printing: The metal press (1795): …followed by the “Washington” of Samuel Rust, the apogee of the screw press inherited from Gutenberg; its printing capacity was about 250 copies an hour.

Islamic arts: Epic and romance: …on tales of the hero Rostam. These stories are essentially part of a different culture, thus revealing something about the Indo-European sources of Iranian mythology. The struggle between Iran and Tūrān (the central Asian steppes from which new waves of nomadic conquerors distributed Iran’s urban culture) forms the central theme…

Moradabad: …was founded in 1625 by Rustam Khan, a Mughal general who built the fort north of the city as well as the Jāmiʿ Masjid (Great Mosque). The city, located at a major road and rail junction, is a trade centre for agricultural products. Industries include cotton milling and weaving, metalworking,…

South Asian arts: Parsi theatre: His last play, Rustam-o-Sohrab, the tragic story of two legendary Persian heroes, Rustam and his son Sohrab, is a drama of passion and fatal irony.

Rustamid kingdom, Islamic state (761–909 ce) on the high plateau of northern Algeria, founded by followers of the Ibaḍīyah branch of Khārijism. It was one of several kingdoms that arose in opposition to the new ʿAbbāsid dynasty and its Eastern orientation. The Khārijites preached a puritanical,

Georgia: Relief, drainage, and soils: …point in Georgia, and Mounts Rustaveli, Tetnuld, and Ushba, all of which are above 15,000 feet. The cone of the extinct Mkinvari (Kazbek) volcano dominates the northernmost Bokovoy range from a height of 16,512 feet. A number of important spurs extend in a southward direction from the central range, including…

Shota Rustaveli was a Georgian poet, known as the author of Vepkhvistqaosani (The Knight in the Panther’s Skin, or The Lord of the Panther-Skin), the Georgian national epic. Very little is known of Rustaveli, and what is known is uncertain. A portrait in Jerusalem inscribed with the word Shota may

Rustavi, city, southeastern Georgia, on the Kura River. The city was developed after World War II with the establishment of a large iron and steel works that supplied rolled steel and steel tubes to the entire Transcaucasus region. The population is more than twice the size the town was designed to

Rutebeuf was a French poet and jongleur whose pungent commentaries on the orders of society are considered the first expression of popular opinion in French literature. The lack of any contemporary reference to someone of this name has led scholars to suppose that he wrote under a pseudonym.

Islamic arts: Other arts: …such as the mosque of Rüstem Paşa in Istanbul into a visual spectacle of brilliant colours. The history and development of this type of ceramic decoration is intimately tied to the complex and much-controverted problem of the growth of several distinctive Ottoman schools of pottery: İznik, Rhodian, and Damascus ware.…

Rustenburg, town, North West province, South Africa, west of Pretoria. Founded in 1850, its name was allegedly derived from the rust (“rest”) that white settlers were able to enjoy between black African attacks. The town was important in the political affairs of the Transvaal in the middle and late

majuscule: …books and official documents was rustic capitals. This letter form was freer and more curved and flowing than that of square capitals and could be more easily written because of the oblique angle at which the pen was held to form the letters. The letters were more compact, and rounded…

majuscule: …books and official documents was rustic capitals. This letter form was freer and more curved and flowing than that of square capitals and could be more easily written because of the oblique angle at which the pen was held to form the letters. The letters were more compact, and rounded…

rustic style, in decorative arts, any ruralizing influence; more precisely, a type of furniture made of wood or metal, the main components of which are carved and fretted to resemble the branches of trees. Stemming from the idealization of nature and the “simple life” that occurred in the mid-18th

rustic ware, in pottery, creations of the French potter Bernard Palissy, who from about 1548 produced large earthenware dishes decorated with naturalistic pictures of reptiles, insects, and the like in high relief. The wares were coloured with lead glazes that enhanced the lifelike quality of the

Latin American literature: Poetry: …Landívar, wrote Rusticatio mexicana (1782; The Rusticatio Mexicana of Rafael Landívar), a Latin poem that owes much to the bucolic poetry published in France and England a century earlier. Rusticatio mexicana exalts the animals, plants, and minerals native to New Spain, detailing the agricultural, textile, and mining practices of the…

rustication, in architecture, type of decorative masonry achieved by cutting back the edges of stones to a plane surface while leaving the central portion of the face either rough or projecting markedly. Rustication provides a rich and bold surface for exterior masonry walls. Rusticated masonry is

Marco Polo: Compilation of Il milione: …with a prisoner from Pisa, Rustichello (or Rusticiano), a fairly well-known writer of romances and a specialist in chivalry and its lore, then a fashionable subject. Polo may have intended to write about his 25 years in Asia but possibly did not feel sufficiently comfortable in either Venetian or Franco-Italian;…

Leonardo da Vinci: Second Milanese period (1508–13): …where he helped the sculptor Giovanni Francesco Rustici execute his St. John the Baptist Teaching, a large statue group in bronze for the Florence Baptistery. There are few extant examples to study of Leonardo’s sculptural work, and this piece offers discernible traces of his influence, notably in John’s stance, with…

Marco Polo: Compilation of Il milione: …with a prisoner from Pisa, Rustichello (or Rusticiano), a fairly well-known writer of romances and a specialist in chivalry and its lore, then a fashionable subject. Polo may have intended to write about his 25 years in Asia but possibly did not feel sufficiently comfortable in either Venetian or Franco-Italian;…

Italian literature: Comic verse: The earliest of them was Rustico di Filippo, who produced both courtly love poetry and coarse, sometimes obscene verse of the “realistic” kind. The best-known and most versatile was Cecco Angiolieri, whose down-to-earth mistress Becchina was a parody of the ethereal women of the stil novo and whose favourite subject…

Poliziano: …“The Cloak”), on Virgil’s poetry; Rusticus (1483; “The Countryside”), on the bucolic poems of Hesiod and Virgil; Ambra (1485; “Amber”), on Homer; and Nutricia (1486; “The Foster Mother”), on the different genres of Greek and Latin literature.

Benedict de Spinoza: Association with Collegiants and Quakers: …of more than 700 pages, Rusticus ad Academicos; or, The Country Correcting the University and Clergy, in which he raised almost every point of biblical criticism that Spinoza was later to make in the Tractatus.

Audra McDonald: Films and TV: (2021), about Aretha Franklin, and Rustin (2023), about Bayard Rustin; and Origin (2023), Ava DuVernay’s dramatization of Isabel Wilkerson’s research and writing of the book Caste (2020).

Bayard Rustin was an American civil rights activist who was an adviser to Martin Luther King, Jr., and who was the main organizer of the March on Washington in 1963. After finishing high school, Rustin held odd jobs, traveled widely, and obtained five years of university schooling at the City

art market: Northern Europe and the Austrian Empire: …Alps these were known as Kunstkammern or Wunderkammern, from Kunst (“man-made objects”), Wunder (“natural curiosities”), and Kammern (“chambers, rooms”).

The Atlanta Braves are the only existing Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise to have played every season since professional baseball came into existence. Founded in Boston in 1871, the franchise has moved twice: it began playing in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1953 and then in Atlanta in 1966. The

Ruston, city, seat of Lincoln parish, northern Louisiana, U.S., 33 miles (53 km) west of Monroe. It was founded in 1883 by Robert E. Russ, for whom the town was named, on the Vicksburg, Shreveport, and Pacific Railroad (now part of the Illinois Central Railroad Company). Its economy is largely

Audrey Hepburn was a Belgian-born British actress known for her radiant beauty and style, her ability to project an air of sophistication tempered by a charming innocence, and her tireless efforts to aid children in need. Her parents were the Dutch baroness Ella Van Heemstra and Joseph Victor

viburnum: …North American species are the southern black haw (V. rufidulum), similar but taller; the sheepberry, or nannyberry (V. lentago), with finely toothed, oval leaves; and the arrowwood (V. dentatum), with roundish to oval, coarsely toothed leaves. Laurustinus (V. tinus), a 3-metre-tall evergreen with oblong leaves, is native to the Mediterranean…

dab: Other species include the yellowtail flounder, or rusty dab (L. ferruginea), a reddish brown western Atlantic fish with rust-coloured spots and a yellow tail; the yellowfin sole, or Alaska dab (L. aspera), a brownish northern Pacific flatfish; and the longhead dab (L. proboscidea), a light-spotted, brownish northern Pacific fish…

Rustavi, city, southeastern Georgia, on the Kura River. The city was developed after World War II with the establishment of a large iron and steel works that supplied rolled steel and steel tubes to the entire Transcaucasus region. The population is more than twice the size the town was designed to

Rusyn, any of several East Slavic peoples (modern-day Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Carpatho-Rusyns) and their languages. The name Rusyn is derived from Rus (Ruthenia), the name of the territory that they inhabited. The name Ruthenian derives from the Latin Ruthenus (singular), a term found in

Rusyn: Rusyn (Ruthenian) language: Rusyn (Ruthenian) refers as well to language. Ruthenian was the term used to describe the written medium (initially based on spoken Belarusian) that functioned as the official or chancellery language of the grand duchy of Lithuania and to refer to the spoken,…

Azorín: …Soul”) and his essay collections La ruta de Don Quijote (1905; “The Route of Don Quixote”) and Una hora de España 1560–1590 (1924; An Hour of Spain, 1560–1590) carefully and subtly reconstruct the spirit of Spanish life, directing the reader’s sensibility by the suggestive power of their prose. Azorín’s literary…

rue, (Ruta graveolens), small perennial shrub in the family Rutaceae used as a culinary and medicinal herb. Native to the Balkan Peninsula, rue is cultivated for its strongly aromatic leaves, which can be used fresh or dry in small amounts. Rue is an evergreen plant with gland-studded foliage. The

rutabaga, (Brassica napus, variety napobrassica), root vegetable in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), cultivated for its fleshy roots and edible leaves. Rutabagas likely originated as a cross between turnips (Brassica rapa, variety rapa) and wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and are thought to have

Rutaceae, the rue family of flowering plants (order Sapindales), composed of 160 genera and about 2,070 species. Rutaceae includes woody shrubs and trees (and a few herbaceous perennials) and is distributed throughout the world, especially in warm temperate and tropical regions. The largest numbers

Burt Rutan is an American aircraft and spacecraft designer who was perhaps best known for SpaceShipOne, which in 2004 became the first private crewed spacecraft. Rutan was raised in Dinuba, California, where he and his elder brother, Dick, developed a strong interest in flight at an early age.

Voyager: Piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, the craft took off on December 14 from Edwards Air Force Base, 60 miles (100 km) northeast of Los Angeles, and landed at that same base 9 days later after completing a course of 25,012 miles (40,251 km) around the…

Burt Rutan is an American aircraft and spacecraft designer who was perhaps best known for SpaceShipOne, which in 2004 became the first private crewed spacecraft. Rutan was raised in Dinuba, California, where he and his elder brother, Dick, developed a strong interest in flight at an early age.

Rutebeuf was a French poet and jongleur whose pungent commentaries on the orders of society are considered the first expression of popular opinion in French literature. The lack of any contemporary reference to someone of this name has led scholars to suppose that he wrote under a pseudonym.

Rutebeuf was a French poet and jongleur whose pungent commentaries on the orders of society are considered the first expression of popular opinion in French literature. The lack of any contemporary reference to someone of this name has led scholars to suppose that he wrote under a pseudonym.

shining leaf chafer, any member of the insect subfamily Rutelinae of the scarab family Scarabaeidae (order Coleoptera), including some of the most beautifully coloured and most destructive beetles. The iridescent and metallic colours of most species are produced by pigments in the integument

Rome: Capital of a united Italy: …corruption scandals, a centre-left politician, Francesco Rutelli, was elected mayor of Rome in a runoff against right-wing candidate Gianfranco Fini. Rutelli proceeded to transform the city: he cracked down on illegal construction, worked toward ameliorating Rome’s traffic problems, and recommenced a series of blocked improvement projects. Meanwhile, the city’s service…

Karl Marx: Early years: …intimate friend” of this period, Adolph Rutenberg, an older journalist who had served a prison sentence for his political radicalism, pressed for a deeper social involvement. By 1841 the Young Hegelians had become left republicans. Marx’s studies, meanwhile, were lagging. Urged by his friends, he submitted a doctoral dissertation to…

Rutgers University, coeducational state institution of higher learning in New Jersey, U.S. One of the nine colonial colleges set up before the American Revolution, Rutgers was founded as Queen’s College, a private institution, in 1766 and was once affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church. The

Rutgers University, coeducational state institution of higher learning in New Jersey, U.S. One of the nine colonial colleges set up before the American Revolution, Rutgers was founded as Queen’s College, a private institution, in 1766 and was once affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church. The

Rutgers University, coeducational state institution of higher learning in New Jersey, U.S. One of the nine colonial colleges set up before the American Revolution, Rutgers was founded as Queen’s College, a private institution, in 1766 and was once affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church. The

Ruth, biblical character, a woman who after being widowed remains with her husband’s mother. The story is told in the Book of Ruth, part of the biblical canon called Ketuvim, or Writings. Ruth’s story is celebrated during the Jewish festival of Shavuot, the Feast of Weeks, 50 days after Passover.

Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell: …for her next social novel, Ruth (1853). It offered an alternative to the seduced girl’s traditional progress to prostitution and an early grave.

Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, annual prize given by the Poetry Foundation—an independent literary organization and publisher—to an American poet for lifetime achievement. The prize, which comes with an award of $100,000, was established in 1986 by philanthropist Ruth Lilly. It is considered one of the

Babe Ruth was chosen as one of the first five members of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936, a year after he finished his career. He transformed baseball through his home-run hitting, which produced an offensive revolution in the sport. His accomplishments, together with his personal charisma and

Book of Ruth, Old Testament book belonging to the third section of the biblical canon, known as the Ketuvim, or Writings. In the Hebrew Bible, Ruth stands with the Song of Solomon, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther; together they make up the Megillot, five scrolls that are read at prescribed

Babe Ruth was chosen as one of the first five members of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936, a year after he finished his career. He transformed baseball through his home-run hitting, which produced an offensive revolution in the sport. His accomplishments, together with his personal charisma and

Rusyn, any of several East Slavic peoples (modern-day Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Carpatho-Rusyns) and their languages. The name Rusyn is derived from Rus (Ruthenia), the name of the territory that they inhabited. The name Ruthenian derives from the Latin Ruthenus (singular), a term found in

Rusyn, any of several East Slavic peoples (modern-day Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Carpatho-Rusyns) and their languages. The name Rusyn is derived from Rus (Ruthenia), the name of the territory that they inhabited. The name Ruthenian derives from the Latin Ruthenus (singular), a term found in

Ruthenian Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Christian church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with the Roman Catholic Church since the Union of Uzhhorod (or Uzhgorod) in 1646. Eastern Catholic churches generally have been associated with a national or ethnic group, preserving patterns of

Ruthenian Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic Christian church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with the Roman Catholic Church since the Union of Uzhhorod (or Uzhgorod) in 1646. Eastern Catholic churches generally have been associated with a national or ethnic group, preserving patterns of

ruthenium (Ru), chemical element, one of the platinum metals of Groups 8–10 (VIIIb), Periods 5 and 6, of the periodic table, used as an alloying agent to harden platinum and palladium. Silver-gray ruthenium metal looks like platinum but is rarer, harder, and more brittle. The Russian chemist Karl

conductive ceramics: Thick-film and thin-film resistors and electrodes: …ceramics are lead oxide (PbO), ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), bismuth ruthenate (Bi2Ru2O7), and bismuth iridate (Bi2Ir2O7). Like metals, these materials have overlapping electron energy bands and are therefore excellent electronic conductors. They are used as “inks” for screen printing resistors into thick-film microcircuits. Inks are pulverized conductor and glaze particles dispersed…

Rutherford, borough (town), Bergen county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It lies 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Paterson, near the Passaic River. Laid out in 1862, the settlement was originally known as Boiling Springs. In 1875 it was renamed to honour John Rutherfurd, a U.S. senator from New Jersey

Rutherford model, description of the structure of atoms proposed (1911) by the New Zealand-born physicist Ernest Rutherford. The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative

surface analysis: Ion scattering spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering: Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS, named after British physicist Ernest Rutherford) operates on the same principle as ISS. A primary ion beam is elastically scattered, and the energy and angle of the scattered ion yield information about the mass of the scattering atom in the sample.…

Rutherford model, description of the structure of atoms proposed (1911) by the New Zealand-born physicist Ernest Rutherford. The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative

Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand-born British physicist considered the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867). Rutherford was the central figure in the study of radioactivity, and with his concept of the nuclear atom he led the exploration of nuclear physics. He won the Nobel

radiation: Ionization and chemical change: …a limit called the classical Rutherford value, after the British physicist Ernest Rutherford.

Dame Margaret Rutherford was an actress who was popular on the British stage and screen from the 1930s in roles as a lovable English eccentric. Rutherford was raised by two aunts who encouraged her interest in the theatre. After teaching piano for five years and elocution for three, she entered the

nitrogen: History: …recognized by a Scottish botanist, Daniel Rutherford (who was the first to publish his findings), by the British chemist Henry Cavendish, and by the British clergyman and scientist Joseph Priestley, who, with Scheele, is given credit for the discovery of oxygen. Later work showed the new gas to be a…

Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand-born British physicist considered the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867). Rutherford was the central figure in the study of radioactivity, and with his concept of the nuclear atom he led the exploration of nuclear physics. He won the Nobel

new religious movement: Apocalyptic and millenarian movements: …Association), led from 1917 by Joseph Franklin Rutherford (1869–1942), continue to believe in the imminent return of Christ and the end of time.

Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand-born British physicist considered the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867). Rutherford was the central figure in the study of radioactivity, and with his concept of the nuclear atom he led the exploration of nuclear physics. He won the Nobel

Eleanor Roosevelt: …affair with her social secretary, Lucy Mercer. It was one of the most traumatic events in her life, as she later told Joseph Lash, her friend and biographer. Mindful of his political career and fearing the loss of his mother’s financial support, Franklin Roosevelt refused his wife’s offer of a…

Mark Rutherford was an English novelist noted for his studies of Nonconformist experience. While training for the Independent ministry, White lost his faith and became disillusioned with what he saw as the narrowness of Nonconformist culture. He practiced journalism, then spent the rest of his life

Genesis: …1950, East Hoathly, East Sussex), Michael Rutherford (b. October 2, 1950, Guildford, Surrey), Phil Collins (b. January 31, 1951, London), and Steve Hackett (b. February 12, 1950, London).

Genesis: …1950, East Hoathly, East Sussex), Michael Rutherford (b. October 2, 1950, Guildford, Surrey), Phil Collins (b. January 31, 1951, London), and Steve Hackett (b. February 12, 1950, London).

rutherfordium (Rf), an artificially produced radioactive transuranium element in Group IVb of the periodic table, atomic number 104. Soviet scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna, Russia, U.S.S.R., announced in 1964 the discovery of element 104, which they named

Lewis Morris Rutherfurd was an American astrophysicist who made the first telescopes designed for celestial photography. Although trained as a scientist during his studies at Williams College (Williamstown, Mass.), Rutherfurd later became a lawyer. He gave up his practice in 1849 and traveled to

theatre: British innovations: Norman Wilkinson and Albert Rutherston, artists with reputations outside the theatre, were his principal designers, and their settings typically consisted of brightly painted, draped curtains. Granville-Barker’s style and particularly the use of drapes in the settings reflect clearly the influence of Craig’s early work for the Purcell Operatic…

Tyler Perry: …his family, and its spinoff, Ruthless (2020– ).

Edgar G. Ulmer: Later films: …returned to more-familiar territory with Ruthless (1948), an enjoyable low-budget noir, with Zachary Scott as a financier who uses and abuses those around him. Next was I pirati di Capri (1949; The Pirates of Capri or The Masked Pirate), a low-budget swashbuckler starring Louis Hayward. Ulmer then made St. Benny…

Danny DeVito: Career: …and producer), the dark comedy Ruthless People (1986), and the buddy film Twins (1988). In 1992 he portrayed the supervillain Oswald Cobblepot, who transforms into the Penguin, in the action film Batman Returns. He also branched out to directing films such as the satirical comedy The War of the Roses…

Ice Cube: N.W.A: …song to rapper Eazy-E and Ruthless Records. The song, originally titled “The Boyz-n-the-Hood,” was passed over by one rap group before being recorded by Eazy-E himself. The result was a major success as both Eazy-E’s first single and as the first collaboration between future N.W.A members Ice Cube, Eazy-E, producer…

Ruthven family, Noble Scottish family prominent in the 16th century. Its members included Lord Patrick Ruthven (c. 1520–1566), provost of Perth (1553–66) and Protestant privy councillor to Mary, Queen of Scots. He helped arrange her marriage to Lord Darnley (1565) and led the plot to murder her

Patrick Ruthven, earl of Forth was the supreme commander of the Royalist forces of Charles I during the early phases of the English Civil Wars. A descendant of the 1st Lord Ruthven (d. 1528) in a collateral line, he distinguished himself in the service of Sweden, which he entered about 1606. As a

Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven was a Protestant who played an important role in the political intrigues of 16th-century Scotland. Having been one of the leaders of the reforming opposition to the regent Mary of Lorraine, Ruthven was prominent in arranging the marriage (1565) between Mary Stuart,

Ruthwell Cross, cross bearing an important runic inscription in the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) language, from Ruthwell in the historic county of Dumfriesshire, Dumfries and Galloway council area, Scotland. The cross, which is an excellent example of Northumbrian art of the early 8th century, stands

Venus’s-hairstone, variety of quartz interspersed with fine crystals of the mineral rutile

rutile, the most abundant of three naturally occurring forms of titanium dioxide (TiO2; see also anatase; brookite). It forms red to reddish brown, hard, brilliant metallic, slender crystals, often completely surrounded by other minerals. Rutile is a commercially important titanium mineral,

mineral: Oxides and hydroxides: …first structure type, exemplified by rutile, contains cations in octahedral coordination with oxygen. The second resembles fluorite (CaF2); each oxygen is bonded to four cations located at the corners of a fairly regular tetrahedron, and each cation lies within a cube at whose corners are eight oxygen atoms. This latter…

Rutilius Claudius Namatianus was a Roman poet who was the author of an elegiac poem, De reditu suo, describing a journey from Rome to his native Gaul in the autumn of ad 417. The poem is chiefly interesting for the light it throws on the ideology of the pagan landowning aristocracy of the rapidly

ancient Rome: The career of Gaius Marius: …action of the other consul, Publius Rutilius Rufus.

roach, (Rutilus rutilus), common European sport fish of the carp family, Cyprinidae, widely distributed in lakes and slow rivers. A high-backed, yellowish green fish with red eyes and reddish fins, the roach is about 15–40 cm (6–16 inches) long and weighs up to 2 kg (4 12 pounds). It lives in small

cereal processing: Buckwheat: …buckwheat as a source of rutin, possibly effective in treatment of increased capillary fragility associated with hypertension in humans.

phytosaur: >Rutiodon, which was more than 3 metres (10 feet) long and whose skull alone measured about 1 metre.

computer: Compilers: In 1952 Heinz Rutishauser, who had worked with Zuse on his computers after the war, wrote an influential paper, “Automatische Rechenplanfertigung bei programmgesteuerten Rechenmaschinen” (loosely translatable as “Computer Automated Conversion of Code to Machine Language”), in which he laid down the foundations of compiler construction and described…

Ratlam, city, western Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated at an elevation of about 1,575 feet (480 metres) above sea level on the Malwa Plateau, about 45 miles (72 km) west-northwest of Ujjain. Ratlam is a major rail junction, an agricultural trade centre, and a major industrial

Rutland, unitary authority and historic county in the East Midlands of England. Rutland, wedged between Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, and Northamptonshire, is the smallest historic county in England. Oakham is the administrative centre. In ancient times the area was sparsely

Rutland, county, western Vermont, U.S. It is bounded by New York state (the border formed in part by Lake Champlain and the Poultney River) and the Taconic Mountains to the west and by the Green Mountains to the east. The county is bisected north-south by Otter Creek, the longest stream in Vermont.

Rutland, city, seat (1784) of Rutland county, south-central Vermont, U.S. It lies between the Green Mountains and the Taconic Range on Otter Creek. In 1759 the site was an outpost on the military road built by the British general Sir Jeffrey Amherst across Vermont, connecting forts on Lake