Francisco Franco: Life: In October 1934, during a bloody uprising of Asturian miners who opposed the admission of three conservative members to the government, Franco was called in to quell the revolt. His success in this operation brought him new prominence. In May 1935 he was appointed chief of…

October Revolution, (Oct. 24–25 [Nov. 6–7, New Style], 1917), the second and last major phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which the Bolshevik Party seized power in Russia, inaugurating the Soviet regime. See Russian Revolution of

Chris Cooper: …an aspiring rocket scientist in October Sky (1999) and portrayed the abusive and homophobic Colonel Fitts in American Beauty (1999).

Yom Kippur War, fourth of the Arab-Israeli wars, which was initiated by Egypt and Syria on October 6, 1973, on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur. It also occurred during Ramadan, the sacred month of fasting in Islam, and it lasted until October 26, 1973. The war, which eventually drew both the

Suez Crisis, (1956), international crisis in the Middle East, precipitated on July 26, 1956, when the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests. The Suez Crisis was

Octobrist, member of a conservative-liberal Russian political party whose program of moderate constitutionalism called for the fulfillment of the emperor Nicholas II’s October Manifesto. Founded in November 1905, the party was led by the industrialist Aleksandr Ivanovich Guchkov and drew support

cnidarian: Size range and diversity of structure: …of most hydroids, hydrocorals, and soft and hard corals, however, proliferate asexually into colonies, which can attain much greater size and longevity than their component polyps. Certain tropical sea anemones (class Anthozoa) may be a metre in diameter, and some temperate ones are nearly that tall. Anthozoans are long-lived, both…

degu, (genus Octodon), one of four species of ratlike South American rodents found primarily on the lower western slopes of the Andes Mountains. It is one of the most common mammals of central Chile at elevations up to 1,200 metres (3,900 feet), where it prefers open grassy areas near shrubs,

degu: Bridges’s degu (O. bridgesi) dwells in forests along the base of the Andes from extreme southern Argentina to central Chile. The Mocha Island degu (O. pacificus) is found only in forest habitat on an island off the coast of central Chile; it was not classified…

degu: The moon-toothed degu (Octodon lunatus) lives along coastal Chile, apparently replacing O. degus in areas where thicket habitat is common. Bridges’s degu (O. bridgesi) dwells in forests along the base of the Andes from extreme southern Argentina to central Chile. The Mocha Island degu (O. pacificus)…

degu: The Mocha Island degu (O. pacificus) is found only in forest habitat on an island off the coast of central Chile; it was not classified as a different species until 1994. Because their habitats are being cleared for agriculture, both the Mocha Island and the Bridges’s…

Switzerland: Rural communities: …of the best examples are Martigny (the Roman city of Octodurum), at the meeting of the Great Saint Bernard Pass route and the Rhône valley, and Chur, a more than 5,000-year-old city located where the Rhine connects with passes to the interior of the canton of Graubünden. In addition, settlements…

St. Paul VI: Social and ecumenical interests: …issued a forceful apostolic letter, Octogesima adveniens, with particular insistence on the necessity of involvement of all human beings in the solution of the problems of justice and peace.

Cucurbitales: Other families: includes two genera (Tetrameles and Octomeles) of Indo-Malesian (see Malesian subkingdom) trees, each with one species. Male and female flowers occur on different trees and are borne in pendulous spikes. The ovary is inferior, with the ovules borne on the walls, and the short styles are borne in a ring…

Tetramelaceae: Octomeles sumatrana is among the tallest trees in the forests of Malesia. Tetrameles nudiflora, a tree that grows from Central and East Asia to Australia, has male and female blooms on separate trees. The flowers are small and the fruits are dry, splitting open to…

octopus, in general, any eight-armed cephalopod (octopod) mollusk of the order Octopoda. The true octopuses are members of the genus Octopus, a large group of widely distributed shallow-water cephalopods. (See cephalopod.) Octopuses vary greatly in size: the smallest (O. arborescens) is about 5 cm

octopus, in general, any eight-armed cephalopod (octopod) mollusk of the order Octopoda. The true octopuses are members of the genus Octopus, a large group of widely distributed shallow-water cephalopods. (See cephalopod.) Octopuses vary greatly in size: the smallest (O. arborescens) is about 5 cm

cephalopod: Reproduction and life cycles: The hectocotylized arm of Octopus bears a deep groove on one side, ending in a spoonlike terminal organ. In Argonauta and Tremoctopus the arm is highly modified and in mating is autotomized (self-amputated) and left within the mantle cavity of the female. In the squids a much larger section…

octopus, in general, any eight-armed cephalopod (octopod) mollusk of the order Octopoda. The true octopuses are members of the genus Octopus, a large group of widely distributed shallow-water cephalopods. (See cephalopod.) Octopuses vary greatly in size: the smallest (O. arborescens) is about 5 cm

octopus: Description: …in size: the smallest (O. arborescens) is about 5 cm (2 inches) long, while the largest species, the reddish pink giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini), may grow to 5.4 metres (18 feet) in length and have an arm span of almost 9 metres (30 feet). The typical octopus has…

coloration: Adenochrome: …glandular, branchial heart tissues of Octopus bimaculatus. The compound contains small amounts of ferric iron and some nitrogen and gives a positive reaction for pyrroles. It is believed to be an excretory product.

cephalopod: Reproduction and life cycles: , Octopus briareus) the young resemble the adult and immediately assume a bottom-dwelling mode of life.

7 Animals that Lay the Most Unusual Eggs: Curtain strands of octopuses: Giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) live for only three to five years. As they near the end of their lives, they mate, after which the female produces a large number of rice grain–sized eggs—sometimes up to 100,000. She attaches these eggs in long, curtainlike strands…

cephalopod: Reproduction and life cycles: Studies have shown that in Octopus joubini raised from the egg in aquariums, sexual maturity and spawning were reached in five months; in a loliginid squid (Sepioteuthis sepioidea), likewise raised from the egg, sexual maturity and full growth were also attained in five months. It thus appears that the smaller…

octopus: Examples of species and behaviours: The best-known octopus is the common octopus, O. vulgaris, a medium-sized animal that is widely distributed in tropical and temperate seas throughout the world. It lives in holes or crevices along the rocky bottom and is secretive and retiring by nature. It feeds mainly on crabs and other crustaceans. This…

Ringo Starr: Joining the Beatles: …Starr began songwriting, contributing “Octopus’s Garden” to Abbey Road (1969).

Alvin Langdon Coburn: These photographs, especially The Octopus, New York, display a novel use of perspective and an emphasis upon abstract pattern. In 1917 he began taking the first completely nonobjective photographs. He called them vortographs to associate them with the Vorticists, a group of English writers and painters who had been…

The Octopus, novel by Frank Norris, published in 1901 and subtitled A Story of California. It was the first volume of The Epic of the Wheat, his unfinished trilogy about the production, distribution, and consumption of American wheat. The Octopus examines the struggle of California wheat farmers in

octopus, in general, any eight-armed cephalopod (octopod) mollusk of the order Octopoda. The true octopuses are members of the genus Octopus, a large group of widely distributed shallow-water cephalopods. (See cephalopod.) Octopuses vary greatly in size: the smallest (O. arborescens) is about 5 cm

John Barry: Gun (1974), Moonraker (1979), Octopussy (1983), A View to a Kill (1985), and The Living Daylights (1987)—and another, Dr. No (1962), for which Barry’s score triggered a lawsuit by the credited composer, Monty Norman.

Archibald Motley: Career: …same year for his painting The Octoroon Girl (1925), he received the Harmon Foundation gold medal in fine arts, which included a $400 award. (The Harmon Foundation was established in 1922 by white real-estate developer William E. Harmon and was one of the first to recognize African American achievements, particularly…

number sign, versatile symbol (#) most commonly used to preface numbers (e.g., apartment #1) but which encompasses a variety of other uses, especially to tag (or hashtag) posts and messages on social media platforms. The origin of the number sign is usually attributed to the Latin term libra pondo,

number sign, versatile symbol (#) most commonly used to preface numbers (e.g., apartment #1) but which encompasses a variety of other uses, especially to tag (or hashtag) posts and messages on social media platforms. The origin of the number sign is usually attributed to the Latin term libra pondo,

Prader-Willi syndrome: Treatment with octreotide, a somatostatic agent, can induce weight loss in children with obesity. Other therapies can stimulate testosterone production and virilization in patients with hypogonadism. Physical therapy and exercise help improve strength and coordination. Speech therapy is often beneficial for patients with language problems. As the…

octroi, tax levied by a local political unit, normally the commune or municipal authority, on certain categories of goods as they enter the area. The tax was first instituted in Italy in Roman times, when it bore the title of vectigal, or portorium. Octrois were still in existence in France, Italy,

multiple birth: Other multiple births: The first confirmed birth of octuplets was reported from Mexico City in March 1967; none of the four boys and four girls born prematurely survived more than 14 hours. The first recorded set of nonuplets was born June 13, 1971, when an Australian woman gave birth to five boys and…

Octobrist, member of a conservative-liberal Russian political party whose program of moderate constitutionalism called for the fulfillment of the emperor Nicholas II’s October Manifesto. Founded in November 1905, the party was led by the industrialist Aleksandr Ivanovich Guchkov and drew support

microscope: The compound microscope: …of the second lens, the eyepiece or ocular. The eyepiece forms an enlarged virtual image that can be viewed by the observer. The magnifying power of the compound microscope is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and that of the eyepiece.

focusing, ability of the lens to alter its shape to allow objects to be seen clearly. In humans, the forward surface of the lens is made more convex for seeing objects up close. At the same time, the pupil becomes smaller, and the two eyes turn inward (i.e., cross or converge) to the point that

albinism: …(designated OCA1 through OCA4), and ocular albinism, which affects only the eyes and occurs most commonly in a form known as Nettleship-Falls syndrome (or OA1). Individuals with oculocutaneous albinism have milk-white skin and hair, though the skin may be slightly pinkish in colour owing to underlying blood vessels. Affected persons…

cystinosis: By comparison, nonnephropathic cystinosis is much less severe, being characterized mainly by the accumulation of cystine crystals in the cornea, which can result in photophobia (abnormal visual sensitivity to bright light). Intermediate cystinosis is similar to the nephropathic form but has a later onset, typically in adolescence,…

human eye: Ocular dominance: Retinal rivalry may be viewed as the competition of the retinal fields for attention; such a notion leads to the concept of ocular dominance—the condition when one retinal image habitually compels attention at the expense of the other. While there seems little doubt…

muscle disease: The muscular dystrophies: Ocular muscular dystrophy, or myopathy, predominantly affects muscles moving the eyes. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy affects not only the eye muscles but also those of the throat; it is usually autosomal dominant in inheritance, with onset in the later years of life. Distal myopathy particularly affects…

muscle disease: The muscular dystrophies: Ocular muscular dystrophy, or myopathy, predominantly affects muscles moving the eyes. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy affects not only the eye muscles but also those of the throat; it is usually autosomal dominant in inheritance, with onset in the later years of life. Distal myopathy particularly affects…

Okello Oculi is a Ugandan novelist, poet, and chronicler of African rural village life. His writing is filled with authentic snatches of conversation, proverbs, and folk wisdom that confirm African values and denounce European imitations. Oculi was educated locally at Soroti College and at St.

ophthalmology, medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the eye. The first ophthalmologists were oculists. These paramedical specialists practiced on an itinerant basis during the Middle Ages. Georg Bartisch, a German physician who wrote on eye

albinism: …albinism are recognized in humans: oculocutaneous albinism, which affects the skin, hair, and eyes and is subdivided into four main types (designated OCA1 through OCA4), and ocular albinism, which affects only the eyes and occurs most commonly in a form known as Nettleship-Falls syndrome (or OA1). Individuals with oculocutaneous albinism…

human nervous system: Oculomotor nerve (CN III or 3): The oculomotor nerve arises from two nuclei in the rostral midbrain. These are (1) the oculomotor nucleus, the source of general somatic efferent fibers to superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles, to the inferior oblique muscle, and to the…

human nervous system: Oculomotor nerve (CN III or 3): These are (1) the oculomotor nucleus, the source of general somatic efferent fibers to superior, medial, and inferior recti muscles, to the inferior oblique muscle, and to the levator palpebrae superious muscle, and (2) the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, which projects general visceral efferent preganglionic fibers to the ciliary ganglion.

muscle disease: The muscular dystrophies: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy affects not only the eye muscles but also those of the throat; it is usually autosomal dominant in inheritance, with onset in the later years of life. Distal myopathy particularly affects the muscles of the feet and hands.

muscle disease: The muscular dystrophies: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy affects not only the eye muscles but also those of the throat; it is usually autosomal dominant in inheritance, with onset in the later years of life. Distal myopathy particularly affects the muscles of the feet and hands.

oculus, (Latin: “eye”), in architecture, any of several structural elements resembling an eye. A small window that is circular or oval in shape, such as an oeil-de-boeuf window (q.v.), is an oculus. The round opening at the top of some domes, or cupolas, is also an oculus; one example of this kind

crowdfunding: Examples of successful crowdfunding: …high-profile example of crowdfunding is Oculus VR, now part of Meta (the parent company of Facebook). It produces virtual reality headsets and other hardware and software. The firm’s founder, Palmer Luckey, used Kickstarter to raise $2.4 million (U.S.) in 2012, vastly exceeding its crowdfunding goal of $250,000. Facebook purchased the…

ghost crab, (genus Ocypode), any of approximately 20 species of shore crabs (order Decapoda of the class Crustacea). O. quadratus, the beach crabs noted for their running speed, occur on dry sand above the high-tide mark on the western Atlantic coast from New Jersey to Brazil. The crab, sandy or

ghost crab: O. ceratophthalmus, found on beaches of the Indian and Pacific oceans, uses its claws to catch flies from the undersides of leaves. The male of O. saratan, of the Red Sea, builds a sand mound about 16 cm (6 inches) high and tamps a path…

ghost crab: The male of O. saratan, of the Red Sea, builds a sand mound about 16 cm (6 inches) high and tamps a path from the mound to his burrow, some 40 cm (16 inches) away. The female, attracted to the mound, follows the path to the male’s burrow.

snapper: …or greenish Atlantic fish; the yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus), a swift-moving Atlantic species with a broad, yellow stripe from the nose to the wholly yellow tail; and the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), a bright-red fish (one of several red-coloured snappers) famed as food and found in rather deep Atlantic waters.

Adam Ważyk: …poetry, Semafory (1924; “Semaphores”) and Oczy i usta (1926; “Eyes and Lips”), were written between the ages of 17 and 20 and reflect the instability of life in Poland after World War I and the pervasive sense of loss left in its wake. Ważyk was closely associated with Polish avant-garde…

Ordnance Survey International: …incorporated into the newly constituted Overseas Development Administration. The agency was subsumed by Ordnance Survey in 1984 and was renamed the Overseas Surveys Directorate. It became Ordnance Survey International in 1991 following the completion of its scheduled surveys. The agency then consulted for other countries before disbanding in 2001. Its…

Sesshū was an artist of the Muromachi period, one of the greatest masters of the Japanese art of sumi-e, or monochrome ink painting. Sesshū adapted Chinese models to Japanese artistic ideals and aesthetic sensibilities. He painted landscapes, Zen Buddhist pictures, and screens decorated with

Buenaventura Carles Aribau: …economist and author whose poem Oda a la patria (1832; “Ode to the Fatherland”) marked the renaissance of Catalan literature in the 19th century in Spain.

Japan: The establishment of the system: …and defeated by the powerful Oda family from the west, Ieyasu’s father, Hirotada, was killed. Ieyasu had earlier been sent to the Imagawa family as a hostage to cement an alliance but had been captured en route by the Oda family. After his father’s death Ieyasu was sent to the…

Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese warrior and government official who overthrew the Ashikaga (or Muromachi) shogunate (1338–1573) and ended a long period of feudal wars by unifying half of the provinces in Japan under his rule. Nobunaga, as virtual dictator, restored stable government and established the

Gabre-Medhin Tsegaye: Oda Oak Oracle (1965) is Tsegaye’s best-known verse play written in English. Like his other English plays, it is based on Ethiopian history and focuses on religious conflict. Collision of Altars (1977) is an experimental play that includes mime, incantation, dance, and the use of…

Askja: …Dyngjufjöll; surrounding it is the Ódádhahraun, an extensive lava field covering 1,422 square miles (3,681 square km). The volcano erupted in 1875 and again in 1961.

Septimius Odaenathus was a prince of the Roman colony of Palmyra (q.v.), in what is now Syria, who prevented the Sāsānian Persians from permanently conquering the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. A Roman citizen and a member of Palmyra’s ruling family, Odaenathus had by 258 attained consular

Septimius Odaenathus was a prince of the Roman colony of Palmyra (q.v.), in what is now Syria, who prevented the Sāsānian Persians from permanently conquering the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. A Roman citizen and a member of Palmyra’s ruling family, Odaenathus had by 258 attained consular

Hitachi, Ltd.: …in 1910 with its founder, Odaira Namihei, operating an electrical repair shop at a copper mine northeast of Tokyo. While repairing machinery for the mine, Odaira began to experiment with his own designs, and that same year he manufactured the first domestically produced 5-horsepower (3.7-kilowatt) electric motor. Odaira established his…

Odantapuri, in ancient times a celebrated Buddhist centre of learning (vihara) in India, identified with modern Bihar Sharif in Bihar state. It was founded in the 7th century ce by Gopala, the first ruler of the Pala dynasty, no doubt in emulation of its neighbour Nalanda, another distinguished

Pablo Neruda: Later years of Pablo Neruda: …major works, Odas elementales (Elemental Odes), was published in 1954. Its verse was written in a new poetic style—simple, direct, precise, and humorous—and it contained descriptions of everyday objects, situations, and beings (e.g., “Ode to the Onion” and “Ode to the Cat”). Many of the poems in Odas elementales…

Leopoldo Marechal: … (1926; “Days Like Arrows”) and Odas para el hombre y la mujer (1929; “Odes for Man and Woman”), his metaphors and images become more daring in expressing the Ultraista aesthetic. With Cinco poemas australes (1937; “Five Southern Poems”), Sonetos a Sophia (1940; “Sonnets to Sophia”), and El centauro (1940; “The…

Ōdate, city, northern Akita ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan, on the Yoneshiro River. As a castle town during the Edo (Tokugawa) era (1603–1867), it served as a market for the surrounding agricultural region. The city is now a lumbering centre and is known for the production of wood

Odawara, city, southwestern Kanagawa ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. It is located on the coast of Sagami Bay, between the Sakawa and Haya rivers, about 28 miles (45 km) southwest of Yokohama. The city was a local political centre during the Kamakura era (1192–1333), and in the early

Montreal Protocol: …international cooperation in research involving ozone-depleting chemicals (ODCs) and empowered the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to lay the groundwork for the Montreal Protocol.

Václav Havel: …more than 20 years—Odcházení (Leaving), a tragicomedy that draws on his experiences as president and presents a chancellor leaving his post while grappling with a political enemy—premiered in 2008. Havel subsequently directed its film adaptation (2011).

The Odd Couple, American comedy film, released in 1968, that was an adaptation of Neil Simon’s hit Broadway play, which popularized the comedic conceit of badly matched housemates. After neurotic neat freak Felix Ungar (played by Jack Lemmon) is kicked out of his house by his frustrated wife, he

Jack Klugman: …adaptation of Neil Simon’s play The Odd Couple; he had earlier replaced Walter Matthau in the role in the Broadway production. Klugman starred opposite Tony Randall as Felix Unger and earned two Emmys (1971 and 1973) for his portrayal. The show ended in 1975, and the following year Klugman made…

Matthew Broderick: The Producers and roles from the late 1990s and early 2000s: …a Broadway revival of Simon’s The Odd Couple.

hip-hop: Hip-hop goes online: …the Los Angeles hip-hop collective Odd Future (in full Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All). The group was founded in 2007 by Tyler, The Creator when he was just 16 years old, and he soon gathered an assortment of young MCs, skateboarders, visual artists, and producers under his umbrella.…

hip-hop: Hip-hop goes online: …the Los Angeles hip-hop collective Odd Future (in full Odd Future Wolf Gang Kill Them All). The group was founded in 2007 by Tyler, The Creator when he was just 16 years old, and he soon gathered an assortment of young MCs, skateboarders, visual artists, and producers under his umbrella.…

Elizabeth Jane Howard: Howard’s other novels include Odd Girl Out (1972), Getting It Right (1982; film 1989), Falling (1999; film 2005), and Love All (2008). Among her works of short fiction are We Are for the Dark (1951), a collection of ghost stories, and Mr. Wrong (1975), a volume of collected short…

American literature: Literary and social criticism: …Hugging the Shore (1983) and Odd Jobs (1991). Gore Vidal brought together his briskly readable essays of four decades—critical, personal, and political—in United States (1993). Susan Sontag’s essays on difficult European writers, avant-garde film, politics, photography, and the language of illness embodied the probing intellectual spirit of the 1960s. In…

powerlifting, an offshoot of Olympic weightlifting and weight training that emphasizes sheer strength more than technique, flexibility, and speed. Powerlifting (formerly called odd lifts or strength sets) was developed primarily in the United States and England by weightlifters who felt that

Carol Reed: …in successive years, beginning with Odd Man Out (1947), a fatalistic tragedy starring James Mason as a fugitive IRA agent. Masterful cinematography by Robert Krasker infused the film with long shadows and a look of gloom, a visual style common to Reed’s films of this period. Reed began his collaboration…

perfect number: …obtained from it to be even, and in the 18th century the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler showed that any even perfect number must be obtainable from Euclid’s formula. It is not known whether there are any odd perfect numbers.

George Gissing: …women he is particularly acute: The Odd Women (1893) is a powerful study of female frustration. He did not lack human sympathies, but his obvious contempt for so many of his characters reflects an artistic limitation. Gissing was deeply critical, in an almost wholly negative way, of contemporary society. Of…

isotope: Elemental and isotopic abundances: …with odd ones (the so-called odd-even effect). Out of the almost 300 stable nuclides known, only five have odd numbers of both protons and neutrons; more than half have even values of Z and N. Fourth, among the isotopes with even Z and N certain species stand out by virtue…

Big, stodgy Wall Street institutions and big round numbers are so passé. Today’s markets are increasingly populated by odd ducks. Or, more precisely, odd lots, meaning orders of fewer than 100 shares—more accessible to smaller, individual investors. The term “odd lot” goes back decades, but has

gallbladder: …the common duct, called the sphincter of Oddi, regulates the flow of bile into the duodenum. The upper right branch is the hepatic duct, which leads to the liver, where bile is produced. The upper left branch, the cystic duct, passes to the gallbladder, where bile is stored.

learning theory: Principle learning: …the principle of this so-called oddity problem.

saga: Kings’ sagas: …About 1190 a Benedictine monk, Oddr Snorrason, wrote a Latin life of Ólaf Tryggvason, of which an Icelandic version still survives. A brother in the same monastery, Gunnlaugur Leifsson, expanded this biography, and his work was incorporated into later versions of Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar. Closely related to the lives of…

gambling: Prevalence of principal forms: …a bookmaker and sets the odds (payout ratios) according to actuarial data. These two forms of gambling are considered beneficial to society, the former acquiring venture capital and the latter spreading statistical risks.

number game: Nim and similar games: The game of pebbles, also known as the game of odds, is played by two people who start with an odd number of pebbles placed in a pile. Taking turns, each player draws one, or two, or three pebbles from the pile. When all the pebbles have been…

Motown: Social and musical changes in the United States: …to produce a Hollywood film, Odds Against Tomorrow, through his own company. The social change promised by the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka school desegregation decision and the new civil rights activism made this a heady time indeed to be an enterprising African American—anything seemed possible. Moreover,…

ProCon Debate: Should Fighting Be Allowed in Hockey? ProCon Issue in the News: As Encyclopædia Britannica explains, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, familiarly known as CTE, is a “degenerative brain disease typically associated with repetitive trauma to the head.” The disease was originally known

ordinary differential equation (ODE), in mathematics, an equation relating a function f of one variable to its derivatives. (The adjective ordinary here refers to those differential equations involving one variable, as distinguished from such equations involving partial derivatives of several

ode, ceremonious poem on an occasion of public or private dignity in which personal emotion and general meditation are united. The Greek word ōdē, which has been accepted in most modern European languages, meant a choric song, usually accompanied by a dance. Alcman (7th century bc) originated the

Henry Purcell: Songs and independent instrumental compositions: …Charles II—a series of ceremonial odes that began to appear in 1680. Possibly he lacked experience in writing for voices, at any rate on the scale required for works of this kind; or else he had not yet achieved the art of cloaking insipid words in significant music. By 1683…

Ewald Christian von Kleist: …in the Seven Years’ War, Ode an die Preussische Armee (1757) and the short epic Cessides und Paches (1759), considered to be the most polished of all his poems. Der Frühling (1749), influenced by the Scottish poet James Thomson’s The Seasons, is typical of his heartfelt nature poetry in which…

Magnificat, in Christianity, the hymn of praise by Mary, the mother of Jesus, found in the Gospel According to Luke. The Magnificat has been incorporated into the liturgical services of the Western churches (at vespers) and of the Eastern Orthodox churches (at the morning services). In Scripture,