Cyrillic alphabet: The modern Cyrillic alphabets—Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, and Serbian—have been modified somewhat from the original, generally by the loss of some superfluous letters. Modern Russian has 32 letters (33, with inclusion of the soft sign—which is not, strictly speaking, a letter), Bulgarian 30, Serbian 30, and Ukrainian 32 (33).…

history of Central Asia: …19th-century explorers and geographers as Russian and Chinese Turkistan.

Russia: The Petrine state: …organization to a “European” professional army (as it developed in the course of the so-called military revolution of the 17th century) had been initiated during the reigns of Tsars Michael and Alexis. But it was Peter who gave it the full-fledged “modern” form it retained until the middle of the…

RAPP, association formed in the Soviet Union in 1928 out of various groups of proletarian writers who were dedicated to defining a truly proletarian literature and to eliminating writers whose works were not thoroughly imbued with Communist ideology. Under the leadership of Leopold Averbakh, RAPP

Roskosmos, Russian government organization founded in 1992 that is responsible for managing the Russian space program. Its headquarters are in Moscow. The head of Roskosmos is assisted by a board, a science and engineering council, and the heads of 11 departments. Roskomos is the descendant of the

Union of Evangelical Christian Baptists: …of Evangelical Christians and the Russian Baptist Union. The Baptists in Russia grew from religious revival movements that began in the 1860s and ’70s. In Ukraine, groups of Russians influenced by German Mennonite settlers gathered for Bible study and eventually adopted Baptist beliefs. In Georgia, German Baptists gained converts and…

St. Petersburg: The rise to splendour: Stasov, working in the Russian Baroque style, which combined clear-cut, even austere lines with richness of decoration and use of colour. To this period belong the Winter Palace, the Smolny Convent, and the Vorontsov and Stroganov palaces, among others; outside the city were built the summer palaces of Peterhof…

Russian Blue, breed of domestic cat noted for the quality of its short, plushlike coat. Characteristically a quiet and gentle cat, the Russian Blue is a solidly coloured, blue-gray cat with round, green eyes and soft, silky fur that resembles sealskin in texture. A fine-boned cat with long, slim

Russian Catholic church, an Eastern Catholic church of the Byzantine rite, in communion with Rome since the early 20th century. A small number of Orthodox Russians, influenced by Vladimir Solovyov, a philosopher and theologian, converted to Catholicism (c. 1900), retaining their rite. Just before

Russia: Finance: The Russian Central Bank (RCB), which took over the functions of the Soviet-era Gosbank, is exclusively responsible for regulating the country’s monetary system. The bank’s primary function is to protect and stabilize the ruble, which it attempts to do through its control of foreign exchange. Under…

Russian chant, monophonic, or unison, chant of the liturgy of the Russian Orthodox church. Musical manuscripts from the 11th to the 13th century suggest that, at first, chanting in Russia almost certainly followed Byzantine melodies, which were adapted to the accentual patterns of the Old Church

Dmitri Mendeleev: Activities outside the laboratory: …Russian Chemical Society (now the Mendeleev Russian Chemical Society) in 1868 and published most of his later papers in its journal. He was a prolific thinker and writer. His published works include 400 books and articles, and numerous unpublished manuscripts are kept to this day in the Dmitri Mendeleev Museum…

Eastern Orthodoxy: The Orthodox diaspora and missions: …and became known as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR). It had no canonical relation with the official Orthodox patriarchates and churches until May 2007. That year, following reforms within both Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union, the…

Russian Civil War, (1918–20), conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir I. Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. Russia’s disastrous performance in World War I was one of the primary causes of the

Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the major political party of Russia and the Soviet Union from the Russian Revolution of October 1917 to 1991. (Read Leon Trotsky’s 1926 Britannica essay on Lenin.) The Communist Party of the Soviet Union arose from the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social

crash: The coarsest type is called Russian crash. Linen is generally used for the warp yarn, while linen, jute, or a mixture of linen and jute is used for the filler. Plain weave is normally employed, but twill is sometimes used.

desman: The tail of the Russian desman (Desmana moschata) is flattened horizontally and has scent glands at its base that exude a strong musky odour that envelops the animal. The Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) of western Europe has similar scent glands. It has a cylindrical tail, flat near its tip…

Natasha Lyonne: Russian Doll: …2019 Lyonne created the show Russian Doll with actress and writer Amy Poehler and playwright Leslye Headland. Lyonne also starred in the series as Nadia Vulvokov, a hardened New Yorker who finds herself stuck in a time loop. She also directed several episodes. The show was a critical success and…

duck: Russian duck is a fine white linen canvas.

Russian Empire, historical empire founded on November 2 (October 22, Old Style), 1721, when the Russian Senate conferred the title of emperor (imperator) of all the Russias upon Peter I. The abdication of Nicholas II on March 15, 1917, marked the end of the empire and its ruling Romanov dynasty.

Roskosmos, Russian government organization founded in 1992 that is responsible for managing the Russian space program. Its headquarters are in Moscow. The head of Roskosmos is assisted by a board, a science and engineering council, and the heads of 11 departments. Roskomos is the descendant of the

Russia, country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.; commonly known as the Soviet Union), Russia became an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December

figure skating: Regional and national: The Russian Figure Skating Federation is composed of more than 40 clubs, each with its own separate championships. The clubs are then split into several regions. To gain a berth at the Russian nationals, skaters must acquire a high number of competition points and finish in…

The Five, group of five Russian composers—César Cui, Aleksandr Borodin, Mily Balakirev, Modest Mussorgsky, and Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov—who in the 1860s banded together in an attempt to create a truly national school of Russian music, free of the stifling influence of Italian opera, German lieder,

Formalism, innovative 20th-century Russian school of literary criticism. It began in two groups: OPOYAZ, an acronym for Russian words meaning Society for the Study of Poetic Language, founded in 1916 at St. Petersburg (later Leningrad) and led by Viktor Shklovsky; and the Moscow Linguistic Circle,

Cubo-Futurism, Russian avant-garde art movement in the 1910s that emerged as an offshoot of European Futurism and Cubism. The term Cubo-Futurism was first used in 1913 by an art critic regarding the poetry of members of the Hylaea group (Russian Gileya), which included such writers as Velimir

Michael Frayn: …were The Tin Men (1965), The Russian Interpreter (1966), A Very Private Life (1968), The Trick of It (1989), Now You Know (1992), Headlong (1999), Spies (2002), and Skios (2012). My Father’s Fortune (2010) was a memoir.

Russian language, principal state and cultural language of Russia. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. Russian is the primary language of the overwhelming majority of people in Russia and is also used as a

Russia: Social and political institutions: …code (1016), called the “Russian Law,” was one of the “Barbarian” law codes common throughout Germanic Europe. It dealt primarily with princely law—that is, with the fines to be imposed by the prince or his representative in the case of specified offenses.

Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov: The Russian Liberation Army, which he also headed, was composed of former Russian soldiers captured by the Germans. Near the end of the war, Vlasov’s 50,000 troops were allowed by their distrustful German sponsors to go into battle against the advancing Red Army. Most of them…

Russian literature, the body of written works produced in the Russian language, beginning with the Christianization of Kievan Rus in the late 10th century. The unusual shape of Russian literary history has been the source of numerous controversies. Three major and sudden breaks divide it into four

roller coaster: Origins in Europe: …of a ride called the Russian Mountains (Les Montagnes Russes). Small wheels were added to the sleds on this ride, a key modification that later persuaded some historians to credit it as the first wheeled coaster. Little attention was given to safety measures, yet, oddly enough, the injuries that passengers…

mulberry: Major species: …white mulberry are the cold-resistant Russian mulberry (M. alba, variety tatarica), introduced into western North America for shelterbelts and local timber use, and fruitless sorts such as the ‘Stribling’ and ‘Mapleleaf’ cultivars. The weeping mulberry (M. alba ‘Pendula’) is frequently used as a lawn tree.

fascism: Russia: The Russian National Unity (Russkoe Natsionalnoe Edinstvo; RNE), a paramilitary organization founded in 1990 by Aleksandr Barkashov, claimed to have an extensive network of local branches, but its electoral support was significantly less than that of the LDPR. Barkashov, a former commando in the Russian army,…

Russian oligarchs, tycoons who reaped enormous fortunes in the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. When the centrally planned economy of the then-Soviet Union crashed, a group of quick-thinking men picked up the pieces and turned them into vast private wealth. They also became politically active

oleaster, small deciduous tree of Eurasia, about 4.5 to 6 m (15 to 20 feet) high. It has smooth, dark brown branches that often bear spines and narrow, light green leaves that are silvery on the undersides from a covering of minute scales. The flowers are small, greenish, fragrant, and

Russian Orthodox Church, one of the largest autocephalous, or ecclesiastically independent, Eastern Orthodox churches in the world. Its membership is estimated at more than 90 million. For more on Orthodox beliefs and practices, see Eastern Orthodoxy. Christianity was apparently introduced into the

Eastern Orthodoxy: The Orthodox diaspora and missions: …and became known as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (ROCOR). It had no canonical relation with the official Orthodox patriarchates and churches until May 2007. That year, following reforms within both Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church in the wake of the fall of the Soviet Union, the…

Orthodox Church in America, ecclesiastically independent, or autocephalous, church of the Eastern Orthodox communion, recognized as such by its mother church in Russia; it adopted its present name on April 10, 1970. Established in 1794 in Alaska, then Russian territory, the Russian Orthodox mission

Nicholas II: Early life and reign: …an extremist right-wing organization, the Union of the Russian People, which sanctioned terrorist methods and disseminated anti-Semitic propaganda. Witte, whom he blamed for the October Manifesto, was soon dismissed, and the first two Dumas were prematurely dissolved as “insubordinate.”

Russian Plain, plain and series of broad river basins in eastern Europe (including western Russia). It extends over nearly 1,500,000 square miles (4,000,000 square km) and averages about 560 feet (170 meters) in height. The plain is subdivided into a number of distinct regions, including the Valday

Black Sea: Geology: …structural block known as the Russian (or East European) Platform, dating from at least 540 million years ago, appear in the northwest. A second, related platform has a deep cover of sedimentary rocks that were laid later. The deepwater depression, generally considered to be a vast structural downwarp, is an…

Russian Provisional Government, internationally recognized government of Russia from February to October (March to November, New Style) 1917. It was formed by the Duma after the collapse of the Romanov dynasty and was initially composed entirely of liberal ministers, with the exception of Aleksandr

Boris Berezovsky: …state airline, Aeroflot, and of Russian Public Television (ORT), Russia’s main television channel.

Russian Revolution, two revolutions in 1917, the first of which, in February (March, New Style), overthrew the imperial government and the second of which, in October (November), placed the Bolsheviks in power. (Read Leon Trotsky’s 1926 Britannica essay on Lenin.) Centuries of virtually unchecked

Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy. For several years before 1905 and especially after the humiliating Russo-Japanese War (1904–05),

Note: The dates in this timeline follow the Gregorian calendar, currently in use in Russia and around the world. At the time the revolution happened, Russia used the Julian calendar. Sources using Julian dates differ from the dating presented here. list, Russian Revolution, Russia, U.S.S.R., Soviet

Rosa Luxemburg: …her Die russische Revolution (1922; The Russian Revolution) chastised Lenin’s party on its agrarian and national self-determination stands and its dictatorial and terrorist methods. Luxemburg always remained a believer in democracy as opposed to Lenin’s democratic centralism. She was never able, however, to exercise a decisive influence on the new…

Russia, country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.; commonly known as the Soviet Union), Russia became an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December

Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party, Marxist revolutionary party ancestral to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Founded in 1898 in Minsk, the Social-Democratic Party held that Russia could achieve socialism only after developing a bourgeois society with an urban proletariat. It rejected

Russia, country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.; commonly known as the Soviet Union), Russia became an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December

Roskosmos, Russian government organization founded in 1992 that is responsible for managing the Russian space program. Its headquarters are in Moscow. The head of Roskosmos is assisted by a board, a science and engineering council, and the heads of 11 departments. Roskomos is the descendant of the

Russian State Library, national library of Russia, located in Moscow, notable for its extensive collection of early printed books and a collection of manuscripts that includes ancient Slavonic codices. Originally founded in 1862 as the library of the Rumyantsev Museum, it was reorganized after the

Russian State Museum, museum opened in St. Petersburg in 1898 as the central museum of Russian art and life. It is housed in the buildings of the former Mikhailovsky Palace, designed by Karl Ivanovich Rossi and built in 1819–25. The buildings were converted to a museum in 1896–97, and the museum

sturgeon: Distribution: The Russian sturgeon, A. guldenstadtii, is one of the most valuable species inhabiting the rivers of Russia and occurs eastward to Lake Baikal. It is about the same size as the common sturgeon and is found particularly in the rivers feeding the Black and Caspian seas.…

ITAR-TASS, (Russian: “Information Telegraph Agency of Russia–Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union”), Russian news agency formed in 1992 after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. ITAR reports on domestic news, while TASS reports on world events, including news from the other countries of the

Novichok: …which includes the potent agent VR, as well as from chemicals in the G series, which includes the nerve agents sarin and soman. Novichok agents are sometimes also referred to as the A series.

vint, trick-taking card game, popular around the Baltic Sea, and a significant contributor to the development of bridge. It developed from a game called Siberia, played in St. Petersburg in the 1870s. This was a form of whist exhibiting the then novel feature that the dealer announced the trump

Borzoi, breed of large hound developed in Russia to pursue wolves. It is descended from the Arabian Greyhound and a collie-like Russian sheepdog. The Borzoi—formerly known as the Russian Wolfhound—is a graceful, strong, and swift dog. It is a member of the sighthound family, which consists of dogs

Bloody Sunday: …the legal organizations of workers—the Assembly of Russian Workingmen—broke out in St. Petersburg. The leader of the assembly, the priest Georgy Gapon, hoping to present the workers’ request for reforms directly to Emperor Nicholas II, arranged a mass demonstration. Having told the authorities of his plan, he led the workers—who…

Russian-American Company, Russian trading monopoly that established colonies in North America (primarily in California and Alaska) during the 19th century. The Northeastern Company, headed by the merchants Grigory I. Shelikov and Ivan I. Golikov, was organized in 1781 to establish colonies on the

Russia: Russification policies: After the Crimean War the Russian government made some attempt to introduce in Poland a new system acceptable to the Polish population. The leading figure on the Polish side was the nobleman Aleksander Wielopolski. His pro-Russian program proved unacceptable to the Poles. Tension…

The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming, American screwball comedy film, released in 1966, that parodies the fears of the Cold War. The film begins with a Soviet submarine accidentally running aground on a sandbank near a tiny New England town in the United States. A group of crewmen led

Russia: Russification policies: After the Crimean War the Russian government made some attempt to introduce in Poland a new system acceptable to the Polish population. The leading figure on the Polish side was the nobleman Aleksander Wielopolski. His pro-Russian program proved unacceptable to the Poles. Tension…

Rosa Luxemburg: …her Die russische Revolution (1922; The Russian Revolution) chastised Lenin’s party on its agrarian and national self-determination stands and its dictatorial and terrorist methods. Luxemburg always remained a believer in democracy as opposed to Lenin’s democratic centralism. She was never able, however, to exercise a decisive influence on the new…

Pavel Ivanovich Pestel: …political transformation of Russia, titled Russkaya Pravda (1824; “Russian Truth”), called for the execution of the imperial family, the emancipation of the serfs, the replacement of the tsarist autocracy by a republican form of government, and the allotment of land to the freed serfs.

Russian Plain, plain and series of broad river basins in eastern Europe (including western Russia). It extends over nearly 1,500,000 square miles (4,000,000 square km) and averages about 560 feet (170 meters) in height. The plain is subdivided into a number of distinct regions, including the Valday

Russian language, principal state and cultural language of Russia. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. Russian is the primary language of the overwhelming majority of people in Russia and is also used as a

fascism: Russia: The Russian National Unity (Russkoe Natsionalnoe Edinstvo; RNE), a paramilitary organization founded in 1990 by Aleksandr Barkashov, claimed to have an extensive network of local branches, but its electoral support was significantly less than that of the LDPR. Barkashov, a former commando in the Russian army,…

Formalism, innovative 20th-century Russian school of literary criticism. It began in two groups: OPOYAZ, an acronym for Russian words meaning Society for the Study of Poetic Language, founded in 1916 at St. Petersburg (later Leningrad) and led by Viktor Shklovsky; and the Moscow Linguistic Circle,

Mikhail Grigoryevich Chernyayev: …of a conservative, nationalistic periodical, Russky Mir, in which he supported the Balkan Slavs’ rebellions and promoted Pan-Slavism, advocating Russia’s mission to free the Slavs from subservience to Turkey while spreading Russian culture and influence in the Balkans. When Serbia declared war on Turkey (1876), the Serbian government asked the…

Romanian literature: The national renaissance: Alecu Russo, another leader of 1848, enriched literature with a biblical prose poem, Cântarea României.

Patricia Russo is an American businesswoman who served as CEO of Lucent Technologies (later called Alcatel-Lucent) from 2002 to 2008. Russo had six siblings. She was active in sports and captained the cheerleading squad before graduating from Lawrence High School in 1969. In 1973 she earned a

Patricia Russo is an American businesswoman who served as CEO of Lucent Technologies (later called Alcatel-Lucent) from 2002 to 2008. Russo had six siblings. She was active in sports and captained the cheerleading squad before graduating from Lawrence High School in 1969. In 1973 she earned a

Dave Barry: …2002 movie starring Tim Allen, Rene Russo, and Stanley Tucci—and, more recently, Swamp Story: A Novel (2023). Barry has also collaborated with other authors and contributed to anthologies. Naked Came the Manatee: A Novel (1997), for example, includes individual chapters written by Barry and other Florida authors, such as Edna…

Helen Hunt: …based on a novel by Richard Russo. In 2007 Hunt directed her first feature-length film, Then She Found Me, a comedy-drama that she also cowrote, produced, and starred in.

Russo-Finnish War, (November 30, 1939–March 12, 1940), war waged by the Soviet Union against Finland at the beginning of World War II, following the conclusion of the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact (August 23, 1939). During the 1920s the Finnish government, wary of the threat posed by the Soviet

ʿAbbās Mīrzā: When war broke out between Russia and Iran in 1804, he was made commander of the Iranian expeditionary force of 30,000 men. The war (1804–13) resulted in the loss of most of Iran’s Georgian territory and showed ʿAbbās Mīrzā the necessity of reforming the Qājār military forces. He began sending…

Russo-Japanese War, (1904–05), military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in East Asia, thereby becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power. By the early 17th century, Russia had established its authority over all of

November Insurrection, (1830–31), Polish rebellion that unsuccessfully tried to overthrow Russian rule in the Congress Kingdom of Poland as well as in the Polish provinces of western Russia and parts of Lithuania, Belorussia, (now Belarus), and Ukraine. When a revolution broke out in Paris (July

Poland: Bohdan Khmelnytsky: At any rate, war began between Muscovy and the Commonwealth, and Alexis’s armies drove deep into Lithuania. In 1655 they occupied its capital, Wilno. For the first time in nearly two centuries, an enemy invasion had taken place, and, when it was followed by a Swedish aggression, a…

Russo-Polish War, (1919–20), military conflict between Soviet Russia and Poland. It was the result of the German defeat in World War I, Polish nationalism sparked by the re-creation of an independent Polish state, and the Bolsheviks’ determination to carry the gains they had achieved during the

Thirteen Years’ War, (1454–66), war between Poland and the Teutonic Knights that began as a revolt by the Prussian populace against their overlords, the Teutonic Knights, and was concluded by the Treaty of Toruń (Thorn; Oct. 19, 1466). In 1454 rebel Prussian groups petitioned Casimir IV of Poland

Sweden: The reign of Gustav II Adolf: The war with Russia was fought more successfully, however, with Swedish armies even reaching Moscow. Russia was thereby forced to agree to the Treaty of Stolbovo in 1617, by the terms of which Sweden acquired the provinces of Ingria and Kexholm. The war with Poland continued…

Párga: In 1819 Britain invoked the Russo-Turkish Convention of 1800, by terms of which Párga was surrendered to Turkey, provided that no mosque be built or Muslim settle there. The Parganites regarded this British move as an act of betrayal. Rather than submit to Turkish rule, about 4,000 Parganites elected in…

Treaty of Bucharest: …18, 1812, that ended the Russo-Turkish War, begun in 1806. The terms of the treaty allowed Russia to annex Bessarabia but required it to return Walachia and the remainder of Moldavia, which it had occupied. The Russians also secured amnesty and a promise of autonomy for the Serbs, who had…

Hans Karl von Diebitsch: …the Russian victory in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29.

Russo-Turkish wars, series of wars between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the 17th–19th century. The wars reflected the decline of the Ottoman Empire and resulted in the gradual southward extension of Russia’s frontier and influence into Ottoman territory. The wars took place in 1676–81, 1687,

electronic music: Beginnings: The Italian Futurist painter Luigi Russolo was another early exponent of synthesized music. As early as 1913 Russolo proposed that all music be destroyed and that new instruments reflecting current technology be built to perform a music expressive of industrialized society. Russolo subsequently did build a number of mechanically…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Russulales (incertae sedis; not placed in any subclass) Parasitic or saprotrophic, often found at the base of trees; fruiting body may be slimy; many have gills; some are very large, reaching a diameter of 1 metre (3.3 feet); includes some edible fungi, such as some…

Freedom’s Journal: …Cornish, a Presbyterian minister, and John Brown Russwurm, one of the first African Americans to graduate from a U.S. college, were chosen senior editor and junior editor, respectively. The newspaper’s first issue, which was four pages long, appeared on March 16, 1827.

rust, plant disease caused by more than 7,000 species of fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota. Rust affects many economically important plant species and usually appears as yellow, orange, red, rust, brown, or black powdery pustules on leaves, young shoots, and fruits. Plant growth and productivity

Alec Baldwin: Rust shooting: …the filming of the western Rust in New Mexico. While rehearsing a scene, Baldwin discharged a prop gun that was mistakenly thought to contain no live rounds. Cinematographer Halyna Hutchins was killed, and the director, Joel Souza, was wounded. The family of Hutchins later filed a wrongful death lawsuit against…

corrosion, wearing away of a material, often a refined metal such as iron or copper, because of chemical reactions, mainly oxidation (see oxidation-reduction and oxide). It occurs whenever an exposed surface chemically reacts with atmospheric agents such as moisture and oxygen. This process is

Jacques Audiard: …De rouille et d’os (2012; Rust and Bone), which starred Marion Cotillard as an orca trainer struggling to recover from the loss of her legs in a gruesome occupational accident. Dheepan (2015), which won the Palme d’Or at the Cannes film festival, tells the story of a former Tamil Tiger…

Rust Belt, geographic region of the United States that was long the country’s manufacturing, steelmaking, and coal-producing heartland but that underwent dramatic industrial decline that resulted in widespread unemployment, increased poverty, decay, and population loss. Because the Rust Belt is

rust fly, (family Psilidae), any of a group of insects (order Diptera) that are small, slender, brownish flies with long antennae. The larvae feed on plants and may be garden pests. The carrot rust fly (Psila rosae; also known as Chamaepsila rosae) often damages carrots, celery, and related

Megadeth: Lineup changes: Rust in Peace earned the band its first Grammy Award nomination, for best metal performance. It also went gold within a few months of its release, quicker than Megadeth’s previous albums.

Pocahontas: …paean “Pocahontas,” from his album Rust Never Sleeps (1979), casts her as the object of male romantic desire situated in pristine, unspoiled America.

Western dance: Social dance: …interesting interpretations was that of Frances Rust: