Australian Aboriginal peoples: Aesthetics: The rangga, or ceremonial poles, of eastern Arnhem Land, many of durable hardwood, bore ochre designs and long pendants of feathered twine. For mortuary rituals the Tiwi made large wooden grave posts, and shaped and decorated receptacles for bones were common in eastern Arnhem Land. Also…

reindeer, (Rangifer tarandus), species of deer (family Cervidae) found in the Arctic tundra and adjacent boreal forests of Greenland, Scandinavia, Russia, Alaska, and Canada. Reindeer have been domesticated in Europe. There are two varieties, or ecotypes: tundra reindeer and forest (or woodland)

Mangaia: …a volcanic interior, rising to Rangimotia (554 feet [169 metres]), which is encircled first by a swampy region and then by coral limestone cliffs 200–300 feet (60–90 metres) high. Its inland wetlands are fed by underground streams, and the island contains a network of subterranean caves. Mangaia was inhabited by…

French Polynesia: Relief: …miles (75 square km) in Rangiroa to a few acres of land barely protruding above the surface of the sea. With only porous, coral-based soils and with no permanent streams, they have no agricultural potential aside from the ever-present coconut trees. The lagoons, however, are a source of fish, pearls,…

Wiremu Kīngi was a Māori chief whose opposition to the colonial government’s purchase of tribal lands led to the First Taranaki War (1860–61) and inspired the Māori resistance throughout the 1860s to European colonization of New Zealand’s fertile North Island. After leading his Te Atiawa tribe from

Rangitata River, river in east-central South Island, New Zealand. It is formed by the confluence of the Clyde and Havelock rivers, which rise in the Southern Alps. The river’s name is of Maori derivation and means “low sky.” The river passes through the Rangitata Gorge, in the Alpine foothills, and

Rangitikei River, river in southwestern North Island, New Zealand. Rising on the east slopes of the Kaimanawa Mountains, it flows south and southwest for 150 miles (240 km) to enter South Taranaki Bight of the Tasman Sea, 60 miles (97 km) south of Wanganui. The river—with its principal tributaries,

Ernest B. Schoedsack: King Kong and other films of the early 1930s: …next wrote, produced, and directed Rango (1931), a mostly silent film shot in Sumatra about a pet orangutan who sacrifices himself to save a boy from a killer tiger. Schoedsack then shot footage in India for The Lives of a Bengal Lancer, which, like The Four Feathers, was to mix…

Nickelodeon: …more than $100 million, and Rango (2011) earned an Academy Award for best animated feature film. In addition, a Broadway musical based on SpongeBob SquarePants ran from 2017 to 2018.

rangoli, intricate traditional floor art that women in India design at the thresholds of their homes’ front doors, in their homes for puja (worship), and, often in more-resplendent forms, for festivals. Across India the designs have different names and styles, and women employ various materials to

Assam: Cultural life: The Bohag Bihu, celebrated in the spring (usually mid-April), marks the commencement of the new year (first day of the Bohag or Baishakh month). Also known as Rongali Bihu (from the Assamese word rong, connoting merrymaking and fun), it is accompanied by much dancing and singing.…

Yangon, city, capital of independent Myanmar (Burma) from 1948 to 2006, when the government officially proclaimed the new city of Nay Pyi Taw (Naypyidaw) the capital of the country. Yangon is located in the southern part of the country on the east bank of the Yangon, or Hlaing, River (eastern mouth

Frederick Barthelme: Rangoon, a collection of his surreal short fiction, drawings, and photographs, was published in 1970. This was soon followed by his novel War & War (1971). With the short stories of Moon Deluxe (1983), written in the present tense and almost all in the first…

Vishal Bhardwaj: Other films: Rangoon (2017), set during World War II, features Shahid Kapoor as Nawab Malik, a soldier in Subhas Chandra Bose’s Indian National Army; Saif Ali Khan as Rusi Billimoria, a film producer; and Kangana Ranaut as Julia, an actress who is romantically involved with Billimoria and…

Myanmar: The emergence of nationalism: Also in 1920 Rangoon College was raised to the status of a full university by the University Act. However, because the accompanying changes in the school’s administration and curriculum were viewed as elitist and exclusionary of the Burmese population, its students went on strike. Younger schoolchildren followed suit,…

Yangon River, marine estuary in southern Myanmar (Burma), formed at the city of Yangon (Rangoon) by the confluence of the Pegu and Myitmaka rivers. It empties into the Gulf of Martaban of the Andaman Sea, 25 miles (40 km) southeast. Linked west to the Irrawaddy River by the Twante Canal (first dug

Myanmar: The emergence of nationalism: Also in 1920 Rangoon College was raised to the status of a full university by the University Act. However, because the accompanying changes in the school’s administration and curriculum were viewed as elitist and exclusionary of the Burmese population, its students went on strike. Younger schoolchildren followed suit,…

Rangpur, city, northwestern Bangladesh. It lies on the Ghaghat River. Rangpur is an industrial center noted for the manufacture of dhurries (cotton carpets), bidis (cigarettes), and cigars. Rangpur was constituted a municipality in 1869. It contains eight government colleges affiliated with the

Sivasagar, town, eastern Assam state, northeastern India. Sivasagar lies on the Dikhu River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra River, about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Jorhat. The Tai-speaking Ahom people came to the area from Yunnan province, China, in the 13th century. Sivasagar was the capital of

lime: Types: The mandarin lime, also known as the Rangpur lime (C. ×limonia), is thought to be a lemon–mandarin orange hybrid and is commonly used to make marmalade. Finger limes (C. australasica), native to Australia, are a developing crop noted for their discrete juice vesicles, sometimes called “lime…

baked Alaska: …better supported, ascribes it to Charles Ranhofer, the head chef at Delmonico’s Restaurant in New York, who called it “Alaska, Florida” to mark the combination of cold and heat. Ranhofer retained that title in a cookbook he published in 1893, and it was only with the publication in 1896 of…

South Asian arts: Indian sculpture in the 2nd and 1st centuries bce: relief sculpture of Orissa: …later cave sculpture adorning the Rani Gumpha monastery. These, like other sculptures here, are in a poor state of preservation, but they represent the finest achievements at the site. Most remarkable is a long frieze, stretching between the arched doorways of the top story, representing a series of incidents that…

stepwell: Origins and major sites: …at India’s best-known stepwell, the Rani ki Vav (“Queen’s Stepwell”) in Patan (northern Gujarat), commissioned by Queen Udayamati about 1060 to commemorate her deceased spouse. Its enormous scale—210 feet (64 metres) long and 65 feet (20 metres) wide—probably contributed to the disastrous flooding that buried the almost-finished stepwell for nearly…

Lakshmi Bai was the rani (queen) of Jhansi (now in Uttar Pradesh, India) and a leader of the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. Manikarnika Tambe was born in Kashi (now Varanasi) in about 1827 or 1828 (the year of her birth is disputed, and some historians believe it was later than 1828, which is the

Kamarhati: …a group of temples, called Rani Rasmani’s Nabaratna, that are dedicated to the deities Kali, Krishna, and Shiva. Formerly included in Baranagar city, Kamarhati was constituted as a separate municipality in 1899. Pop. (2001) 314,507; (2011) 330,211.

Bollywood: Women in Bollywood: …are now remembered as trailblazers; Devika Rani, for instance, was known not only for playing difficult roles, such as a backward caste woman, but also for Indian cinema’s first on-screen kiss. Sridevi is regarded as the first female superstar, matching the likes of Amitabh Bachchan in terms of star power.

Rania al-Abdullah is the queen of Jordan from 1999. As the wife of King Abdullah II of Jordan, Rania drew on her position as queen to advocate on behalf of numerous causes, including the rights of women and children. Rania, whose family was of Palestinian descent (her father was from Tulkarm, her

Ranidae, family of wide-ranging frogs of the order Anura, containing several genera and more than 600 species. Representatives occur on every continent except Antarctica. Members of this group are referred to as the true frogs. Although most are aquatic or semiaquatic, a few ranids are ground

Paschal II was the pope from 1099 to 1118. He entered a monastery as a boy and was made cardinal by Pope St. Gregory VII about 1080. He was legate to Spain under Pope Urban II, whom he was elected to succeed on Aug. 13, 1099. Although Paschal fostered the First Crusade and followed Gregory’s great

Paschal II was the pope from 1099 to 1118. He entered a monastery as a boy and was made cardinal by Pope St. Gregory VII about 1080. He was legate to Spain under Pope Urban II, whom he was elected to succeed on Aug. 13, 1099. Although Paschal fostered the First Crusade and followed Gregory’s great

Rahr Plains: The Raniganj coalfields, some of the country’s largest, and adjacent deposits of iron ore, copper, lead, and zinc are used by the major iron and steel industrial complexes near Asansol and Durgapur. Other industries produce cotton and silk textiles, jute, paper, chemicals, fertilizers, gauges, bicycles, locomotives,…

frog and toad: Annotated classification: …cm (1–10 inches); 2 subfamilies: Raninae (worldwide except for southern South America, southern and central Australia, New Zealand, and eastern Polynesia) and Petropedetinae (Africa). Family Rhacophoridae No fossil record; 8 presacral vertebrae; vertebral column procoelous with Presacral VIII biconcave; intercalary cartilages present; 2 tarsals; aquatic larvae; 10 genera, 203

H2 receptor antagonist: …which include cimetidine (Tagamet) and ranitidine (Zantac), are used for short-term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and, in combination with antibiotics, for peptic ulcer.

Rania al-Abdullah is the queen of Jordan from 1999. As the wife of King Abdullah II of Jordan, Rania drew on her position as queen to advocate on behalf of numerous causes, including the rights of women and children. Rania, whose family was of Palestinian descent (her father was from Tulkarm, her

Rania al-Abdullah is the queen of Jordan from 1999. As the wife of King Abdullah II of Jordan, Rania drew on her position as queen to advocate on behalf of numerous causes, including the rights of women and children. Rania, whose family was of Palestinian descent (her father was from Tulkarm, her

Ranji Trophy, India’s primary domestic first-class cricket tournament, played annually by state and regional teams. It was launched in July 1934, with the first tournament being played in the 1934–35 season. The tournament has been held every year since then, except in 2020–21 because of the

Ranjit Singh was the founder and maharaja (1801–39) of the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab. Ranjit Singh was the first Indian in a millennium to turn the tide of invasion back into the homelands of the traditional conquerors of India, the Pashtuns (Afghans), and he thus became known as the Lion of the

Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji, Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar was one of the world’s greatest cricket players and, later, a ruler of his native state in India. After attending Trinity College, Cambridge (1890–93), he played for the Sussex cricket team in first-class county competition (1895–97,

organ: …of a single set, or rank, of pipes with each pipe corresponding to one key on the keyboard, or manual. Organs usually possess several sets of pipes (also known as stops, or registers), however, playable from several keyboards and a pedal board. Under their control are the various ranks of…

coal utilization: Coal rank: The formation of coal from a variety of plant materials via biochemical and geochemical processes is called coalification. The nature of the constituents in coal is related to the degree of coalification, the measurement of which is termed rank. Rank is usually assessed by…

chess: How do you play chess?: … and eight horizontal rows called ranks. These squares alternate between two colours: one light, such as white, beige, or yellow; and the other dark, such as black or green. The board is set between the two opponents so that each player has a light-coloured square at the right-hand corner.

J. Arthur Rank, Baron Rank was a British industrialist who became Great Britain’s chief distributor and one of the world’s major producers of motion pictures. The youngest son of Joseph Rank, a flour miller and Methodist philanthropist, he served (1952–69) as chairman of his family business, Ranks

J. Arthur Rank, Baron Rank was a British industrialist who became Great Britain’s chief distributor and one of the world’s major producers of motion pictures. The youngest son of Joseph Rank, a flour miller and Methodist philanthropist, he served (1952–69) as chairman of his family business, Ranks

Otto Rank was an Austrian psychologist who extended psychoanalytic theory to the study of legend, myth, art, and creativity and who suggested that the basis of anxiety neurosis is a psychological trauma occurring during the birth of the individual. Rank came from a poor family and attended trade

Leopold von Ranke was a leading German historian of the 19th century, whose scholarly method and way of teaching (he was the first to establish a historical seminar) had a great influence on Western historiography. He was ennobled (with the addition of von to his name) in 1865. Ranke was born into

Ranked voting is a method of election in which voters rank candidates in order of preference. If any single candidate receives a majority of first-preference votes, that candidate is deemed elected. If no candidate clears this hurdle, the last-place candidate is eliminated and that candidate’s

Ranked voting is a method of election in which voters rank candidates in order of preference. If any single candidate receives a majority of first-preference votes, that candidate is deemed elected. If no candidate clears this hurdle, the last-place candidate is eliminated and that candidate’s

Ranked-choice voting (RCV), a form of proportional voting (in contrast to a winner-take-all election), was invented in Europe in the 1850s and used in a smattering of places—Denmark, Ireland, Malta, and Australia—throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Ashtabula, Ohio, was the first place to

rackett, (from German Rank, “bend”), in music, double-reed wind instrument of the 16th and 17th centuries. It consisted of a short wooden or ivory cylinder typically bored with nine extremely narrow channels connected in a series. In the earlier forms the cylindrically bored channels emerged at the

Keewatin: …(Arviat, Baker Lake [Qamanittuaq], and Rankin Inlet [Kangiqtinq; the regional headquarters]), are economically dependent upon fur trapping, sealing, copper and gold mining, and handicrafts. The population is mostly Inuit. Pop. (2006) 8,348; (2011) 8,348.

the Shadows: …original members were lead guitarist Hank B. Marvin (original name Brian Robson Rankin; b. October 28, 1941, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England), rhythm guitarist Bruce Welch (original name Bruce Cripps; b. November 2, 1941, Bognor Regis, Sussex), bassist Jet Harris (byname of Terence Harris; b. July 6, 1939,…

Ian Rankin is a Scottish best-selling crime novelist, creator of the Inspector Rebus series. (For Rankin’s reflections on the Scottish capital, see Edinburgh: A City of Stories.) Rankin grew up in a small coal-mining town, where at a young age he displayed a talent for writing poetry. He studied

Ian Rankin is a Scottish best-selling crime novelist, creator of the Inspector Rebus series. (For Rankin’s reflections on the Scottish capital, see Edinburgh: A City of Stories.) Rankin grew up in a small coal-mining town, where at a young age he displayed a talent for writing poetry. He studied

Jeannette Rankin was the first woman member of the U.S. Congress, representing Montana in the House of Representatives (1917–19, 1941–43). Rankin was a vigorous feminist and a lifetime pacifist and crusader for social and electoral reform. Rankin graduated from the University of Montana in 1902.

golf: The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA): Jo-Anne Carner, Amy Alcott, and Judy Rankin. The most notable player to emerge during the ’70s was Nancy Lopez, who, by winning nine tournaments (including a record five straight) during her first full season on the tour (1978), was a major force in increasing the popularity and prestige of the…

Rankine cycle, in heat engines, ideal cyclical sequence of changes of pressure and temperature of a fluid, such as water, used in an engine, such as a steam engine. It is used as a thermodynamic standard for rating the performance of steam power plants. The cycle was described in 1859 by the

Rankine temperature scale, scale established in 1859 by Scottish engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine (1820–72), with its zero set to the theoretical temperature at which the molecules of a substance have the lowest energy (absolute zero). The Rankine (°R) scale is the absolute

Claudia Rankine is a Jamaican-born American poet, playwright, educator, and multimedia artist whose work often reflects a moral vision that deplores racism and perpetuates the call for social justice. She envisions her craft as a means to create something vivid, intimate, and transparent. At the

William John Macquorn Rankine was a Scottish engineer and physicist and one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics, particularly in reference to steam-engine theory. Trained as a civil engineer under Sir John Benjamin MacNeill, Rankine was appointed to the Queen Victoria chair of civil

Table of Ranks, (Jan. 24, 1722), classification of grades in the Russian military, naval, and civil services into a hierarchy of 14 categories and the foundation of a system of promotion based on personal ability and performance rather than on birth and genealogy. This system, introduced by Peter I

South Australia: Political characteristics: In 2004 Labor, under Mike Rann, issued a strategic plan focusing on economic development and improvements in health and education over the coming decade. Rann also persuaded the Labor Party to adopt a more positive attitude toward uranium mining.

The Book of Mormon: History and development: …Arnold Cunningham were performed by Andrew Rannells and Josh Gad, respectively, both of whom had already been playing those parts for some time in the workshops.

Rannoch, geographic region in the Grampian Mountains of Scotland, composed mainly of moorland and lochs (lakes). The region includes Loch Rannoch, part of the Tummel-Ericht hydroelectric scheme, and, south of the loch, Rannoch Moor, a bleak windswept area of 20 square miles (52 square km) of

Renenutet, in Egyptian religion, goddess of fertility and of the harvest, sometimes depicted in the form of a snake. In addition to her other functions, she was also counted as the protector of the

frog and toad: Annotated classification: Superfamily Ranoidea Pectoral girdle firmisternal; ribs absent; amplexus axillary; larvae with single sinistral spiracle and complex mouthparts or undergoing direct development. Family Arthroleptidae No fossil record; 8 presacral vertebrae; vertebral column procoelous with Presacral VIII (biconcave); aquatic larvae or direct development; 7 genera, 74 species; adult

Sindhia family: The dynasty was founded by Ranoji Sindhia, who in 1726 was put in charge of the Malwa region by the peshwa (chief minister of the Maratha state). By his death in 1750, Ranoji had established his capital at Ujjain. Only later was the Sindhia capital moved to the rock fortress…

Ranong, town, southern Thailand, on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. Ranong town is a fishing port in the Pakchan River estuary. Burma lies to the northwest, and there are highlands to the east. Ranong is also in a tin-mining region. Pop. (2000)

Alonzo J. Ransier was a black member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina during Reconstruction. Ransier was born a free black and received a rudimentary education. His career in public life began immediately after the American Civil War when, in 1865, he served as registrar of

Alonzo J. Ransier was a black member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina during Reconstruction. Ransier was born a free black and received a rudimentary education. His career in public life began immediately after the American Civil War when, in 1865, he served as registrar of

German literature: The turn of the 21st century: The Austrian writer Christoph Ransmayr’s powerful Morbus Kitahara (1995; The Dog King) is set in a dystopian landscape that resembles Mauthausen concentration camp and in an imagined alternative history in which Germany has not been permitted to redevelop its industrial capabilities following World War II. W.G. Sebald’s haunting…

Mel Gibson: …a string of successful films—including Ransom (1996) and Signs (2002)—Gibson returned to directing with The Passion of the Christ (2004), an account of the last 12 hours of Jesus Christ’s life that was based primarily on the biblical Gospels, with dialogue in Aramaic and Latin (with English subtitles). Although The

The Ransom of Red Chief, short story by O. Henry, published in the collection Whirligigs in 1910. In the story, two kidnappers make off with the young son of a prominent man only to find that the child is more trouble than he is worth; in the end, they agree to pay the boy’s father to take him

Basil Ransom, fictional character, an educated, autocratic, and elegant Confederate army veteran in Henry James’s novel The Bostonians

John Crowe Ransom was an American poet and critic, leading theorist of the Southern literary renaissance that began after World War I. Ransom’s The New Criticism (1941) provided the name of the influential mid-20th-century school of criticism (see New Criticism). Ransom, whose father was a

Arthur Ransome was an English writer best known for the Swallows and Amazons series of children’s novels (1930–47), which set the pattern for “holiday adventure” stories. After studying science for two terms at Yorkshire College, Leeds, Ransome pursued a literary career. His ambition was to be an

Arthur Ransome was an English writer best known for the Swallows and Amazons series of children’s novels (1930–47), which set the pattern for “holiday adventure” stories. After studying science for two terms at Yorkshire College, Leeds, Ransome pursued a literary career. His ambition was to be an

construction: The invention of reinforced concrete: In the United States Ernest Ransome paralleled Hennebique’s work, constructing factory buildings in concrete. High-rise structures in concrete followed the paradigm of the steel frame. Examples include the 16-story Ingalls Building (1903) in Cincinnati, which was 54 meters (180 feet) tall, and the 11-story Royal Liver Building (1909), built…

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti was a Nigerian feminist and political leader who was the leading advocate of women’s rights in her country during the first half of the 20th century. Her parents were Christians of Yoruba descent. She was the first female student at the Abeokuta Grammar School (a secondary

Fela Kuti was a Nigerian musician and activist who launched a modern style of music called Afro-beat, which fused American blues, jazz, and funk with traditional Yoruba music. Kuti was the son of feminist and labor activist Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti. As a youth he took lessons in piano and percussion

ransomware, malicious software (malware) that permanently blocks access to data or devices until the owner of the data pays a ransom. Ransomware generally works by gaining access to a computer system as a Trojan horse virus and encrypting the system’s files so that they cannot be accessed without a

Western painting: Symbolism: They included Paul Ranson, who gave the style a decorative and linear inflection, Pierre Bonnard, and Édouard Vuillard.

Celebes: Geography: The highest peak is Mount Rantekombola, or Mario, at 11,335 feet (3,455 meters). Major deep lakes (danau) are Towuti, Poso, and Matana, the latter having been sounded to 1,936 feet (590 meters). The rivers are short and unimportant.

Celebes: Geography: …160 inches (4,060 mm) in Rantepao (southwest-central section) to 21 inches (530 mm) in Palu (a rift valley near the western coast).

Laurence Claxton: …religious sect known as the Ranters.

Ranthambore National Park, wildlife preserve in the Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan state in northwestern India. It is located about 112 miles (180 km) from the state capital, Jaipur. The region was once the hunting grounds of the maharajas of Jaipur. In 1955 the Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary

Rantoul, village, Champaign county, east-central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 15 miles (25 km) north of Urbana. Settled with the arrival of the Illinois Central Railroad in 1854, it was named for Robert Rantoul, a director of the railroad. For much of the 20th century the economy was largely

Johan Rantzau was a hero of the Count’s War (1533–36), the Danish civil war that brought King Christian III to the throne. In 1523, as the youthful prefect of Gottorp and adviser to Duke Frederick of Holstein, Rantzau persuaded Frederick to accept the offer of the Danish throne from the nobles who

Ranulf de Blundeville, 6th earl of Chester was the most celebrated of the early earls of Chester, with whom the family fortunes reached their peak. Ranulf succeeded his father Hugh de Kevelioc (1147–81), son of Ranulf, the 4th earl, in 1181 and was created Earl of Lincoln in 1217. He married

Ranulf de Glanville was the justiciar or chief minister of England (1180–89) under King Henry II who was the reputed author of the first authoritative text on the common law, Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Angliae (c. 1188; “Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of

Ranulf de Glanville was the justiciar or chief minister of England (1180–89) under King Henry II who was the reputed author of the first authoritative text on the common law, Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Angliae (c. 1188; “Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of

Ranulf Higden was an English monk and chronicler remembered for his Polychronicon, a compilation of much of the knowledge of his age. After taking monastic vows in 1299, Higden entered the Abbey of St. Werburgh, a Benedictine community in Chester. His Polychronicon was a universal history from the

Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family (order Ranunculales), comprising about 2,252 species in 62 genera of flowering plants, mostly herbs, which are widely distributed in all temperate and subtropical regions. In the tropics they occur mostly at high elevations. The leaves are usually alternate and

Ranunculales, the buttercup order of flowering plants, containing 7 families, nearly 164 genera, and around 2,830 species. Members of the order range from annual and perennial herbs to herbaceous or woody vines, shrubs, and, in a few cases, trees. They include many ornamentals which are grown in

buttercup, (genus Ranunculus), genus of about 300 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. Buttercups are distributed throughout the world and are especially common in woods and fields of the north temperate zone. Most buttercups have tuberous or fibrous roots. The

wildflower: …best-known buttercups of northern Europe, Ranunculus acris, probably became more abundant and widespread as the forests were burned away. In the lowlands of northern Europe, this species probably became modified during the Stone Age into some new forms better adapted to habitats created by human actions. Two forms occurring in…

buttercup: Major species: peltatus) and the common water crowfoot (R. aquatilis) have broad floating leaves and finely dissected submerged leaves.

buttercup: Major species: The Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus) is the florist’s ranunculus. Among the many wild species are the tall meadow buttercup (R. acris), native to Eurasia but widely introduced elsewhere; the swamp buttercup (R. hispidis) of eastern North American wetlands; and the Eurasian creeping

Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family (order Ranunculales), comprising about 2,252 species in 62 genera of flowering plants, mostly herbs, which are widely distributed in all temperate and subtropical regions. In the tropics they occur mostly at high elevations. The leaves are usually alternate and

celandine: The lesser celandine, or pilewort (Ranunculus ficaria), is a member of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It has heart-shaped leaves and typical buttercup flowers. Native to Europe, it has become naturalized in North America.

buttercup: Major species: Both the pond crowfoot (R. peltatus) and the common water crowfoot (R. aquatilis) have broad floating leaves and finely dissected submerged leaves.