to apply mathematical techniques to predict the weather accurately. Richardson made major contributions to methods of solving certain types of problems in physics, and from 1913 to 1922 he applied his ideas to

  • Richardson, Mike (American publisher)

    Dark Horse Comics: 
in 1986 by comics retailer Mike Richardson. In an industry dominated by the so-called “Big Two” (Marvel Comics and DC Comics), Dark Horse ranks as one of the largest independent comic companies. Its headquarters are in Milwaukie, Oregon.

  • Richardson, Miranda (British actress)

    Neil Gaiman: Film and TV adaptations and sexual assault allegations: Michael Sheen, Jon Hamm, and Miranda Richardson. In 2022 Netflix debuted a TV series based on The Sandman.

  • Richardson, Natasha (British actress)

    Liam Neeson: Personal life: In 1994 Neeson married Natasha Richardson, his costar in the stage production of Anna Christie (1992). She was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and director Tony Richardson. Neeson and Richardson later had two sons, Micheál and Daniel Neeson. The couple was together until Richardson’s death in 2009; she


  • Richardson, Natasha Jane (British actress)

    Liam Neeson: Personal life: In 1994 Neeson married Natasha Richardson, his costar in the stage production of Anna Christie (1992). She was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and director Tony Richardson. Neeson and Richardson later had two sons, Micheál and Daniel Neeson. The couple was together until Richardson’s death in 2009; she


  • Richardson, Ralph (British actor)

    Ralph Richardson was a British stage and motion-picture actor who, with John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier, was one of the greatest British actors of his generation. Richardson began his acting career at age 18, performing in Shakespearean plays with a touring company. In 1926 he became a member of

  • Richardson, Robert C. (American physicist)

    Robert C. Richardson was an American physicist who was the corecipient, along with Douglas Osheroff and David Lee, of the 1996 Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3 (3He). Richardson received a Ph.D. in physics from Duke University (Durham, North

  • Richardson, Robert Coleman (American physicist)

    Robert C. Richardson was an American physicist who was the corecipient, along with Douglas Osheroff and David Lee, of the 1996 Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery of superfluidity in the isotope helium-3 (3He). Richardson received a Ph.D. in physics from Duke University (Durham, North

  • Richardson, Sallie Jayne (American poet)

    Jayne Cortez was an American poet especially noted for performing her own poetry, often accompanied by jazz. She recorded several CDs with her band, the Firespitters. Cortez was artistic director of the Watts Repertory Theatre Company from 1964 to 1970. Unfulfilled love, unromantic sex, and jazz

  • Richardson, Samuel (English novelist)

    Samuel Richardson was an English novelist who expanded the dramatic possibilities of the novel by his invention and use of the letter form (“epistolary novel”). His major novels were Pamela (1740) and Clarissa (1747–48). Richardson was 50 years old when he wrote Pamela, but of his first 50 years

  • Richardson, Sha’Carri (American athlete)

    Sha’Carri Richardson is one of the world’s fastest female sprinters, known for her record-breaking performances in the 100-meter dash. The American runner first garnered national attention in 2021 when she qualified for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo (delayed because of the COVID-19 pandemic), though

  • Richardson, Sir John (Scottish surgeon and explorer)

    Sir John Richardson was a Scottish naval surgeon and naturalist who made accurate surveys of more of the Canadian Arctic coast than any other explorer. After receiving his medical qualification at the University of Edinburgh and passing the examination of the Royal College of Surgeons of London

  • Richardson, Sir Owen Willans (British physicist)

    Sir Owen Willans Richardson was an English physicist and recipient of the 1928 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on electron emission by hot metals, the basic principle used in vacuum tubes. Richardson, a graduate (1900) of Trinity College, Cambridge, and a student of J.J. Thomson at the

  • Richardson, Sir Ralph David (British actor)

    Ralph Richardson was a British stage and motion-picture actor who, with John Gielgud and Laurence Olivier, was one of the greatest British actors of his generation. Richardson began his acting career at age 18, performing in Shakespearean plays with a touring company. In 1926 he became a member of

  • Richardson, Tony (British director and producer)

    Tony Richardson was an English theatrical and motion-picture director whose experimental productions stimulated a renewal of creative vitality on the British stage during the 1950s. He was also known for his film adaptations of literary and dramatic works. In 1953, after graduating from the

  • Richardson, William (British pioneer settler)

    San Francisco: Exploration and early settlement: 
settler was an Englishman, Captain William Anthony Richardson, who in 1835 cleared a plot of land and erected San Francisco’s first dwelling—a tent made of four pieces of redwood and a ship’s foresail. In the same year, the United States tried unsuccessfully to buy San Francisco Bay from the Mexican


  • Richardson, William Anthony (British pioneer settler)

    San Francisco: Exploration and early settlement: 
settler was an Englishman, Captain William Anthony Richardson, who in 1835 cleared a plot of land and erected San Francisco’s first dwelling—a tent made of four pieces of redwood and a ship’s foresail. In the same year, the United States tried unsuccessfully to buy San Francisco Bay from the Mexican


  • Richardson, William Blaine III (American politician)

    Bill Richardson was an American politician, who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1983–97), a member of Pres. Bill Clinton’s cabinet (1997–2001), and governor of New Mexico (2003–11) and who sought the Democratic nomination for president in 2008. Richardson’s father, an

  • Richardson, Willis (American playwright)

    African American literature: Playwrights and editors: 
also inspired dramatists such as Willis Richardson, whose The Chip Woman’s Fortune (produced 1923) was the first nonmusical play by an African American to be produced on Broadway. African American editors such as Charles S. Johnson, whose monthly Opportunity was launched in 1923 under the auspices of the National Urban


  • Richardson-Dushman equation (physics)

    electricity: Thermionic emission: A formula known as Richardson’s law (first proposed by the English physicist Owen W. Richardson) is roughly valid for all metals. It is usually expressed in terms of the emission current density (J) as in amperes per square metre. The Boltzmann constant k has the value

  • Richat Structure (geographic feature, Mauritania)

    Richat Structure, large geographic feature with a diameter of about 50 km (30 miles), consisting of a series of concentric rings located in the Sahara near the town of Ouadane, Mauritania. Named for a Berber term for “feather,” the Richat Structure was originally thought to be an impact crater

  • Richborough (historical site, England, United Kingdom)

    Richborough, site of a Roman port (Rutupiae) in Dover district, administrative and historic county of Kent, England, located just north of Sandwich. After the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 ce, Rutupiae was established to guard the Wantsum Channel, which then separated the Isle of Thanet from the

  • Richbourg, John (American disc jockey)

    WLAC: Nashville’s Late Night R & B Beacon: Three white disc jockeys—John Richbourg, Gene Nobles, and Bill (“Hoss”) Allen—brought fame to themselves and WLAC by playing rhythm and blues, at least partly in response to the requests of returning World War II veterans who had been exposed to the new music in other parts of the


  • Riche, Barnabe (English author and soldier)

    Barnabe Rich was an English author and soldier whose Farewell to Militarie Profession (1581) was the source for Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. He entered military service in 1562 and fought in the Low Countries and in Ireland; he eventually became a captain. Later he was an informer for the crown in

  • Richecourt, Emmanuel, comte de (Habsburg official)

    Italy: Tuscany: Emmanuel, comte de Richecourt, who served in Tuscany for 20 years as the chief representative of the regent, Francis I, followed the main lines of Habsburg policy in Milan. Local aristocratic divisions, the privileged position of Florence (the Tuscan capital), and the corruption and private


  • Richelet, CĂ©sar-Pierre (French author)

    French literature: Refinement of the French language: 
appeared in the dictionaries of CĂ©sar-Pierre Richelet (1680) and Antoine FuretiĂšre (1690). A similar desire for systematic analysis inspired Claude Favre, sieur de Vaugelas, also an Academician, whose Remarques sur la langue françoise (1647) records polite usage of the time. In the field of literary theory the same rational approach


  • Richelieu River (river, Canada)

    Richelieu River, river in Montérégie region, southern Quebec province, Canada, rising from Lake Champlain, just north of the Canada-U.S. border, and flowing northward for 75 miles (120 km) to join the St. Lawrence River at Sorel. Explored in 1609 by Samuel de Champlain and named in 1642 in honour

  • Richelieu, Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, duke de (prime minister of France)

    Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, duke de Richelieu was a French nobleman, soldier, and statesman who, as premier of France (1815–18 and 1820–21), obtained the withdrawal of the Allied occupation army from France. Earlier, he had served Russia as governor of Odessa and was notable for his progressive

  • Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal et duc de (French cardinal and statesman)

    Cardinal Richelieu was the chief minister to King Louis XIII of France from 1624 to 1642. His major goals, which he largely accomplished, were the establishment of royal absolutism in France and the end of Spanish-Habsburg hegemony in Europe. The family du Plessis de Richelieu was of insignificant

  • Richelieu, Cardinal (French cardinal and statesman)

    Cardinal Richelieu was the chief minister to King Louis XIII of France from 1624 to 1642. His major goals, which he largely accomplished, were the establishment of royal absolutism in France and the end of Spanish-Habsburg hegemony in Europe. The family du Plessis de Richelieu was of insignificant

  • Richelieu, Emmanuel-Armand de Vignerot du Plessis de (French statesman)

    Emmanuel-Armand de Richelieu, duke d’Aiguillon was a French statesman, whose career illustrates the difficulties of the central government of the ancien rĂ©gime in dealing with the provincial Parlements and estates, the extent to which powerful ministers were at the mercy of court intrigue, and how

  • Richelieu, Louis-François-Armand du Plessis, Duke de (French marshal)

    Louis-François-Armand du Plessis, duke de Richelieu was a marshal of France, and grand-nephew of Cardinal de Richelieu. Louis was ambassador to Vienna in 1725 to 1729, and in 1733–34 he served in the Rhine campaign during the War of the Polish Succession. He fought with distinction at Dettingen and

  • Richemont, Arthur, Comte de (French military officer)

    Arthur, constable de Richemont was the constable of France (from 1425) who fought for Charles VII under the banner of Joan of Arc and later fought further battles against the English (1436–53) in the final years of the Hundred Years’ War. In childhood (1399) he had been given the English title of

  • Richemont, Arthur, ConnĂ©table de (French military officer)

    Arthur, constable de Richemont was the constable of France (from 1425) who fought for Charles VII under the banner of Joan of Arc and later fought further battles against the English (1436–53) in the final years of the Hundred Years’ War. In childhood (1399) he had been given the English title of

  • Richemont, Arthur, constable de (French military officer)

    Arthur, constable de Richemont was the constable of France (from 1425) who fought for Charles VII under the banner of Joan of Arc and later fought further battles against the English (1436–53) in the final years of the Hundred Years’ War. In childhood (1399) he had been given the English title of

  • Richen zampo (Buddhist monk)

    Rin-chen-bzang-po , also known as the "Great Translator," was a Tibetan Buddhist monk known primarily for his extensive translations of Indian Buddhist texts into Tibetan, thus furthering the subsequent development of Buddhism in Tibet. First sent to India in the late 10th century under Tibetan

  • Richepin, Jean (French author)

    Jean Richepin was a French poet, dramatist, and novelist who examined the lower levels of society in sharp, bold language. As Émile Zola revolutionized the novel with his naturalism, Richepin did the same for French poetry during that period. The son of a physician, Richepin began the study of

  • Richer, Jean (French astronomer)

    Jean Richer was a French astronomer whose observations of the planet Mars from Cayenne, French Guiana, in 1671–73 contributed to both astronomy and geodesy. The French government sent Richer to Cayenne to investigate atmospheric refraction at a site near the Equator, to observe the Sun to get a

  • Riches (painting by Vouet)

    Simon Vouet: 
influence with such works as Riches (c. 1630), which was probably part of the decorative program of the chñteau of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Engravings and surviving panels show that he had studied Italian illusionistic ceiling decoration; e.g., his work in the Chñteau de Chilly is derived from Guercino’s Aurora, and that in


  • Richet, Charles (French physiologist)

    Charles Richet was a French physiologist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of and coining of the term anaphylaxis, the life-threatening allergic reaction he observed in a sensitized animal upon second exposure to an antigen. This research provided the first

  • Richet, Charles Robert (French physiologist)

    Charles Richet was a French physiologist who won the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of and coining of the term anaphylaxis, the life-threatening allergic reaction he observed in a sensitized animal upon second exposure to an antigen. This research provided the first

  • Richie Rich (film by Petrie [1994])

    Macaulay Culkin: Early life and work: 
and, in the title role, Richie Rich (1994)—before taking a step back from acting.

  • Richie, Lionel (American singer, songwriter, and producer)

    Lionel Richie is an American singer, songwriter, and producer most admired for his smooth and soulful love ballads of the 1970s and ’80s. A highly versatile musician, he is able to perform—and skillfully blend—multiple musical styles, most notably funk, soul, rhythm and blues (R&B), and country.

  • Richie, Lionel Brockman, Jr. (American singer, songwriter, and producer)

    Lionel Richie is an American singer, songwriter, and producer most admired for his smooth and soulful love ballads of the 1970s and ’80s. A highly versatile musician, he is able to perform—and skillfully blend—multiple musical styles, most notably funk, soul, rhythm and blues (R&B), and country.

  • Richier, Germaine (French sculptor)

    Germaine Richier was a French avant-garde sculptor of provocative biomorphic figures. Richier studied art in Montpellier, went to in Paris in 1926, and learned to work with bronze in the studio of Antoine Bourdelle until 1929. In 1934 she began exhibiting classical busts, torsos, and figures (e.g.,

  • Richini, Francesco Maria (Italian architect)

    Milan: Cultural life: Its architect, Francesco Maria Ricchino, infused the whole Milanese Baroque with his severe style. The building’s Pinacoteca di Brera, founded in 1809 by Napoleon, is one of the largest art galleries in Italy and contains a fine collection of north Italian painting. The Palazzo di Brera also


  • Richland (county, South Carolina, United States)

    Richland, county, central South Carolina, U.S. It is bordered to the east by the Wateree River and to the west by the Broad River, which, after its confluence with the Saluda, becomes the Congaree River. The northern portion of the county lies in Fall Line hills, whereas the southern part consists

  • Richland (California, United States)

    Orange, city, Orange county, southern California, U.S. Adjacent to Anaheim (west) and Santa Ana (south), it lies along the Santa Ana River. Part of Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, the city was founded as Richland in 1869 by Alfred Chapman and Andrew Glassell, who received the land as payment for

  • Richland (Washington, United States)

    Richland, city, Benton county, south-central Washington, U.S., at the juncture of the Yakima and Columbia rivers. With Kennewick and Pasco, it forms a tri-city area. Named in 1905 for Nelson Rich, a local landowner and state legislator, it remained a farming village (population about 250) until

  • Richland (North Dakota, United States)

    Wahpeton, city, seat (1873) of Richland county, southeastern North Dakota, U.S. It lies on the Minnesota border across from Breckenridge, Minnesota, at the point where the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers merge to become the Red River of the North. Settled in 1864 by Morgan T. Rich and initially

  • Richler, Mordecai (Canadian novelist)

    Mordecai Richler was a prominent Canadian novelist whose incisive and penetrating works explore fundamental human dilemmas and values. Richler attended Sir George Williams University, Montreal (1950–51), and then lived in Paris (1951–52), where he was influenced and stimulated by Existentialist

  • Richman, Harry (American entertainer)

    Maureen O’Hara: 
was noticed by American singer Harry Richman, who recommended her for a screen test at a London film studio. The test was seen by English actor Charles Laughton, and he and his business partner, Erich Pommer, signed her to a seven-year contract with their production company, Mayflower Pictures. Having previously


  • Richman, Jonathan (American musician)

    the Velvet Underground: 
as Iggy and the Stooges, Jonathan Richman, Brian Eno, and Patti Smith; Cale also composed and released numerous orchestral works and movie scores. In 1989 Reed and Cale reunited to write and record Songs for Drella, an eloquent requiem for their mentor Warhol.

  • Richmond (New South Wales, Australia)

    Richmond, town, part of the Hawkesbury local government area, east-central New South Wales, Australia. It is situated on a hill on the Hawkesbury River. The district was explored in 1789 by Gov. Arthur Phillip, who named the hill Richmond Hill. A township was established there in 1810 by Gov.

  • Richmond (Tasmania, Australia)

    Richmond, town, southeastern Tasmania, Australia, part of the city of Clarence. It is situated on the Coal River in a wine region about 15 miles (26 km) northeast of Hobart. A camp was established in 1803 at Risdon Cove on the River Derwent, and a party from there explored the area to the east that

  • Richmond (North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom)

    Richmond, town (parish), Richmondshire district, administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. It is situated on the left bank of the River Swale where its dale (upland valley) opens into the plain. Richmond grew up in the shelter of a Norman castle (c.

  • Richmond (Kentucky, United States)

    Richmond, city, seat (1798) of Madison county, east-central Kentucky, U.S., in the outer Bluegrass region, near the Cumberland foothills. The city, on the old Wilderness Road, 25 miles (39 km) southeast of Lexington, was settled in 1785 by Colonel John Miller, who served at Yorktown during the

  • Richmond (county, New York, United States)

    Richmond, county (area 58 sq mi [48 sq km]), southeastern New York, U.S., coextensive with Staten Island borough, which comprises Staten Island (q.v.) and part or all of several smaller islands in New York Harbor. The borough is linked to Brooklyn by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (see photograph).

  • Richmond (Virginia, United States)

    Richmond, independent city and capital of Virginia, U.S., situated in the east-central part of the state at the head of navigation of the James River. It is the centre of a metropolitan area that includes Henrico, Chesterfield, and Hanover counties, although it is administratively independent of

  • Richmond (California, United States)

    Richmond, port city, Contra Costa county, western California, U.S. It lies on the northeastern shore of San Francisco Bay and is connected to Marin county by the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (1956), 16 miles (26 km) northeast of San Francisco. The site of ancient Ohlone Indian shell mounds, it became

  • Richmond (Indiana, United States)

    Richmond, city, seat (1873) of Wayne county, east-central Indiana, U.S. It is located on the East Fork of Whitewater River, 67 miles (108 km) east of Indianapolis at the Ohio border. Settled in 1806 by migrating North Carolina Quakers, it was first called Smithville and in 1818 amalgamated with

  • Richmond and Lennox, Charles Stuart, duke of (English noble)

    Frances Teresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond and Lennox: 
by Charles Stuart, duke of Richmond and Lennox.

  • Richmond and Lennox, Frances Teresa Stuart, duchess of (English mistress)

    Frances Teresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond and Lennox was a favourite mistress of Charles II of Great Britain. She also held the title of Duchess of Richmond and Lennox. The daughter of Walter Stuart (or Stewart), a physician in the household of Queen Henrietta Maria when in exile after the death

  • Richmond Bread Riot (American history [1863])

    Richmond Bread Riot, riot in Richmond, Virginia, on April 2, 1863, that was spawned by food deprivation during the American Civil War. The Richmond Bread Riot was the largest civil disturbance in the Confederacy during the war. During the Civil War, the population of Richmond, the capital of the

  • Richmond College (university, Richmond, Virginia, United States)

    University of Richmond, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Richmond, Virginia, U.S. It is affiliated with the Baptist General Association of Virginia. The university includes the School of Arts and Sciences, the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business, the Jepson School of

  • Richmond Professional Institute (school, Richmond, Virginia, United States)

    Virginia Commonwealth University: 
division was known as the Richmond Professional Institute; it separated from William and Mary and came under state control in 1962. The Medical College of Virginia and the Richmond Professional Institute merged in 1968 to form the present institution.

  • Richmond River (river, New South Wales, Australia)

    Richmond River, principal river of the North Coast district, New South Wales, Australia, rising on Mt. Lindesay, in the McPherson Range, and flowing southeast through Casino and Coraki, at which point it is joined by the Wilson River. The river then turns northeastward, entering the Pacific Ocean

  • Richmond School of Social Work and Public Health (school, Richmond, Virginia, United States)

    Virginia Commonwealth University: 
division was known as the Richmond Professional Institute; it separated from William and Mary and came under state control in 1962. The Medical College of Virginia and the Richmond Professional Institute merged in 1968 to form the present institution.

  • Richmond upon Thames (borough, London, United Kingdom)

    Richmond upon Thames, outer borough of London, England. It is drained by a 12-mile (19-km) section of the River Thames, which bisects the borough and also forms its northern and southern boundaries. Richmond upon Thames was established in 1965 by amalgamation of the boroughs of Barnes and Richmond,

  • Richmond Women’s Bread Riot (American history [1863])

    Richmond Bread Riot, riot in Richmond, Virginia, on April 2, 1863, that was spawned by food deprivation during the American Civil War. The Richmond Bread Riot was the largest civil disturbance in the Confederacy during the war. During the Civil War, the population of Richmond, the capital of the

  • Richmond, Arthur, Earl of (French military officer)

    Arthur, constable de Richemont was the constable of France (from 1425) who fought for Charles VII under the banner of Joan of Arc and later fought further battles against the English (1436–53) in the final years of the Hundred Years’ War. In childhood (1399) he had been given the English title of

  • Richmond, Bill (American boxer)

    boxing: The Queensberry rules: 
early fighters were former slaves—Bill Richmond and his protĂ©gĂ© Tom Molineaux. Both Richmond and Molineaux fought against the top English pugilists of the day; indeed, Molineaux fought Tom Cribb twice for the championship title, in 1810 and 1811. Soon British champions began touring the United States and fighting American


  • Richmond, Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of, 1st Duke of Lennox, Earl of March, Earl of DarnleyBaron of Settrington, Lord of Torboultoun (English noble [1672-1723])

    Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond was the son of Charles II of England by his mistress Louise de Kéroualle, duchess of Portsmouth. He was aide-de-camp to William III from 1693 to 1702 and lord of the bedchamber to George I from 1714 to 1723. Charles II awarded a number of peerages (duchies,

  • Richmond, Charles Lennox, 3rd duke of, 3rd duke of Lennox, duc d’Aubigny, earl of March, earl of Darnley, baron of Settrington, lord of Torboultoun (British politician [1735-1806])

    Charles Lennox, 3rd duke of Richmond was one of the most progressive British politicians of the 18th century, being chiefly known for his advanced views on parliamentary reform. Richmond succeeded to the peerage in 1750 (his father, the 2nd duke, having added the Aubigny title to the Richmond and

  • Richmond, Earl of (duke of Brittany [1340–1399])

    John IV (or V) was the duke of Brittany from 1365, whose support for English interests during the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) nearly cost him the forfeit of his duchy to the French crown. The instability of his reign is attributable not only to his alliances with England but also to his

  • Richmond, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of (English noble)

    Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey: 
Windsor with his father’s ward, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, who was the son of Henry VIII and his mistress Elizabeth Blount. In 1532, after talk of marriage with the princess Mary (daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon), he married Lady Frances de Vere, the 14-year-old daughter of


  • Richmond, Henry Tudor, earl of (fictional character)

    Richard III: Richard’s downfall and death in battle (Acts III–V): An army led by Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, challenges Richard’s claim to the throne. On the night before the Battle of Bosworth Field, Richard is haunted by the ghosts of all whom he has murdered. After a desperate fight, Richard is killed, and Richmond becomes King Henry VII.

  • Richmond, Henry Tudor, earl of (king of England)

    Henry VII was the king of England (1485–1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his father’s death. His father

  • Richmond, Henry Wilmot, 1st earl of (English nobleman)

    Henry Wilmot Richmond, 1st Earl of Richmond was a leading Royalist during the English Civil Wars, a principal adviser to the Prince of Wales, later Charles II. Wilmot was the son of Charles Wilmot (c. 1570–1644), the 1st earl of Athlone in the Irish peerage. Having fought against the Scots at

  • Richmond, John of Gaunt, earl of (English prince)

    John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster was an English prince, fourth but third surviving son of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional struggles of the reign of his nephew Richard II. He was the immediate ancestor of

  • Richmond, Lake (lake, Australia)

    Gordon River: The Gordon River rises from Lake Richmond in the King William Range of the central highlands and flows southeast around a great bend to the southwest and finally northwest to enter the Indian Ocean at Macquarie Harbour after a course of 115 miles (185 km). Its principal tributaries are the


  • Richmond, Mitch (American basketball player and coach)

    Golden State Warriors: 
guard Tim Hardaway, shooting guard Mitch Richmond, and small forward Chris Mullin. While Nelson’s teams were entertaining, they failed to advance past the second round in the playoffs over this period, and Nelson left the Warriors during the 1994–95 season. Golden State then entered a period that saw them post


  • Richmond, Ranulf de Blundeville, Earl of (English noble)

    Ranulf de Blundeville, 6th earl of Chester was the most celebrated of the early earls of Chester, with whom the family fortunes reached their peak. Ranulf succeeded his father Hugh de Kevelioc (1147–81), son of Ranulf, the 4th earl, in 1181 and was created Earl of Lincoln in 1217. He married

  • Richmond, University of (university, Richmond, Virginia, United States)

    University of Richmond, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Richmond, Virginia, U.S. It is affiliated with the Baptist General Association of Virginia. The university includes the School of Arts and Sciences, the E. Claiborne Robins School of Business, the Jepson School of

  • Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (bridge, California, United States)

    Richmond: 
to Marin county by the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (1956), 16 miles (26 km) northeast of San Francisco. The site of ancient Ohlone Indian shell mounds, it became part of Rancho San Pablo, settled by Francisco Castro in 1823. Ferry service was established to San Francisco in 1900 when Point Richmond


  • Richmondshire (district, England, United Kingdom)

    Richmondshire, district, administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, England. It is centred on the valleys of Swaledale and Wensleydale in the northwestern corner of the county. The town of Richmond is the administrative centre. The upper dales of the district are

  • richƍ (Japanese government)

    Japan: The ritsuryƍ system: known as kokushi, gunji, and richƍ, respectively. The posts of kokushi were filled by members of the central bureaucracy in turn, but the posts of gunji and richƍ were staffed by members of prominent local families.

  • Richter scale (seismology)

    Richter scale (ML), quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude (size), devised in 1935 by American seismologists Charles F. Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The earthquake’s magnitude is determined using the logarithm of the amplitude (height) of the largest seismic wave calibrated to a scale by

  • Richter, Adrian Ludwig (German painter)

    Western painting: Germany: 
followers, Moritz von Schwind and Adrian Ludwig Richter, in whose hand the intensity of the first generation declined into popular genre paintings (usually small pictures depicting everyday life, as opposed to some idealized existence) and the comfortable Romanticism of the Biedermeier period (1815–48).

  • Richter, Andy (American comedian and actor)

    Conan O’Brien: Late Night and The Tonight Show: 
O’Brien behind a desk, sidekick Andy Richter (who was with the program until 2000) helping his jokes along, and a hip band, led by Max Weinberg (drummer for Bruce Springsteen’s E Street Band), playing in the background—but O’Brien was as irreverent and silly as Letterman. His material was aimed squarely


  • Richter, Burton (American physicist)

    Burton Richter was an American physicist who was jointly awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize for Physics with Samuel C.C. Ting for the discovery of a new subatomic particle, the J/psi particle. Richter studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, where he received his doctorate in

  • Richter, Charles F. (American physicist)

    Charles F. Richter was an American physicist and seismologist who developed the Richter scale for measuring earthquake magnitude. Born on an Ohio farm, Richter moved with his mother to Los Angeles in 1916. He attended the University of Southern California (1916–17) and then studied physics at

  • Richter, Charles Francis (American physicist)

    Charles F. Richter was an American physicist and seismologist who developed the Richter scale for measuring earthquake magnitude. Born on an Ohio farm, Richter moved with his mother to Los Angeles in 1916. He attended the University of Southern California (1916–17) and then studied physics at

  • Richter, Conrad Michael (American author)

    Conrad Michael Richter was an American short-story writer and novelist known for his lyrical fiction about early America. As a young man, Richter did odd jobs and at age 19 became the editor of the Patton (Pennsylvania) Courier. He then worked as a reporter and founded a juvenile magazine that he

  • Richter, Curt Paul (American biologist)

    Curt Paul Richter was an American biologist who helped pioneer the discovery and study of biorhythms and who showed that humans’ biological processes can be strongly influenced by learned behavior. Richter attended Harvard University (B.S., 1917), and after a year as first lieutenant in the U.S.

  • Richter, Eugen (German politician)

    German Empire: The breach with the National Liberals: 
1884 joined the Progressives under Eugen Richter to form the German Radical Party (Deutsche Freisinnige Partei). In response, Bismarck struck a bargain with the Centre. He agreed that the conflict with the Roman Catholic Church should be called off and that any increase in the customs yield beyond 130 million