theatre: The influence of Piscator: In the Rote Rummel Revue (“Red Riot Review”; 1924), produced for the German Communist Party, Piscator began the action with a fight in the auditorium. The protagonists came out of the audience to argue their points of view and commented on the action of the various scenes.…

Kurt Tucholsky: He contributed to Rote Signale (1931; “Red Signals”), a collection of communist poetry, and to Schaubühne, later Die Weltbühne, a journal published by the pacifist Carl von Ossietzky. In 1933 Tucholsky’s works were denounced by the Nazi government and banned, and he was stripped of his German citizenship.…

Sedang language, North Bahnaric language of the Mon-Khmer family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Sedang is spoken by some 110,000 people living in south-central Vietnam. The Tadrah language, spoken south of Sedang in the same region, may be a dialect but is usually considered a

Sedang language, North Bahnaric language of the Mon-Khmer family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Sedang is spoken by some 110,000 people living in south-central Vietnam. The Tadrah language, spoken south of Sedang in the same region, may be a dialect but is usually considered a

rubella, contagious viral disease that runs a mild and benign course in most people. Although rubella is not usually a serious illness in children or adults, it can cause birth defects or the loss of a fetus if a woman in the early stages of pregnancy becomes infected. German physician Daniel

Asian carp: …a piscicide (fish poison) called rotenone. This effort was designed to assess the current range of the carp and to prevent further encroachment; one specimen of Asian carp was found in the treated area. Weeks later, amid protestations from shipping interests, the state of Michigan filed a lawsuit against Illinois…

lighthouse: Construction: …to the building of the Roter Sand Lighthouse in the estuary of the Weser River in Germany and then to the Fourteen Foot Bank light in the Delaware Bay, U.S. With this method, a steel caisson or open-ended cylinder, perhaps 12 meters (40 feet) in diameter, was positioned on the…

weight throw: The roth cleas, or wheel feat, reputedly was a major test of the ancient Tailteann Games in Ireland. The competition consisted of various methods of throwing: from shoulder or side, with one or two hands, and with or without a run. The implements used varied widely…

Funding a Roth IRA is appealing chiefly because doing so can give you tax-free income in retirement. The trade-off, however, is that you fund a Roth with after-tax money, meaning you don’t get a tax deduction today. Plus, if your income is too high, you can’t fund a Roth. The good news? You can get

If you’re exploring ways to save for retirement, an individual retirement account (IRA) offers tax advantages that can help your savings grow. Each type, Roth and traditional, has unique benefits and rules, particularly when it comes to eligibility and how contributions and withdrawals are taxed.

obscenity: Developments in the 20th century: ” Two decades later, in Roth v. United States (1957), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the standard of obscenity should be “whether, to the average person, applying contemporary community standards, the dominant theme of the material taken as a whole appeals to prurient interest.” In subsequent years the court…

sabermetrics: Early analytic efforts: …Rickey also employed statistical analyst Allan Roth, who once said, “Baseball is a game of percentages. I try to find the actual percentage.” In 1954 Life magazine published an article attributed to Rickey, but masterminded by Roth, titled “Goodby to Some Old Baseball Ideas,” which was devoted to the proposition…

Alvin E. Roth is an American economist who was a pioneer of market design, a field that devises systems for matching supply with demand until a stable market has been established. With the American economist Lloyd Shapley, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Economics. Roth grew up in Queens,

Alvin E. Roth is an American economist who was a pioneer of market design, a field that devises systems for matching supply with demand until a stable market has been established. With the American economist Lloyd Shapley, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Economics. Roth grew up in Queens,

Anne Roiphe is an American feminist and author whose novels and nonfiction explore the conflicts between women’s traditional family roles and the desire for an independent identity. Anne Roth graduated from Sarah Lawrence College in 1957 and married Jack Richardson in 1958. The marriage ended in

Eddie Van Halen: Early life: Singer David Lee Roth and bassist Michael Anthony joined in 1974, and the band changed its name to Van Halen. The band progressed from playing backyard parties and high-school gigs around Pasadena to performing at nightclubs in Los Angeles, such as the Starwood, Gazzarri’s, and the…

lithography: Commercial lithography: Joseph Beuys, Gerhard Richter, Dieter Roth, and Kara Walker, had used the offset process to noncommercial ends.

Henry Roth was an American teacher, farmer, machinist, and sporadic author whose novel Call It Sleep (1934) was one of the neglected masterpieces of American literature in the 1930s. The son of Jewish immigrants, Roth graduated from the College of the City of New York in 1928 and held a variety of

Joseph Roth was a journalist and regional novelist who, particularly in his later novels, mourned the passing of an age of stability he saw represented by the last pre-World War I years of the Habsburg empire of Austria-Hungary. Details about Roth’s early years, religious beliefs, and personal life

Klaus Friedrich Roth German-born British mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1958 for his work in number theory. Roth attended Peterhouse College, Cambridge, England (B.A., 1945), and the University of London (M.Sc., 1948; Ph.D., 1950). From 1948 to 1966 he held an appointment at

Philip Roth was an American novelist and short-story writer whose works are characterized by an acute ear for dialogue, a concern with Jewish middle-class life, and the painful entanglements of sexual and familial love. In Roth’s later years his works were informed by an increasingly naked

Philip Roth was an American novelist and short-story writer whose works are characterized by an acute ear for dialogue, a concern with Jewish middle-class life, and the painful entanglements of sexual and familial love. In Roth’s later years his works were informed by an increasingly naked

Peaky Blinders: Reception and legacy: Rebecca Ferguson, and Tim Roth.

Veronica Roth is an American writer known for her Divergent trilogy of science-fiction novels for young adults, which unfolds as a coming-of-age story set in a postapocalyptic Chicago. Roth, who was born in New York City but grew up in Barrington, Illinois, began writing at an early age and was an

Chris Coons: …1982 senatorial campaign of Delaware’s William Roth; both of the candidates were Republicans. In the mid-1980s, however, Coons moved to the Democratic Party. In 1996, after having worked in South Africa and for a nonprofit organization concerned with caring for the homeless, he became legal counsel to a Delaware textile…

Chris Coons: …1982 senatorial campaign of Delaware’s William Roth; both of the candidates were Republicans. In the mid-1980s, however, Coons moved to the Democratic Party. In 1996, after having worked in South Africa and for a nonprofit organization concerned with caring for the homeless, he became legal counsel to a Delaware textile…

Rothaar Hills, southernmost mountain region of the Sauerland in the Middle Rhine Highlands of southeastern North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), west-central Germany. The round-topped hills reach their highest point at the heath-covered Kahler Asten (2,759 feet [841 m]). Heavily forested slopes fall

Rothaar Hills, southernmost mountain region of the Sauerland in the Middle Rhine Highlands of southeastern North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), west-central Germany. The round-topped hills reach their highest point at the heath-covered Kahler Asten (2,759 feet [841 m]). Heavily forested slopes fall

Saint Nicholas I: …deposition in 862 of Bishop Rothad II of Soissons by Archbishop Hincmar of Reims, a classic example of the right of bishops to appeal to Rome against their metropolitans. Nicholas, a strict upholder of Rome’s primacy of jurisdiction, ordered an examination that led to Rothad’s restoration in 865 by using,…

the Rockettes: …in New York City was Samuel (“Roxy”) Rothafel, owner of the new Roxy Theater. He acquired the troupe, doubled its size, and dubbed the dancers the Roxyettes. After the 1932 opening of the Radio City Music Hall—then the world’s largest indoor theater—he enlarged the troupe again in order to fill…

the Rockettes: …in New York City was Samuel (“Roxy”) Rothafel, owner of the new Roxy Theater. He acquired the troupe, doubled its size, and dubbed the dancers the Roxyettes. After the 1932 opening of the Radio City Music Hall—then the world’s largest indoor theater—he enlarged the troupe again in order to fill…

Sir Henry Gilbert: …research at the newly founded Rothamsted Experimental Station, Hertfordshire, the first organized agricultural experiment station in the world. Their collaboration lasted for more than half a century. In the 1840s they initiated the manufacture of superphosphate fertilizer, one of their inventions. From 1884 to 1890 Gilbert was Sibthorpian professor of…

Italy: The Lombard kingdom, 584–774: …says little, for example, about Rothari (636–652) except that he was militarily successful (it was he who conquered Liguria) and, most importantly, that he was the first king to set out Lombard custom, in his Edict of 643, a substantial law code that survives independently. It is evident, however, that…

Germanic law: …had similar functions, while the Edictum Rothari (643) applied to Lombards only.

anarcho-capitalism: …term anarcho-capitalism was coined by Murray Rothbard, a leading figure in the American libertarian movement from the 1950s until his death in 1995. Rothbard envisioned a “contractual society” in which the production and exchange of all goods and services, including those usually assigned to the state (such as law enforcement,…

Elektra Records: Village Folk to “Riders on the Storm”: …with Josh White), artists-and-repertoire man Paul Rothchild encouraged amplified versions of folk and blues. He pulled together the work of various artists in the Blues Project concept album (1964) and signed the Chicago-based Paul Butterfield Blues Band, featuring guitar prodigy Mike Bloomfield. Most prescient of all, he discovered and produced…

Richard Rothe was a Lutheran theologian of the German idealist school, which held, in general, that reality is spiritual rather than material and is discerned by studying ideas rather than things. Rothe was educated at the University of Heidelberg, where he studied under the leading German idealist

DNA computing: Biochemistry-based information technology: Winfree, together with his student Paul Rothemund, then showed how these tiles could be designed such that the process of self-assembly could implement a specific computation. Rothemund later extended this work with his study of “DNA origami,” in which a single strand of DNA is folded multiple times into a…

Rothenburg ob der Tauber, city, Bavaria Land (state), south-central Germany. The city lies above the deep valley of the Tauber River, on the scenic “romantic route” between Würzburg and the Bavarian Alps. First mentioned as Rotinbure in the 9th century, it developed around a Hohenstaufen fortress

Christa Luding-Rothenburger is a former speed skater and cyclist from East Germany who made history as the only person to win Summer and Winter Olympic medals in the same year (1988). At the Winter Games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, she won the gold medal in the 1,000-meter speed-skating event; she

Christa Luding-Rothenburger is a former speed skater and cyclist from East Germany who made history as the only person to win Summer and Winter Olympic medals in the same year (1988). At the Winter Games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, she won the gold medal in the 1,000-meter speed-skating event; she

Henry Moore: Background and education: …supporter in the director there, William Rothenstein, who was not unsympathetic to modern artistic tendencies, although he remained a conservative artist himself.

Rother, district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England. Bexhill is the administrative seat. Rother is a mainly rural district in the easternmost part of Sussex surrounding (but not including) the borough of Hastings. It extends along the English Channel coast for

Rother: …district is named for the River Rother, which rises in The Weald, flows east along part of the boundary between East Sussex and Kent, and enters the Channel at Rye. Area 197 square miles (510 square km). Pop. (2001) 85,428; (2011) 90,588.

Rotherham, town and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of South Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, north-central England. It is located at the confluence of the Rivers Don and Rother just north of Sheffield. Besides the town of Rotherham, the metropolitan borough includes suburban

Alan Rotherham was an English rugby player who was a member of the Oxford University team during their golden age, between 1882 and 1884, and who helped to revolutionize the half-back play. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and became a barrister. He won 12 caps for England and played for

Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere was a British newspaper proprietor who, with his brother Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, built the most successful journalistic empire in British history and created popular journalism in that country. A shy individual, he let his

Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere was a British newspaper proprietor who, with his brother Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, built the most successful journalistic empire in British history and created popular journalism in that country. A shy individual, he let his

Rothesay, royal burgh, coastal resort, and chief town of the island of Bute, Argyll and Bute council area, historic county of Buteshire, Scotland, lying on the island’s eastern coast near the entrance to the Firth of Clyde. In the centre of the town are the ruins of an 11th-century castle. Rothesay

Buteshire: Rothesay Castle, on Bute, which goes back to Viking times and was used as a royal residence by Robert II and Robert III of Scotland, was burned down in 1685 and is now an ancient monument, as is Lochranza Castle on Arran. Brodick Castle, where…

Concrete Invention: Carmelo Arden Quin, Gyula Kosice, Rhod Rothfuss, Tomás Maldonado, and others collectively produced the first and only issue of the illustrated magazine Arturo, with texts and reproductions of work by many artists, including Joaquín Torres García, Lidy Prati, Wassily Kandinsky, and Piet Mondrian. The appearance of Arturo, which expressed its…

Mark Rothko was an American painter whose works introduced contemplative introspection into the melodramatic post-World War II Abstract Expressionist school. His use of color as the sole means of expression led to the development of Color Field Painting. Rothko was born Markus Yakovlevich

James E. Rothman is an American biochemist and cell biologist who discovered the molecular machinery involved in vesicle budding and membrane fusion in cells. Cellular vesicles, which are bubblelike structures, play a critical role in the storage and transport of molecules within cells, and errors

James E. Rothman is an American biochemist and cell biologist who discovered the molecular machinery involved in vesicle budding and membrane fusion in cells. Cellular vesicles, which are bubblelike structures, play a critical role in the storage and transport of molecules within cells, and errors

radar: Over-the-horizon radar: …OTH radars known as relocatable over-the-horizon radar (ROTHR), or AN/TPS-71, have been redirected for use in drug interdiction. Such radars, located in Virginia, Texas, and Puerto Rico, provide multiple coverage of drug-traffic regions in Central America and the northern part of South America. An ROTHR can cover a 64-degree…

Fabergé egg: The Rothschild (1902)—an engagement gift for Edouard de Rothschild’s fiancée, Germaine Halphen—was a pink egg that featured a clock face and an automaton bird. Also from 1902 was the Duchess of Marlborough, an egg based on the Blue Serpent Clock.

Rothschild family, the most famous of all European banking dynasties, which for some 200 years had considerable economic influence in Europe. The house was founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild (b. February 23, 1744, Frankfurt am Main—d. September 19, 1812, Frankfurt) and his five sons, Amschel Mayer

Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild was a British zoologist who became a great collector and founded the Rothschild Natural History Museum in London. The eldest son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, he received his titles on the death of his father in 1915. Rothschild studied at the University

Rothschild family: The second generation: Alphonse, for example, as the head of the international banking syndicate that in 1871 and 1872 placed the two great French loans known as liberation loans after France’s defeat by Prussia, could boast that his influence had maintained the chief of the French government, Adolphe…

Ekron: In 1883 Baron Edmond de Rothschild founded a Jewish settlement adjoining ʿAqir, which he named Mazkeret Batya (Hebrew: “Memorial [to] Batya”), in honour of his mother; the name Ekron (now officially Qiryat ʿEqron) was subsequently given to an adjoining new immigrants’ settlement, established in 1949. However, the…

Rothschild family: The second generation: Baron Philippe de Rothschild (1902–88) became a premier winemaker, of the vineyard Mouton-Rothschild. In 2003–08 the British and French houses were merged, marking the reunification of the Rothschild family business for the first time in nearly two centuries.

Dorothy Parker was an American short-story writer, poet, screenwriter, and critic known for her witty—and often acerbic—remarks. She was one of the founders of the Algonquin Round Table, an informal literary group. Dorothy Rothschild was educated at Miss Dana’s School in Morristown, New Jersey, and

Rothschild family: Mayer’s five sons: Amschel, Nathan, Jakob, Salomon, and Karl—the founders of the Rothschild consortium—showed themselves variously suited to the work they inherited from their father: Nathan and Jakob stood out among their brothers by the force of their personalities—particularly Nathan, who was often characterized by his contemporaries as hard, deliberately…

Rothschild family: Mayer’s five sons: Amschel, Nathan, Jakob, Salomon, and Karl—the founders of the Rothschild consortium—showed themselves variously suited to the work they inherited from their father: Nathan and Jakob stood out among their brothers by the force of their personalities—particularly Nathan, who was often characterized by his contemporaries as hard, deliberately…

Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild was a British zoologist who became a great collector and founded the Rothschild Natural History Museum in London. The eldest son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, he received his titles on the death of his father in 1915. Rothschild studied at the University

Georges Mandel was a French political leader noted for his hostility toward Nazi Germany. A member of a prosperous Jewish family, though not related to the Rothschild banking dynasty, Mandel served on the personal staff of Premier Georges Clemenceau from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 to 1920. He

The Progressive: In 2002 editor Matthew Rothschild criticized the George W. Bush administration in a cover story entitled “The New McCarthyism,” and in subsequent regular updates Rothschild continued to point out infringements of civil liberties reminiscent of the McCarthy era.

Rothschild family: The house was founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild (b. February 23, 1744, Frankfurt am Main—d. September 19, 1812, Frankfurt) and his five sons, Amschel Mayer (b. June 12, 1773, Frankfurt—d. December 6, 1855, Frankfurt), Salomon Mayer (b. September 9, 1774—d. July 27, 1855, Vienna), Nathan Mayer (b. September 16, 1777—d.…

Rothschild family: Mayer’s five sons: Amschel, Nathan, Jakob, Salomon, and Karl—the founders of the Rothschild consortium—showed themselves variously suited to the work they inherited from their father: Nathan and Jakob stood out among their brothers by the force of their personalities—particularly Nathan, who was often characterized by his contemporaries as hard,…

Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach: When financier Robert Rothschild refused to sign over his French holdings to Alfried, Rothschild was shipped to the Auschwitz concentration camp and gassed. It was incidents of this kind, together with his exploitation of slave labour, that put Alfried in the prisoners’ dock at the Nürnberg war-crimes…

Arnold Rothstein was an American big-time gambler, bootlegger, and friend of high-placed politicians and businessmen, who dominated influence-peddling in the 1920s in New York City. He was the prototype for F. Scott Fitzgerald’s character Meyer Wolfsheim in The Great Gatsby, “the man who fixed the

Sumner Redstone was an American media executive whose company, National Amusements, Inc. (NAI), acquired leading film, television, and entertainment properties, notably Viacom and CBS. Redstone’s father, Michael (Mickey), was a liquor wholesaler, nightclub owner, and drive-in movie operator. As a

The White Lotus: Season one: Hawaii: …wellness practitioner Belinda Lindsey (Natasha Rothwell). Tanya falls in love with Greg Hunt (Jon Gries), who says he is a government worker staying at the resort and who claims to have a terminal illness. Despite the prospect of a short-lived relationship, the duo nevertheless pursue a union, seemingly choosing…

chapati: Chapati and roti are often considered interchangeable, because they are both unleavened breads made with wheat flour, but there are differences in their cooking techniques. Some consider chapati a type of roti, while others think they are two entirely unique breads. While roti is sometimes cooked on…

Roti Island, island about 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Timor across the narrow Roti Strait, Nusa Tenggara Timur provinsi (province), Indonesia. Roti lies between the Indian Ocean on the west and the Timor Sea on the east. It is 50 miles (80 km) long (southwest-northeast) and about 14 miles (23 km)

Austronesian languages: Central Malayo-Polynesian (CMP): …on the island of Flores; Roti, spoken on the island of the same name; Tetum, spoken on the island of Timor; and Buruese, spoken on the island of Buru in the central Moluccas.

rotifer, any of the approximately 2,000 species of microscopic, aquatic invertebrates that constitute the phylum Rotifera. Rotifers are so named because the circular arrangement of moving cilia (tiny hairlike structures) at the front end resembles a rotating wheel. Although common in freshwater on

rotifer, any of the approximately 2,000 species of microscopic, aquatic invertebrates that constitute the phylum Rotifera. Rotifers are so named because the circular arrangement of moving cilia (tiny hairlike structures) at the front end resembles a rotating wheel. Although common in freshwater on

Ola Rotimi was a Nigerian scholar, playwright, and director. Rotimi was born to an Ijaw mother and a Yoruba father, and cultural diversity was a frequent theme in his work. Educated in Nigeria in Port Harcourt and Lagos, he traveled to the United States in 1959 to study at Boston University. After

Ola Rotimi was a Nigerian scholar, playwright, and director. Rotimi was born to an Ijaw mother and a Yoruba father, and cultural diversity was a frequent theme in his work. Educated in Nigeria in Port Harcourt and Lagos, he traveled to the United States in 1959 to study at Boston University. After

Rothenburg ob der Tauber, city, Bavaria Land (state), south-central Germany. The city lies above the deep valley of the Tauber River, on the scenic “romantic route” between Würzburg and the Bavarian Alps. First mentioned as Rotinbure in the 9th century, it developed around a Hohenstaufen fortress

baseball: Fantasy baseball: Rotisserie baseball was invented in 1980 by author Dan Okrent and a group of baseball-minded friends who regularly met at the Manhattan restaurant Le Rotisserie Francais. They formed the core of the first rotisserie league. Unlike APBA, which is based upon a prior season’s performance,…

fantasy sport, any of a number of games that permit a person to play either a virtual game or a virtual season of a sport. In fantasy sports, the fans pose as both general manager and field manager of their team, building a roster through a draft and trades and making lineups in pursuit of the

fantasy sport, any of a number of games that permit a person to play either a virtual game or a virtual season of a sport. In fantasy sports, the fans pose as both general manager and field manager of their team, building a roster through a draft and trades and making lineups in pursuit of the

rotogravure printing, system of printing based on the transfer of fluid ink from depressions in a printing plate to the paper. It is an intaglio process, so-called because the design to be printed is etched or engraved below the surface of the printing plate. At the start of the gravure printing

Rueil-Malmaison, town, western residential and industrial suburb of Paris, Hauts-de-Seine département, Île-de-France région, north-central France. Originally called Rotoialum or Roialum, it was a resort of the Merovingian kings, a Frankish dynasty (6th–8th century). In 1346 Rueil was burned by the

mineral: Symmetry elements: A rotoinversion axis combines rotation about an axis of rotation with inversion. Rotoinversion axes are symbolized as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, where 1 is equivalent to a centre of symmetry (or inversion), 2 is equivalent to a mirror plane, and 3 is equivalent to…

Rouen, port city and capital of Seine-Maritime département, Haute-Normandie région, northwestern France. It is located about 78 miles (125 km) northwest of Paris, on the Seine River. Known to the Romans as Rotomagus, the city first became important in the 3rd century ce, when Christianity was

Andrea Palladio: Visits to Rome and work in Vicenza: …for Giulio Capra, called the Villa Rotonda, near Vicenza. This was a hilltop belvedere, or summer house, with a view, of completely symmetrical plan with hexastyle, or porticoes on each of four sides and central circular halls surmounted by domes. The Villa Trissino at Meledo, of the same type, was…

Thom Mayne: …1972 Mayne and fellow architect Michael Rotondi launched the Santa Monica, California-based design firm Morphosis, taking the firm’s name from the Greek word meaning “to be in formation” or “taking shape.” That same year Mayne helped found the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI-ARC), which became a leading school in…

electric generator: Rotor: An elementary synchronous generator is shown in cross section in Figure 2. The central shaft of the rotor is coupled to the mechanical prime mover. The magnetic field is produced by conductors, or coils, wound into slots cut in the surface of the cylindrical…

lee wave: …of sufficient amplitude for a rotor, a vortex with a horizontal axis of rotation perpendicular to the direction of flow, to occur. In a rotor, the wind at the ground blows toward the mountain.

helicopter: Principles of flight and operation: …the rotating blade assembly (rotor) mounted atop its fuselage on a hinged shaft (mast) connected with the vehicle’s engine and flight controls. In comparison to airplanes, the tail of a helicopter is somewhat elongated and the rudder smaller; the tail is fitted with a small antitorque rotor (tail rotor).…

gasoline engine: Rotary (Wankel) engines: …has an equilateral triangular orbiting rotor. The rotor turns in a closed chamber, and the three apexes of the rotor maintain a continuous sliding contact with the curved inner surface of the casing. The curve-sided rotor forms three crescent-shaped chambers between its sides and the curved wall of the casing.…

cipher: …in cryptodevices—the development of the rotor cipher machine. One common type of rotor system implemented product ciphers with simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers as factors. The rotors in this machine consisted of disks with electrical contacts on each side that were hardwired to realize an arbitrary set of one-to-one connections (monoalphabetic…

kite: Kite structure: …deviation in form is the rotor, a kinetic kite that manifests lift and the Magnus effect through a horizontal spinning vane sandwiched between two cylinders—a rigid frame and sail in one.

cotton: Cotton fiber processing: Faster production methods include rotor spinning (a type of open-end spinning), in which fibers are detached from the card sliver and twisted, within a rotor, as they are joined to the end of the yarn. For the production of cotton blends, air-jet spinning may be used; in this high-speed…

helicopter: …more power-driven horizontal propellers or rotors that enable it to take off and land vertically, to move in any direction, or to remain stationary in the air. Other vertical-flight craft include autogiros, convertiplanes, and V/STOL aircraft of a number of configurations.

Rotorua, city (“district”), north-central North Island, New Zealand. It lies at the southwestern end of Lake Rotorua, for which it is named, between the Bay of Plenty to the northeast and Lake Taupo to the southwest. Founded in the early 1870s, it was constituted a special town district in 1881

Rotorua: Other attractions include the Rotorua Museum of Art and History in the former government bathhouse on the lakeshore and its adjacent gardens and the remains of Te Wairoa, a village near Mount Tarawera that was buried in the 1886 eruption and is now preserved as a museum.