Rumble in the Jungle, heavyweight boxing match held on October 30, 1974, between then heavyweight champion George Foreman and Muhammad Ali in Kinshasa, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The fight was attended by 60,000 people and watched on television by as many as one billion

rum, distilled liquor made from sugarcane products, usually produced as a by-product of sugar manufacture. It includes both the light-bodied rums, typified by those of Cuba and Puerto Rico, and the heavier and fuller-flavoured rums of Jamaica. Rums originated in the West Indies and are first

Rumelia, the former Ottoman possessions in the Balkans. The name means “land of the Romans”—i.e., Byzantines. The Turks first began to make conquests in the Balkans in the mid-14th century. The land was divided into fiefs of various size that were administered by cavalry officers; local notables

Istanbul: Constantinople of Istanbul: …narrowest point; this fortress, called Rumelihisarı, still forms one of the principal landmarks of the straits. The siege of the city began in April 1453. The Turks had not only overwhelming numerical superiority but also cannon that breached the ancient walls. The Golden Horn was protected by a chain, but…

Rumelia, the former Ottoman possessions in the Balkans. The name means “land of the Romans”—i.e., Byzantines. The Turks first began to make conquests in the Balkans in the mid-14th century. The land was divided into fiefs of various size that were administered by cavalry officers; local notables

Istanbul: Constantinople of Istanbul: …narrowest point; this fortress, called Rumelihisarı, still forms one of the principal landmarks of the straits. The siege of the city began in April 1453. The Turks had not only overwhelming numerical superiority but also cannon that breached the ancient walls. The Golden Horn was protected by a chain, but…

cow: Natural history: Inside the rumen, the largest chamber of the stomach, bacteria and other microorganisms digest tough plant fibers (cellulose). To aid in this process, cows regurgitate and re-chew food multiple times before it passes on to the rest of the digestive system via the other stomach chambers. This…

cow: Natural history: Inside the rumen, the largest chamber of the stomach, bacteria and other microorganisms digest tough plant fibers (cellulose). To aid in this process, cows regurgitate and re-chew food multiple times before it passes on to the rest of the digestive system via the other stomach chambers. This…

sorrel: Other common species are garden sorrel (R. acetosa), French sorrel (R. scutatus), and red-veined sorrel (R. sanguineus), all of which are hardy perennials distributed throughout Europe and Asia. Garden sorrel, like sheep sorrel, has become naturalized in North America.

sorrel: Sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella) is a weedy species that is native to Europe and has become widespread in North America. It is an attractive but troublesome invader that occurs in lawns and gardens as well as meadows and grassy slopes. It sprouts from spreading rootstocks…

sorrel: acetosa), French sorrel (R. scutatus), and red-veined sorrel (R. sanguineus), all of which are hardy perennials distributed throughout Europe and Asia. Garden sorrel, like sheep sorrel, has become naturalized in North America.

Kano: Camel caravans brought prosperity under Mohamman Rumfa (1463–99), the greatest of Kano’s Hausa kings, who established the Kurmi Market, built the Juma’at Mosque (restored) and a palace (now used by the Fulani emirs), and fought the first of a series of wars with Katsina (92 miles [148 km] northwest), Kano’s…

Rumford, town, Oxford county, western Maine, U.S., in the Oxford Hills where the Ellis, Swift, and Concord rivers enter the Androscoggin River to form spectacular Pennacook Falls, 75 miles (121 km) north-northwest of Portland. The town includes the communities of Rumford, Rumford Center, and

Concord, city, capital (since 1808) of New Hampshire, U.S., and seat (1823) of Merrimack county. It lies along the Merrimack River above Manchester. The site was granted by the Massachusetts Bay colony in 1725 as Penacook Plantation. Settled in 1727, the community was incorporated as Rumford in

Dame Clara Butt was an English contralto known for her concert performances of ballads and oratorios. After studying at the Royal College of Music, Butt made her debut in 1892 as Ursula in Sir Arthur Sullivan’s cantata The Golden Legend. She possessed a powerful contralto voice and a commanding

Sir Benjamin Thompson, count von Rumford was an American-born British physicist, government administrator, and a founder of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London. His investigations of heat overturned the theory that heat is a liquid form of matter and established the beginnings of the

Rūmī was the greatest Sufi mystic and poet in the Persian language, famous for his lyrics and for his didactic epic Mas̄navī-yi Maʿnavī (“Spiritual Couplets”), which widely influenced mystical thought and literature throughout the Muslim world. After his death, his disciples were organized as the

Lucknow: The Rumi Darwaza, or Turkish Gate, was modeled (1784) on the Sublime Porte (Bab-i Hümayun) in Istanbul. The best-preserved monument is the Residency (1800), the scene of the defense by British troops during the Siege of Lucknow. A memorial commemorating the Indians who died during the uprising was erected…

Rūmī was the greatest Sufi mystic and poet in the Persian language, famous for his lyrics and for his didactic epic Mas̄navī-yi Maʿnavī (“Spiritual Couplets”), which widely influenced mystical thought and literature throughout the Muslim world. After his death, his disciples were organized as the

Nikolay Petrovich, Count Rumyantsev was a Russian statesman and diplomat who was also a bibliophile and a patron of historiography and voyages of exploration. The Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg, founded to house his collection of books, rare manuscripts, and maps, became the heart of the

Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev, Count Zadunaysky was a Russian army officer who distinguished himself in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) against Prussia and in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). As governor-general of Ukraine (from November 1764), he was responsible for integrating the region more

Robert Rumilly was a Canadian historian best known for his immense and incomplete study Histoire de la province de Québec, 34 vol. (1940–63; “History of the Province of Quebec”). Educated in France, he served in the French army during World War I before emigrating to Canada in 1928. He became a

bloat, disorder of ruminant animals involving distention of the rumen, the first of the four divisions of the stomach, with gas of fermentation. Bloated cattle are restless and noticeably uncomfortable and have distended left flanks. Bloat often occurs in cattle that have grazed young, lush legumes

ruminant, (suborder Ruminantia), any mammal of the suborder Ruminantia (order Artiodactyla), which includes the pronghorns, giraffes, okapis, deer, chevrotains, cattle, antelopes, sheep, and goats. Most ruminants have a four-chambered stomach and two-toed feet. The upper incisors are reduced or

ruminant, (suborder Ruminantia), any mammal of the suborder Ruminantia (order Artiodactyla), which includes the pronghorns, giraffes, okapis, deer, chevrotains, cattle, antelopes, sheep, and goats. Most ruminants have a four-chambered stomach and two-toed feet. The upper incisors are reduced or

artiodactyl: Digestive system: …in the mouth is called rumination.

Judenräte: …Łódź, under the chairmanship of Mordecai Chaim Rumkowski, authority was more centralized. Commerce, trade, and all municipal services, including the distribution of food and housing, were tightly controlled.

Römer: An English goblet called rummer (from “Römer,” not “rum”) was first made similar to the German original but in the 18th century evolved into a very different form. Usually thick and heavy, the glasses have short stems, feet that are sometimes square, and bowls with a variety of shapes.

Lumbini, grove near the southern border of modern-day Nepal where, according to Buddhist legend, Queen Maha Maya stood and gave birth to the future Buddha while holding onto a branch of a sal tree. There are two references to Lumbini as the birthplace of the Buddha in the Pali scripture, the first

rummy, any of a family of card games whose many variants make it one of the best-known and most widely played card games. Rummy games are based on a simple mechanism and a simple object of play. The mechanism is to draw cards from a stockpile and discard unwanted cards from the hand to a wastepile,

Revere, city, Suffolk county, Massachusetts, U.S. It lies along Massachusetts Bay just northeast of Boston. First known as Rumney Marsh, it was settled in 1626 and was part of Boston from 1632 until 1739, when it became part of Chelsea. During the American Revolution, the British schooner Diana,

Rumoi, city, northwestern Hokkaido, Japan. It lies at the mouth of the Rumoi River, facing the Sea of Japan. The city’s natural port was a fishing centre until the disappearance of herring along its coast after World War II, although cod and Alaska pollack continued to be caught on a small scale.

collective behavior: Rumor: Rumor abounds under certain circumstances. The U.S. psychologists Gordon W. Allport and Leo Postman offered the generalization that rumor intensity is high when both the interest in an event and its ambiguity are great. The U.S. sociologist Tamotsu Shibutani agreed, contending that…

Richard Thompson: …scored minor commercial successes with Rumor and Sigh (1991) and Mock Tudor (1999), and he toured regularly. When asked to assemble a list of the top 10 songs of the past millennium for a magazine article, Thompson took the assignment literally, collecting works that spanned from the 11th century to…

Rob Reiner: Later films: …Alex & Emma (2003), and Rumor Has It… (2005) were commercial and critical disappointments.

Mariano Rumor was a leader of Italy’s Christian Democrat Party and premier in several governments from 1968 to 1974. After graduation from the University of Padua, Rumor became a teacher. During World War II he served as an officer in the artillery, and in 1943 he joined the partisans to fight

Neil Simon: Subsequent plays included Rumors (1988); Lost in Yonkers (1991; film 1993), which won both a Pulitzer Prize and the Tony Award for best play; and The Dinner Party (2000).

Kehinde Wiley: Black Rock Senegal and other projects from the late 2010s: Also in 2019 Wiley’s Rumors of War, a bronze sculpture commissioned by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, was unveiled in Times Square, New York City, and was later brought to its permanent location in front of the museum. The work recalls the traditional equestrian form used for…

collective behavior: Rumor: Rumor abounds under certain circumstances. The U.S. psychologists Gordon W. Allport and Leo Postman offered the generalization that rumor intensity is high when both the interest in an event and its ambiguity are great. The U.S. sociologist Tamotsu Shibutani agreed, contending that…

Fleetwood Mac: …multimillion-selling Fleetwood Mac (1975) and Rumours. Evocatively reflecting the simultaneous breakups of the McVies’ marriage and Buckingham and Nicks’s relationship, Rumours—which won the Grammy Award for album of the year—epitomized the band’s accomplished songwriting, arresting vocal chemistry, and rock-solid rhythm section.

Rump Parliament, in the period of the English Commonwealth, the phase of the Long Parliament (q.v.) following the expulsion of 121 members unacceptable to the rebel army in

Rumpelstiltskin, German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm for their Grimm’s Fairy Tales (1812–22). Other variations occur in European folklore; in some British versions the title character is named Terrytop, Tom Tit Tot, or Whuppity Stoorie. The title character is a mysterious gnomelike

Georg Eberhard Rumpf was a naturalist and author of Herbarium Amboinense (1741–55), an extensive study of the flora of the East Indies. Rumpf was sent to Amboina by the Dutch East India Company in 1653 to study plant life. The six-volume illustrated work that he produced represented a more complete

Georg Eberhard Rumpf was a naturalist and author of Herbarium Amboinense (1741–55), an extensive study of the flora of the East Indies. Rumpf was sent to Amboina by the Dutch East India Company in 1653 to study plant life. The six-volume illustrated work that he produced represented a more complete

Rumphi, town located in northern Malawi on the Rumphi (Chelinda) River at its junction with the South Rukuru River. Except for an extensive coffee crop, local agriculture is at a subsistence level. The headquarters of a Church of Scotland mission is located at Livingstonia, 50 miles (80 km)

Rumphi, town located in northern Malawi on the Rumphi (Chelinda) River at its junction with the South Rukuru River. Except for an extensive coffee crop, local agriculture is at a subsistence level. The headquarters of a Church of Scotland mission is located at Livingstonia, 50 miles (80 km)

Horace Rumpole, fictional character, a barrister featured in many television scripts and novels of John Mortimer. The rumpled, disreputable, and curmudgeonly Rumpole often wins cases despite the disdain of his more aristocratic colleagues. He is fond of cheap wine (“Château Thames Embankment”) and

John Fitch: After a battle with James Rumsey over claims to invention, Fitch was granted a U.S. patent for steamboats on August 26, 1791, and a French patent the same year.

Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 2006, turned back constitutional challenges to the Solomon Amendment, a modification in a federal statute that required the U.S. Department of Defense to deny funding to institutions of

Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 6, 2006, turned back constitutional challenges to the Solomon Amendment, a modification in a federal statute that required the U.S. Department of Defense to deny funding to institutions of

Donald Rumsfeld: Rumsfeld’s Rules: Leadership Lessons in Business, Politics, War, and Life (2013) comprised guidelines he had written out on note cards during his career, fleshed out with observations from historical figures and personal acquaintances. Rumsfeld was the subject of the Errol Morris documentary The Unknown Known…

Donald Rumsfeld was a U.S. government official who served as secretary of defense (1975–77; 2001–06) in the Republican administrations of Presidents Gerald Ford and George W. Bush. After graduating from Princeton University (A.B., 1954), Rumsfeld served three years as an aviator in the U.S. Navy.

rumspringa, a rite of passage and period of growth in adolescence for some Amish youths, during which time they face fewer restrictions on their behaviour and are not subject to the Ordnung (German: “order”), the specific system of unwritten community norms that governs their sect. Not all Amish

Muhammad Iqbal: Early life and career: …Persian poem, Rumūz-e bīkhūdī (1918; The Mysteries of Selflessness). Written as a counterpoint to the individualism preached in the Asrār-e khūdī, this poem called for self-surrender.

Nikolay Petrovich, Count Rumyantsev was a Russian statesman and diplomat who was also a bibliophile and a patron of historiography and voyages of exploration. The Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg, founded to house his collection of books, rare manuscripts, and maps, became the heart of the

Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev, Count Zadunaysky was a Russian army officer who distinguished himself in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63) against Prussia and in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74). As governor-general of Ukraine (from November 1764), he was responsible for integrating the region more

Ann Patchett: Later novels and other works: …fiction with her next book, Run (2007), which explores the relationship between an ambitious father and his two sons. Issues of medical ethics and mortality are the focus of State of Wonder (2011), in which a pharmaceutical researcher travels to the Amazon Rainforest to investigate both the death of a…

gallop: …be four beats in an extended gallop, or run—the gait featured in cross-country riding, in polo, in working with cattle, and in track racing.

Sarah Paulson: Other film and television roles: (2019), The Goldfinch (2019), and Run (2020). In 2020 Paulson appeared as Alice Macray, a friend and collaborator of activist Phyllis Schlafly, in FX’s limited drama series Mrs. America, about the conservative fight against the Equal Rights Amendment.

Ed Harris: …(Liam Neeson) in the action-packed Run All Night (2015).

Paul McCartney: Wings and solo career: …of mostly early rock-and-roll songs, Run Devil Run, which he recorded with Pink Floyd’s David Gilmour, to more positive reviews. His pop albums in the early 21st century include Driving Rain (2001), Chaos and Creation in the Backyard (2005), Memory Almost Full (2007), New

David Schwimmer: Directing and stage work: …directorial debut in 2007 with Run Fatboy Run, a romantic comedy about a man who decides to run a marathon in an attempt to win back his former fiancée. He also directed the drama Trust (2010), about a young woman who is abused by a sexual predator she meets online.

Samuel Fuller: Films of the 1950s: Run of the Arrow (1957) exhibited the distinctive Fuller touch of black humour mixed with a deep streak of cynicism. A bitter Confederate soldier (Rod Steiger) joins a Sioux tribe after the American Civil War. Forty Guns (1957) was a western, with Barbara Stanwyck as…

cricket: Methods of dismissal: …is out by a “run out” if, while the ball is in play, his wicket is broken while he is out of his ground (that is, he does not have at least his bat in the crease). If the batsmen have passed each other, the one running for the…

Joan Didion: Early life: From Vogue to her first novel: …Didion wrote her first novel, Run River (1963), which examines the disintegration of a California family. In 1977 Didion told The Paris Review that 12 publishers passed on the novel while it was a 150-page work in progress. It was finally picked up by publisher Ivan Obolensky, who gave her…

Clark Gable: Gone with the Wind, tragedy, and later films of Clark Gable: …he played a plantation owner; Run Silent, Run Deep (1958), a tense submarine adventure in which Gable costarred with Burt Lancaster; and the romantic farces Teacher’s Pet (1958), with Doris Day, and It Started in Naples (1960), with Sophia Loren.

Sarah Polley: …to write the essay collection Run Towards the Danger: Confrontations with a Body of Memory (2022), in which she explores difficult incidents from her life.

Dolly Parton: Books and other honors: best-selling author James Patterson, Run, Rose, Run, a thriller about a young country music singer with a mysterious past. It was published in 2022, just days after the release of a companion album.

Dean Smith: …that Smith devised included the run-and-jump defense (a full-court pressure defense that involved players switching defensive assignments on the run) and the foul-line huddle (in which one player would relay instructions from Smith to the other players before a foul shot). Hallmarks of his teams were that players acknowledged a…

Run-DMC, was an American rap group that brought hip-hop into the musical and cultural mainstream, introducing what became known as “new-school” rap. Run-DMC’s hit songs included “Walk This Way” (1986) and “It’s Tricky” (1987). Its members were Joseph Simmons (Run), Darryl McDaniels (DMC, or

Run-DMC, was an American rap group that brought hip-hop into the musical and cultural mainstream, introducing what became known as “new-school” rap. Run-DMC’s hit songs included “Walk This Way” (1986) and “It’s Tricky” (1987). Its members were Joseph Simmons (Run), Darryl McDaniels (DMC, or

data compression: Run-length encoding (RLE) is good for repetitive data, replacing it by a count and one copy of a repeated item. Adaptive dictionary methods build a table of strings and then replace occurrences of them by shorter codes. The Lempel-Ziv algorithm, invented by Israeli computer scientists…

data compression: Run-length encoding (RLE) is good for repetitive data, replacing it by a count and one copy of a repeated item. Adaptive dictionary methods build a table of strings and then replace occurrences of them by shorter codes. The Lempel-Ziv algorithm, invented by Israeli computer scientists…

coal mining: Coal preparation: Therefore, run-of-mine (ROM) coal—the coal that comes directly from a mine—has impurities associated with it. The buyer, on the other hand, may demand certain specifications depending on the intended use of the coal, whether for utility combustion, carbonization, liquefaction, or gasification. In very simple terms, the…

enjambment, in prosody, the continuation of the sense of a phrase beyond the end of a line of verse. T.S. Eliot used enjambment in the opening lines of his poem The Waste Land: Compare end

Quechua, term that refers to both a family of Indigenous languages of the Andes and, more broadly, the people who speak those languages. Quechua-speaking populations are distributed across a wide territory extending from southern Colombia and Ecuador through Peru and Bolivia and into northwestern

bike wagon, a lightweight, one-horse, open carriage, having four wheels, almost invariably with pneumatic or solid rubber tires of the same type used on bicycles, and axles with ball bearings. It was designed in the 1890s, one of the last horse-drawn vehicles manufactured, and it included such

motorboat: Types.: The outboard runabout, or motor launch, is a fairly small open boat with seats running laterally across the width of the craft and occasionally with decking over the bow area. Inboard runabouts are usually a bit larger and are either open or have a removable shelter top.…

Badr Khānī Jāladat: …with his later illustrated publication Runahi (“Light”), promoted understanding among the diverse and often conflicting elements of the Kurdish nationalist movement and contributed to the growth of a Kurdish popular literature.

robot: In his next work, Runaround (1942), Asimov introduced the famous Three Laws of Robotics:

Alice Munro: Later work: In Runaway (2004) Munro explores the depths of ordinary lives through the use of temporal shifts and realistically rendered reminiscences; it also was awarded the Giller Prize. The View from Castle Rock (2007) combines history, family memoir, and fiction into narratives of questionable inquiries and obscure…

Del Shannon: …released his first single, “Runaway,” in 1961. Punctuated by his trademark falsetto cries, this ode to lost love (a common theme in Shannon’s songs) topped the charts. A series of hits quickly followed: “Hats Off to Larry,” “So Long Baby,” “Hey! Little Girl” (all 1961), “Little Town Flirt” (1963),…

Garry Marshall: Films: Pretty Woman and The Princess Diaries: …with Gere and Roberts on Runaway Bride (1999), which was less successful. During this time Marshall also directed Frankie and Johnny (1991), about a relationship that develops between a cook just released from prison (Al Pacino) and a waitress (Michelle Pfeiffer).

The Sea of Fertility: …yuki (Spring Snow), Homma (Runaway Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The Decay of the Angel)—is set in Japan, and together they cover the period from roughly 1912 to the 1960s. Each of them depicts a different reincarnation of the same being: as a…

instinct: Instinct as behaviour: …theory, sometimes called the “runaway hypothesis,” is that perceptual preferences of the choosers, for certain characteristics unrelated to genetic quality in prospective mates, can drive the evolutionary exaggeration of those characteristics to greater and greater extremes. For example, the existence of supernormal stimulation supports the idea that displays of…

John Grisham: Other novels: 1997), The Runaway Jury (1996; film 2003), and The Testament (1999).

John Grisham: Other novels: Rainmaker (1995; film 1997), The Runaway Jury (1996; film 2003), and The Testament (1999).

Ron Toomer: …thrillers as the tubular track Runaway Mine Ride (1966), the inverted helix-shaped Corkscrew (1975), and the first suspended coasters of the 1980s.

Beverly Cleary: …Mouse and the Motorcycle (1965), Runaway Ralph (1970), and the Ramona series, whose notable titles include Ramona the Pest (1968), Ramona and Her Father (1977), and Ramona Quimby, Age 8 (1981).

runaway selection hypothesis, in biology, an explanation first proposed by English statistician R.A. Fisher in the 1930s to account for the rapid evolution of specific physical traits in male animals of certain species. Some traits—such as prominent plumage, elaborate courtship behaviours, or

Paul Zindel: …for Up the Sandbox (1972), Runaway Train (1985), and several made-for-television movies.

Joan Jett: The Runaways:

Joan Jett: Later work and legacy: …most notable film projects was The Runaways (2010), a feature film based on Currie’s 1989 memoir, Neon Angel: The Cherie Currie Story (expanded and republished in 2010 as Neon Angel: A Memoir of a Runaway), that introduced Jett’s teenage career to a new generation. Jett served as an executive producer…

Robert Runcie was the archbishop of Canterbury and titular head of the Anglican Communion from 1980 to 1991. Runcie attended a Scottish local council school and Merchant Taylors’ School in Crosby before entering Brasenose College, Oxford. His education was interrupted after one year by the outbreak

20th-century international relations: The taking of Czechoslovakia: …British Cabinet dispatched the elderly Lord Walter Runciman to mediate, but Henlein rejected the program of concessions he finally arranged with Beneš. As the prospect of war increased, the British appeasers grew more frantic. In the spring the editor of the leftist New Statesman thought “armed resistance to the dictators…

creativity: Phase models of creativity: The American psychologist Mark Runco holds that the creative process consists of six essential stages, or phases. In the first stage, “orientation” (a time of intense interest and curiosity), the creative individual gathers information. The second stage, “incubation,” consists of defining the problem and seeking a solution and…

Runcorn, town, Halton unitary authority, historic county of Cheshire, northwestern England. It lies on the southern shore of the River Mersey 15 miles (24 km) upstream from the port of Liverpool. The main industry is the production of chemicals. Railway and road bridges connect the town with Widnes

Stanley Keith Runcorn was a British geophysicist whose pioneering studies of paleomagnetism provided early evidence in support of the theory of continental drift. Runcorn was educated at the University of Cambridge (B.A., 1944; M.A., 1948) and the University of Manchester (Ph.D., 1949). He was

Anatolian religion: The pantheon: …the texts by the logogram KAL, to be read Kurunda or Tuwata, later Ruwata, Runda. The war god also appears, though his Hittite name is concealed behind the logogram ZABABA, the name of the Mesopotamian war god. His Hattian name was Wurunkatti, his Hurrian counterpart Hesui. His Hattian name meant…

Ringo Starr: Solo career: music, acting, and photography: …with the All-Starr Band were Todd Rundgren and Levon Helm. Solo studio albums featuring tracks written and recorded by Starr and members of his All-Starr Band include Choose Love (2005), Postcards from Paradise (2015), Give More Love (2017), and What’s My Name (2019). In 2025 Starr returned to the country…