Ilya Of Murom: …was the basis of the Symphony No. 3 (1909–11; Ilya Muromets) by Reinhold Glière.

Ilya Of Murom, a hero of the oldest known Old Russian byliny, traditional heroic folk chants. He is presented as the principal bogatyr (knight-errant) at the 10th-century court of Saint Vladimir I of Kiev, although with characteristic epic vagueness he often participates in historical events of the

history of flight: Postwar airlines: …were eventually succeeded by the Ilyushin Il-12, a trim unpressurized twin-engine transport that also featured retractable tricycle landing gear. A larger model, the Il-14, went into operation during the 1950s. Considered slow and technologically unsophisticated by modern standards, these planes played an ideological role in the Cold War by parrying…

history of flight: Postwar airlines: A larger model, the Il-14, went into operation during the 1950s. Considered slow and technologically unsophisticated by modern standards, these planes played an ideological role in the Cold War by parrying Western imports. Production took place in communist-bloc countries; the Il-12 and Il-14 series numbered into the thousands, serving…

Ilyushin Il-2, single-seat assault bomber that was a mainstay of the Soviet air force during World War II. The Il-2 is generally considered the finest ground-attack aircraft produced by any nation during World War II. It was designed by Sergey Ilyushin beginning in 1938 and went into production in

Ilyushin Il-76, -76, Soviet military transport aircraft, first flown in 1971 and first produced in 1975. It was designed by the Ilyushin design bureau under G.V. Novozhilov. The Il-76 was a heavy transport plane, capable of handling a payload of more than 88,000 pounds (40,000 kilograms). It was

Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin was a Soviet aircraft designer who created the famous Il-2 Stormovik armoured attack aircraft used by the Soviet air force during World War II. After the war he designed civil aircraft: the Il-12 twin-engined passenger aircraft (1946), the Il-18 Moskva four-engined

instant messaging (IM), form of text-based communication in which two people participate in a conversation over their computers or smartphones via an Internet-based chat room or application. Instant messaging (IM) platforms, generally referred to as messaging services or apps, often monitor for

computer science: Information management: Information management (IM) is primarily concerned with the capture, digitization, representation, organization, transformation, and presentation of information. Because a computer’s main memory provides only temporary storage, computers are equipped with auxiliary disk storage devices that permanently store data. These devices are characterized by…

nervous system: Potassium channels: The IM channel is opened by depolarization but is deactivated only by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This property may serve to regulate the sensitivity of neurons to synaptic input.

Carl Peters: …Im Goldland des Altertums (1902; The Eldorado of the Ancients). He also published Die deutsche Emin-Pascha Expedition (1891; New Light on Dark Africa), among other works.

Wilhelm Gustloff: …the novella Im Krebsgang (2002; Crabwalk) by Günter Grass.

Im Kwon-Taek is a South Korean film director, dubbed “the father of Korean cinema” because of his long prolific career and his emphasis on Korean subjects and themes. Im dropped out of middle school after his father’s death. He eventually found work as a production assistant for a film company in

Wim Wenders: title Kings of the Road), a “buddy” picture pairing a depressed man with a movie-projector repairman who can barely communicate as they travel across Germany together. Der amerikanische Freund (1977; The American Friend), based on Patricia Highsmith’s Ripley’s Game, explores the concept of dislocation, or separation.…

Theodor Woldsen Storm: …submersus (1875), and the novella Im Schloss (1861).

All Quiet on the Western Front, novel by German writer Erich Maria Remarque, published in 1929 as Im Westen nichts Neues and in the United States as All Quiet on the Western Front. An antiwar novel set during World War I, it relies on Remarque’s personal experience in the war to depict the era’s

Jean Nouvel: …audience in 1987 when the Institute of the Arab World (Institut du Monde Arabe [IMA]) was completed. The main, south facade of that building, with its high-tech aperture-like panels, manages to be at once cutting-edge in its creative response to changing levels of light and evocative of traditional Arab moucharaby…

Imabari, city, northern Ehime ken (prefecture), northwestern Shikoku, Japan. It occupies the tip of the Takanawa Peninsula, facing the Kurushima Strait on the Inland Sea. Imabari, founded as a castle town, was the first port in Shikoku to be opened to foreign trade. In 1922 a rail line between

Apple Inc.: 1997–2010: Renaissance and reinvention: …product lines, and launching the iMac, the first of many affordable and innovative products to come from the now-revitalized company.

Zangī was an Iraqi ruler who founded the Zangid dynasty and led the first important counterattacks against the Crusader kingdoms in the Middle East. When Zangī’s father, the governor of Aleppo, was killed in 1094, Zangī fled to Mosul. He served the Seljuq dynasty, and in 1126 the Seljuq sultan,

ʿImād al-Dawlah was one of the founders of the Buyid dynasty of Iran. ʿAlī and his brothers Aḥmad and Ḥasan were followers of Mardāvīz ebn Zeyār of northern Iran. In 934, ʿAlī revolted against local Zeyārid rulers and conquered Fārs province in southern Iran. He made Shīrāz his capital and ruled

Ibn Kathīr was a Muslim theologian and historian who became one of the leading intellectual figures of 14th-century Syria. Ibn Kathīr was educated in Damascus and upon completion of his studies obtained his first official appointment in 1341, when he joined an inquisitorial commission formed to

Alamgir II: …throne by the imperial vizier Imad al-Mulk Ghazi al-Din, who had deposed his predecessor. Provoked by the vizier’s attempt to reassert control over the Punjab, the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Durrani had his agents occupy Delhi in January 1757, which was at the time “absolutely without a single defender or…

Japan: The establishment of the system: …earlier been sent to the Imagawa family as a hostage to cement an alliance but had been captured en route by the Oda family. After his father’s death Ieyasu was sent to the Imagawa family and spent 12 years there under detention. When, in 1560, Oda Nobunaga destroyed the Imagawa…

human behaviour: Cognitive development: …early cognitive unit is the image; this is a mental picture, or the reconstruction of a schema, that preserves the spatial and temporal detail of the event.

optical image, the apparent reproduction of an object, formed by a lens or mirror system from reflected, refracted, or diffracted light waves. There are two kinds of images, real and virtual. In a real image the light rays actually are brought to a focus at the image position, and the real image

Howard Nemerov: Nemerov’s first book of verse, The Image and the Law (1947), was followed by many others, including The Salt Garden (1955), Mirrors and Windows (1958), New and Selected Poems (1960), The Next Room of the Dream: Poems and Two Plays (1962), Blue Swallows (1967), Gnomes and Occasions (1973), The Western

Jean-Luc Godard: Later work and awards of Jean-Luc Godard: Le Livre d’image (2018; The Image Book) is a cinematic essay, featuring a montage of film clips, photographs, and wartime footage, with Godard providing commentary.

Todd McFarlane: …other dissatisfied Marvel artists established Image Comics, an independent publishing company in which each artist kept control over the characters he or she created. In a break with comic book publishing tradition, artists made their own licensing decisions and reaped the profits individually.

information processing: Recording techniques: …by a device called an image controller and is stored on a magnetic or optical medium. A large storage capacity is required, because it takes about 45,000 bytes to store a typical compressed text page of 2,500 characters and as much as 1,000,000 bytes to store a page containing an…

Gautier de Metz: …a treatise about the universe, L’Image du monde (c. 1246; “The Mirror of the World”; also called Mappemonde), based on the medieval Latin text Imago mundi by Honorius Inclusus.

warning system: The visible region: Newer in character are the image intensifiers used for nighttime detection. These devices receive the moonlight or starlight reflected from targets on a sensitive screen, amplify the image electronically, and present it at much higher light level on a small cathode-ray tube similar to that used in a television receiver.…

Roy Fuller: Fuller wrote several novels, including Image of a Society (1956), which portrays the personal and professional conflicts within a building society (savings and loan association); The Ruined Boys (1959); and My Child, My Sister (1965). He also wrote crime thrillers and juvenile fiction, and his memoirs were published in four…

Pierre d’Ailly: D’Ailly’s treatise Image of the World, which supported the idea that the East Indies could be reached by sailing west, was studied and annotated by Christopher Columbus before he made his epochal voyages.

television: Electron tubes: …such as the Orthicon, the Image Orthicon, and the Vidicon. The operation of the camera tube is based on the photoconductive properties of certain materials and on electron beam scanning. These principles can be illustrated by a description of the Vidicon, one of the most enduring and versatile camera tubes.…

image processing, set of computational techniques for analyzing, enhancing, compressing, and reconstructing images. Its main components are importing, in which an image is captured through scanning or digital photography; analysis and manipulation of the image, accomplished using various

scanner, computer input device that uses a light beam to scan codes, text, or graphic images directly into a computer or computer system. Bar-code scanners are used widely at point-of-sale terminals in retail stores. A handheld scanner or bar-code pen is moved across the code, or the code itself is

I.S. Bowen: In 1938 Bowen invented the image slicer, a device that improves the efficiency of the slit spectrograph, which is used to break up light into its component colours for study. Bowen retired as observatory director in 1964, becoming a distinguished-service staff member.

Augusto Boal: In Image Theatre, performers form tableaux representing an oppressive situation, and spectators are invited to interpret and suggest changes to the tableaux. Invisible Theatre involves actors performing a written and rehearsed problematic situation in a public place in order to provoke responses from passersby, who are…

Daniel J. Boorstin: Boorstin’s other notable works include The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America (1961), in which he argued that many events are staged for publicity purposes and have little real value; the book was inspired by the televised U.S. presidential debates between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960.…

comic strip: The 19th century: Imagerie d’Épinal, based in Épinal and other French towns, developed a distinct form of comic strip. Throughout the 19th century the common people and particularly children in rural areas of France, the Netherlands, and Germany had subsisted on Imagerie d’Épinal, single cheap broadsheets hawked about…

military intelligence: Imagery: This is information gleaned from analyzing all types of imagery, including photography as well as infrared and ultraviolet imagery. The examination of imagery, called imagery interpretation, is the process of locating, recognizing, identifying, and describing objects, activities, and terrain that appear on imagery.

intelligence: Sources of intelligence: …fall into three major categories: imagery intelligence, which includes aerial and space reconnaissance; signals intelligence, which includes electronic eavesdropping and code breaking; and human intelligence, which involves the secret agent working at the classic spy trade. Broadly speaking, the relative value of these sources is reflected in the order in…

military intelligence: Imagery: The examination of imagery, called imagery interpretation, is the process of locating, recognizing, identifying, and describing objects, activities, and terrain that appear on imagery.

Robert Altman: M*A*S*H and the 1970s: Altman next made the ambitious Images (1972), which starred Susannah York as a disturbed woman who has trouble separating fantasy from reality. Although it was carefully constructed and beautifully shot, and it was also likened to the work of Ingmar Bergman by some critics and to that of Joseph Losey…

Henri Cartier-Bresson: …and perhaps the best known, Images à la sauvette, contains what is probably Cartier-Bresson’s most comprehensive and important statement on the meaning, technique, and utility of photography. The title refers to a central idea in his work—the decisive moment—the elusive instant when, with brilliant clarity, the appearance of the subject…

Michel de Ghelderode: …scored an early success with Images de la vie de Saint François d’Assise (produced 1927; “Scenes from the Life of St. Francis of Assisi”), in which the life and death of the saint are told with little concern for the reverential attitudes traditionally found in religious plays. Humour, naive realism,…

Harun Farocki: For his critically acclaimed Bilder der Welt und Inschrift des Krieges (1988; Images of the World and the Inscription of War), he showed blurry aerial images of the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp that had been taken in 1944 by the Allies. The film then reveals that the photographs…

history of the Low Countries: The Habsburgs: …a violent campaign against churches—the “breaking of the images” (August 1566)—against which the governor took powerful measures, but only in the first few months of 1567 was peace restored. King Philip II, however, whose information concerning these events was somewhat out of date because of slow communications and who was…

principles of physical science: Images: A second example illustrating the value of field theories arises when the distribution of charges is not initially known, as when a charge q is brought close to a piece of metal or other electrical conductor and experiences a force. When an electric field…

aesthetics: The role of imagination: The Psychology of Imagination) when he describes imagining as “the positing of an object as a nothingness”—as not being. In memory and perception we take our experience “for real.” In imagination we contribute a content that has no reality beyond our disposition to “see” it,…

Terry Gilliam: …challenge during the shooting of The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus (2009) when Ledger, one of the film’s lead actors, died of an accidental drug overdose halfway through production. Gilliam recruited Depp, Jude Law, and Colin Farrell to appear as alternate versions of the character first portrayed by Ledger, to whom…

nonfictional prose: Dialogues: …Walter Savage Landor, in his Imaginary Conversations (1824) and Pentameron (1837).

Elisabeth Moss: Early roles: Girl, Interrupted and The West Wing: …in her first major movie, Imaginary Crimes, playing the younger daughter of a con man (Harvey Keitel). Moss continued to appear on television. She played Baby Louise in the TV movie Gypsy (1993), a biography of burlesque dancer Gypsy Rose Lee, and had a recurring role (1992–95) on Picket Fences.…

Alison Lurie: … (1962), The Nowhere City (1965), Imaginary Friends (1967; television miniseries 1987), Real People (1969), Only Children (1979), and The Truth About Lorin Jones (1988). A collection of ghost stories, Women and Ghosts, was published in 1994. The Last Resort (1998) follows a naturalist writer

John Irving: The Hotel New Hampshire, A Prayer for Owen Meany, and The Cider House Rules: …stories and essays—and his autobiography, The Imaginary Girlfriend, were both published in 1996. My Movie Business (1999) details Irving’s experiences in adapting his novels to the screen.

The Imaginary Invalid, comedy in three acts by Molière, produced in 1673 and published in 1674 as Le Malade imaginaire. It was also translated as The Hypochondriac. Molière wrote the play while ill, and he collapsed during his own performance of the title role, that of Argan, a hypochondriac who

John Berryman: Early poems: …of 1946, and his story “The Imaginary Jew” (1945) is often anthologized. His biography of 19th-century American novelist and poet Stephen Crane was published in 1950.

Australian literature: Literature from 1970 to 2000: With An Imaginary Life (1978), David Malouf, already a promising poet, emerged as a major novelist. Nominally a story about Ovid in exile, the novel is really about the transforming power of the imagination. Malouf’s writing is spare, delicate, meticulous. Like many writers of the time,…

imaginary number, any product of the form ai, in which a is a real number and i is the imaginary unit defined as −1. See numerals and numeral

aesthetics: The role of imagination: Such paradoxes suggest the need for a more extensive theory of the mind than has been so far assumed. We have referred somewhat loosely to the sensory and intellectual components of human experience but have said little about the possible relations and dependencies that…

Brian Wilson: Solo career: Imagination (1998) includes songs cowritten with Carole Bayer Sager, Jimmy Buffett, and J.D. Souther.

mask: Funerary and commemorative uses: …patrician families these masks, or imagines, were sometimes preserved as ancestor portraits and were displayed on ceremonial occasions. Such masks were usually modeled over the features of the dead and cast in wax. This technique was revived in the making of effigy masks for the royalty and nobility of Europe…

John Lennon: The Beatles breakup, solo career, and marriage to Yoko Ono: …“Give Peace a Chance,” “Imagine” is living proof of the political orientation that dominated Lennon’s public life with Ono, which came to a head in 1972 with the failed agitprop album Some Time in New York City and the defeat of Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern by incumbent Pres.…

John Lennon: The Beatles breakup, solo career, and marriage to Yoko Ono: …conventional Lennon album that followed, Imagine (1971), is a major work keynoted by its beloved title track, a hymn of hope whose concept he attributed to Ono. Like the earlier “Give Peace a Chance,” “Imagine” is living proof of the political orientation that dominated Lennon’s public life with Ono, which…

Ron Howard: Television producing: …Brian Grazer) the production company Imagine Entertainment. In addition to films, Imagine produced numerous television shows, including 24, Friday Night Lights, Arrested Development, and Genius; the latter, an anthology series, focused on the lives of significant historical figures. In 2021 he cowrote—with his brother, Clint, an actor who appeared in…

Oumou Sangaré: … song “Imagine,” from the album The Imagine Project by Herbie Hancock. The single earned a Grammy Award for best pop collaboration with vocals. Sangaré later released the albums Mogoya (2017) and Acoustic (2020).

Eddie Murphy: His later films included Imagine That (2009), Tower Heist (2011), A Thousand Words (2012), and Mr. Church (2016). In the biopic Dolemite Is My Name (2019), he played comedian and actor Rudy Ray Moore, who was a blaxploitation star in the 1970s. After an absence of 35 years,

Published in 1983 by Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism is a book that explores the development and spread of nationalism, particularly focusing on the 18th and 19th centuries. It provides a theoretical framework for understanding

Freeman Dyson: …Infinite in All Directions (1988), Imagined Worlds (1998), and The Sun, the Genome, and the Internet (1999). Disturbing the Universe (1979) and the epistolary Maker of Patterns (2018) are autobiographies.

Philostratus the Lemnian: …the first series of the Imagines in two books, discussing, in elegant and sophisticated prose, 65 real or imaginary paintings on mythological themes in a portico at Naples. They are an important source for the knowledge of Hellenistic art and roused the enthusiasm of the German poet Johann Wolfgang von…

Stardust/NExT: …the Stardust probe included the Imaging and Navigation Camera, which was used to help fine-tune the approach to target bodies and then to produce high-resolution images during the flyby. However, two years into the mission, the filter wheel became stuck in the white-light position, thus precluding the collection of images…

radar: Postwar progress: SAR and ISAR imaging radars make use of Doppler frequency to generate high-resolution images of terrain and targets. The Doppler frequency shift also has been used in Doppler-navigation radar to measure the velocity of the aircraft carrying the radar system. The extraction of the Doppler shift in weather…

radiation: Imaging techniques: Advances in techniques for obtaining images of the body’s interior have greatly improved medical diagnosis. New imaging methods include various X-ray systems, positron emission tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

spectroscopy: Optical detectors: Other photodetectors include imaging tubes (e.g., television cameras), which can measure a spatial variation of the light across the surface of the photocathode, and microchannel plates, which combine the spatial resolution of an imaging tube with the light sensitivity of a photomultiplier. A night vision device consists of…

Imaginism, Russian poetic movement that followed the Russian Revolution of 1917 and advocated poetry based on a series of arresting and unusual images. It is sometimes called Imagism but is unrelated to the 20th-century Anglo-American movement of that name. The main poets of Imaginism were Vadim

Imagism, Modernist literary movement that centered on a group of American and English poets whose poetic manifesto was formulated about 1912 by Ezra Pound—in conjunction with fellow poets H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), Richard Aldington, and F.S. Flint. The program of this “school of images” was inspired

Imagism, Modernist literary movement that centered on a group of American and English poets whose poetic manifesto was formulated about 1912 by Ezra Pound—in conjunction with fellow poets H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), Richard Aldington, and F.S. Flint. The program of this “school of images” was inspired

English literature: Anglo-American Modernism: Pound, Lewis, Lawrence, and Eliot: …his own poetry, and in Des Imagistes (1914), an anthology. Prominent among the Imagists were the English poets T.E. Hulme, F.S. Flint, and Richard Aldington and the Americans Hilda Doolittle (H.D.) and Amy Lowell.

Carl Spitteler: His novel Imago (1906) so sharply reflected his inner conflict between a visionary creative gift and middle-class values that it influenced the development of psychoanalysis. He published a volume of stimulating essays, Lachende Wahrheiten (1898; Laughing Truths), and biographical works of charm, including Meine frühesten Erlebnisse (1914;…

reproduction: Life cycles of animals: …and an adult stage (imago). One remarkable aspect of this development is that, during the transition from caterpillar to adult, most of the caterpillar tissue disintegrates and is used as food, thereby providing energy for the next stage of development, which begins when certain small structures (imaginal disks) in…

Octavia E. Butler: … (1987), Adulthood Rites (1988), and Imago (1989)—and The Parable of the Sower (1993), The Parable of the Talents (1998), and Fledgling (2005). Butler’s short story Speech Sounds won a Hugo Award in 1984, and her story Bloodchild, about human male slaves who incubate their alien masters’ eggs, won both Hugo

encyclopaedia: Early development: …the 12th century was the Imago mundi of Honorius Inclusus. Honorius produced his “mirror of the world” for Christian, later abbot of St. Jacob, and drew on a far wider range of authorities than any of his predecessors. The arrangement of the first section on geography, astrology, and astronomy was…

Assia Djebar was an Algerian writer and filmmaker whose novels, written in French, most often focus on women and their place in Algerian society. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Djebar was educated in Algeria and then in France at the Sorbonne (B.A.,1956) and at Paul

Assia Djebar was an Algerian writer and filmmaker whose novels, written in French, most often focus on women and their place in Algerian society. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Djebar was educated in Algeria and then in France at the Sorbonne (B.A.,1956) and at Paul

imam, in a general sense, one who leads Muslim worshippers in prayer. In a global sense, imam is used to refer to the head of the Muslim community (ummah). The title is found in the Qurʾān several times to refer to leaders and to Abraham. The origin and basis of the office of imam was conceived

imam, in a general sense, one who leads Muslim worshippers in prayer. In a global sense, imam is used to refer to the head of the Muslim community (ummah). The title is found in the Qurʾān several times to refer to leaders and to Abraham. The origin and basis of the office of imam was conceived

Abū Ḥanīfah was a Muslim jurist and theologian whose systematization of Islamic legal doctrine was acknowledged as one of the four canonical schools of Islamic law (madhhabs). The Ḥanafī school of Abū Ḥanīfah acquired such prestige that its doctrines were applied by a majority of Muslim dynasties.

Amitav Ghosh: …at Large in Burma (1998), The Imam and the Indian (2002), Incendiary Circumstances: A Chronicle of the Turmoil of Our Times (2005), The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (2016), and The Nutmeg’s Curse: Parables for a Planet in Crisis (2021).

Imam Bondjol was a Minangkabau religious leader and a key member of the Padri faction in the religious Padri War, which divided the Minangkabau people of Sumatra in the 19th century. When in about 1803 three pilgrims inspired by the ideas of the puritan Wahhābī sect returned from Mecca and launched

Imam Bondjol was a Minangkabau religious leader and a key member of the Padri faction in the religious Padri War, which divided the Minangkabau people of Sumatra in the 19th century. When in about 1803 three pilgrims inspired by the ideas of the puritan Wahhābī sect returned from Mecca and launched

Sayyid Shaykh bin Ahmad al-Hadi: …noted Islāmic reform journal Al-Imam (1906–08), which, modeled on Al-Manar of Cairo, propounded the modernist ideas of Muḥammad ʿAbduh and his followers and played a prominent role in introducing reformist thought to the Muslim portions of Southeast Asia. From that time forward, Sayyid Shaykh, though not a profound religious…

Imam Bondjol was a Minangkabau religious leader and a key member of the Padri faction in the religious Padri War, which divided the Minangkabau people of Sumatra in the 19th century. When in about 1803 three pilgrims inspired by the ideas of the puritan Wahhābī sect returned from Mecca and launched

turban, a headdress consisting of a long scarf wound round the head or a smaller, underlying hat. Turbans vary in shape, colour, and size; some are made with up to 50 yards (45 metres) of fabric. In the Old World, the turban is of Eastern origin and is often worn by Muslim men, though after the

caliph: …the supreme office the “imamate,” or leadership, no caliph is legitimate unless he is a lineal descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. Later, Sunni scholars insisted that the office belonged to the tribe of Quraysh, to which Muhammad himself belonged, but this condition would have vitiated the claim of the…

Shiʿi: The growth of Imāmī Shiʿism: As the Zaydis and the ʿAbbāsids sought leadership from members of the Prophet’s family who would assert it, many of the Shiʿah were embracing an idea that leadership of the community could not be earned but must be inherited by divine designation. Some…

Twelver Shiʿah, the largest of the three Shiʿi groups extant today. The Twelvers believe that, at the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 ce, the spiritual-political leadership (the imamate) of the Muslim community was ordained to pass down to ʿAlī, the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, and then to

Twelver Shiʿah, the largest of the three Shiʿi groups extant today. The Twelvers believe that, at the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 ce, the spiritual-political leadership (the imamate) of the Muslim community was ordained to pass down to ʿAlī, the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, and then to

Ekrem İmamoğlu is a Turkish politician considered one of the best positioned candidates to challenge the rule of Pres. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. From 2019 until his arrest in 2025, İmamoğlu served as mayor of Istanbul, the economic engine of Turkey (Türkiye). He is a senior member of the Republican

History of film: Japan: …Tenshi [The Red Angel], 1965), Imamura Shohei (Jinruigako nyumon [The Pornographers], 1966), and Oshima Nagisa (Ai no corrida [In the Realm of the Senses], 1976). In the mid-1960s, however, competition from multiple-channel color television and from American distributors forced the Japanese film industry into economic decline. A decade later, two…