Gatchina, city, Leningrad oblast (province), northwestern Russia, lying about 28 miles (45 km) southwest of St. Petersburg. The first mention of Khotchino dates from 1499, when it was a possession of Novgorod. Later it belonged to Livonia and Sweden. After 1721 it was returned to Russia and in the

Western architecture: Types of public buildings: A monumental city gate, while sometimes serving a commemorative purpose, differs from an arch in being part of the defenses of the city. Of these gates the most famous are the Porta Nigra at Trier in Germany and the gate from Miletus in Turkey.

gate, in hydraulic engineering, movable barrier for controlling the passage of fluid through a channel or sluice. River and canal locks have a pair of gates at each end. When closed, the gates meet at an obtuse angle that points upstream in order to resist the water pressure. When opened, they

metallurgy: Sand-casting: …containing a passage (called a gate) through which the metal flows into the mold. The mold is designed so that solidification of the casting begins far from the gate and advances toward it, so that molten metal in the gate can flow in to compensate for the shrinkage that accompanies…

semiconductor device: Metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors: The third electrode, the gate, forms a rectifying metal-semiconductor contact with the channel. The shaded area underneath the gate electrode is the depletion region of the metal-semiconductor contact. An increase or decrease of the gate voltage with respect to the source causes the depletion region to expand or shrink;…

pain: Theories of pain: …in 1965 proposed the so-called gate control theory of pain. According to gate control theory, the perception of pain depends on a neural mechanism in the substantia gelatinosa layer of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The mechanism acts as a synaptic gate that modulates the pain sensation from…

electronics: Using thyristors: …if a suitable amount of gate current is applied, but otherwise it will not. The gate current is the equivalent of the base current for the n-p-n transistor; the resulting larger collector current is the base current for the p-n-p transistor. The p-n-p transistor has an unusually wide base region,…

Benedict de Spinoza: The period of the Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza: …have had access to the Gate of Heaven by Abraham Cohen de Herrera, the most philosophically sophisticated Kabbalist of the 17th century. A disciple of Isaac ben Solomon Luria and an early member of the Amsterdam congregation, Herrera knew a vast amount of ancient, Islamic, Jewish, and Christian philosophy, as…

Beijing: City layout: …on either side of the Tiananmen (Tian’anmen; “Gate of Heavenly Peace”), the southern, and main, entrance to the Imperial City that stands at the northern end of Tiananmen Square. Within the Imperial City, in turn, was the moated Forbidden City, with walls 2.25 miles (3.6 km) long. The Forbidden City…

Daiei Motion Picture Company: …directed by Mizoguchi Kenji; and Gate of Hell (1953–54), the first Japanese film to use colour, eased the company’s financial difficulties. Despite its transition to wide-screen productions in the 1950s, the Daiei company was forced to declare bankruptcy in December 1971.

Western architecture: England: Finally, the Gate of Honour (1573) is a separate tiny triumphal arch leading out toward the schools for the final disputation and degree. Caius probably designed these gates with the aid of the Flemish 16th-century architect Theodore de Have.

Western architecture: England: At the entrance was the Gate of Humility (1565), a modest doorway, now in the Master’s garden. The Gate of Virtue (after 1565), opening into the new quadrangle, is a fine Classical portal with Ionic pilasters, but with a Tudor Gothic many-centred arch for the opening. Finally, the Gate of…

John Amos Comenius: Educational reform: To this end he wrote Janua Linguarum Reserata, a textbook that described useful facts about the world in both Latin and Czech, side by side; thus, the pupils could compare the two languages and identify words with things. Translated into German, the Janua soon became famous throughout Europe and was…

Western architecture: England: The Gate of Virtue (after 1565), opening into the new quadrangle, is a fine Classical portal with Ionic pilasters, but with a Tudor Gothic many-centred arch for the opening. Finally, the Gate of Honour (1573) is a separate tiny triumphal arch leading out toward the schools…

Gate Theatre, Dublin dramatic company, founded in 1928 by Hilton Edwards and Micheál MacLiammóir, whose repertoire included works from many periods and countries, unlike that of the established Abbey Theatre. From 1928 to 1930 the Gate Theatre made its home at the Peacock, then moved to its own

electronics: Using MOSFETs: …current is controlled by the gate voltage. Without gate voltage, no current flows, because the p-n junction around the drain region is reverse-biased and because no channel exists. MOSFETs are widely used in integrated circuits.

cake, in general, any of a variety of breads, shortened or unshortened, usually shaped by the tin in which it is baked, or, more specifically, a sweetened bread, often rich or delicate. In the codified cuisine of France, all cakes, or gâteaux, derive from one of eight basic doughs: short pastry,

Dominique Rolin: …Le Gâteau des morts (1982; The Deathday Cake) the narrator fantasizes her own death in the year 2000. Trente ans d’amour fou (1988; “Thirty Years of Passionate Love”) recalls her annual visits to Venice. Her later works include Train de rêves (1994; “Train of Dreams”); Les Géraniums (1993), a collection…

gateleg table, type of table first used in England in the 16th century. The top had a fixed section and one or two hinged sections, which, when not in use, folded back onto the fixed section or were allowed to hang vertically. The hinged section, or flap, was supported on pivoted legs joined at the

Mytilene: From 1355 to 1462 the Gateluzzi family occupied the island, rebuilding (1373) the Byzantine fortress. In 1462 Lésbos fell to the Turks, who held it until 1912; it joined the Greek kingdom in 1913. In 1958 a Greek theatre, overlooking the town from the hillside, was excavated. Pop. (2001) 28,950;…

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward: …sentimental and didactic novel entitled The Gates Ajar. It is the story of a girl’s struggle to renew her faith despite the death of a beloved brother. The novel was immediately popular, selling 80,000 copies in the United States and 100,000 in England; it was translated into at least four…

The Gates Foundation is a private philanthropic foundation established in 2000 by Microsoft cofounder Bill Gates and his then-wife, businesswoman Melinda Gates. Its grant-making and advocacy efforts are focused on eliminating global inequities and increasing opportunities for those in need through

Errol Morris: Education and early films: …first film was the documentary Gates of Heaven (1978), an offbeat exploration of two pet cemeteries in California and the people who buried their pets there. He followed it with another documentary, Vernon, Florida (1981), focusing on the eccentric residents of the titular town.

Camille Claudel: …of that period, particularly to The Gates of Hell. She continued to live at home until 1888, when she moved to her own quarters near Rodin’s studio at La Folie Neubourg. By 1892 her relationship with Rodin had begun to crumble, and by 1893 she was both living and working…

Gates of Paradise, the pair of gilded bronze doors (1425–52) designed by the sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti for the north entrance of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence. Upon their completion, they were installed at the east entrance. Each wing of the Gates of Paradise contains five large

ʿalenu: In Gates of Prayer: The New Union Prayer Book (1975), however, Reform worshipers were given the option of using the original concept of the ʿalenu in their liturgy.

Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, large, remote wilderness area in northern Alaska, U.S. It is part of a vast region of national parks, monuments, and preserves located north of the Arctic Circle that stretches for hundreds of miles from west to east. Proclaimed a national monument in

Los Angeles Chargers: …Philip Rivers, and tight end Antonio Gates had great regular-season success—including four consecutive AFC West titles from 2006 to 2009—but failed to advance to the Super Bowl. Tomlinson was released in early 2010, and the Chargers’ streak of playoff berths ended the following season. The team returned to the postseason…

Bill Gates (born October 28, 1955, Seattle, Washington) is an American computer programmer and entrepreneur who cofounded Microsoft Corporation, the world’s largest personal-computer software company. Gates wrote his first software program at age 13. In high school he helped form a group of

Los Angeles Riots of 1992: >Daryl Gates, Los Angeles’s controversial police chief—who was later taken to task for his response to the riots in an official investigation headed by William Webster, former director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation—was forced to resign. Also in the wake of the riots, a…

Los Angeles Riots of 1992: >Daryl Gates, Los Angeles’s controversial police chief—who was later taken to task for his response to the riots in an official investigation headed by William Webster, former director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation—was forced to resign. Also in the wake of the riots, a…

Frederick T. Gates was an American philanthropist and businessman, a major figure in the Rockefeller interests, who spearheaded the endowment drive that created the University of Chicago. During his college days at the University of Rochester, N.Y., Gates worked as a bank clerk. His undergraduate

Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is an American literary critic and scholar known for his pioneering theories of African and African American literature. He introduced the notion of signifyin’ to represent African and African American literary and musical history as a continuing reflection and

Horatio Gates was an English-born American general in the American Revolution (1775–83) whose victory over the British at the Battle of Saratoga (1777) turned the tide of victory in behalf of the Revolutionaries. Gates first served in North America in the French and Indian War (1754–63), emerged as

John Warne Gates was an American financier and steel magnate who leveraged an $8,000 investment in a barbed-wire plant into the $90,000,000 American Steel & Wire Co. Dissatisfied with his partnership in a country hardware store at the age of 19 and impressed with the possibilities of a new product

Melinda Gates is an American businesswoman and philanthropist who—with her then husband, Microsoft Corporation cofounder Bill Gates—established (2000) the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which became one of the largest philanthropic organizations in the world. In May 2024 Gates

New York Rens: The world’s best team: In 1938 William (“Pop”) Gates and Clarence (“Puggy”) Bell were added to a roster of talented players that already included John (“Boy Wonder”) Isaacs, Charles (“Tarzan”) Cooper, William (“Wee Willie”) Smith, Eyre (“Bruiser”) Saitch, Zach Clayton, and player-manager Clarence (“Fat”) Jenkins.

Robert M. Gates is a U.S. government official who served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; 1991–93) under Pres. George H.W. Bush and as secretary of defense (2006–11) in the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama. Gates studied European history at the

Robert M. Gates is a U.S. government official who served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; 1991–93) under Pres. George H.W. Bush and as secretary of defense (2006–11) in the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama. Gates studied European history at the

Jamestown Colony: First years (1607–09): The company determined that Thomas Gates would hold that position for the first year of the new charter. He sailed for Virginia in June with a fleet of nine ships and hundreds of new colonists. The fleet was caught in a hurricane en route, however, and Gates’s ship was…

Jennifer Johnston: … (1972), was actually written after The Gates (1973); both novels feature the Anglo-Irish setting of a decaying manor house. Johnston’s third novel, How Many Miles to Babylon? (1974), concerns the complex and tragic friendship of two young men who are sentenced to death during World War I. Shadows on Our…

Christo and Jeanne-Claude: Notable works: The Gates was unveiled in 2005. Stretching across 23 miles (37 km) of walkway in Central Park, the work featured 7,503 steel gates that were 16 feet (5 metres) high and decorated with saffron-coloured cloth panels. The Gates was on display for 16 days and…

Theaster Gates American community activist and artist whose work—which included multimedia projects, installations, and performance art—questioned issues of racial and economic inequality. Gates grew up in a working-class family on Chicago’s West Side. After earning (1996) a B.S. degree in urban

Emiliano Zapata: Agrarian reforms: envoy, William Gates, visited Zapata and then published a series of articles in the United States; he contrasted the order of the Zapata-controlled zone with the chaos of the constitutional zone and said that “the true social revolution can be found among the Zapatistas.” When these…

New York Rens: The world’s best team: In 1938 William (“Pop”) Gates and Clarence (“Puggy”) Bell were added to a roster of talented players that already included John (“Boy Wonder”) Isaacs, Charles (“Tarzan”) Cooper, William (“Wee Willie”) Smith, Eyre (“Bruiser”) Saitch, Zach Clayton, and player-manager Clarence (“Fat”) Jenkins.

Bill Gates (born October 28, 1955, Seattle, Washington) is an American computer programmer and entrepreneur who cofounded Microsoft Corporation, the world’s largest personal-computer software company. Gates wrote his first software program at age 13. In high school he helped form a group of

Gateshead, town and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, northeastern England. It was initially a small settlement that developed at the southern end of a medieval bridge across the River Tyne, opposite the fortress (later city) of Newcastle upon

Gateshead: metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, historic county of Durham, northeastern England.

Gateshead: …and the site of the Gateshead Millennium Bridge (2001), a tilting bridge for pedestrians and bicyclists in the shape of two intersecting parabolas. Besides the town of Gateshead, the metropolitan borough includes the towns of Felling, Dunston, and Blaydon, suburban areas, and open countryside and woodland. Area metropolitan borough, 55…

information processing: Information searching and retrieval: …accomplished by routing through so-called gateways capable of protocol translation. The architecture of a typical networked information system is illustrated in Figure 5. Several representative clients are shown: a “dumb” terminal (i.e., one with no internal processor), a personal computer (PC), a Macintosh (Mac), and a NeXT machine. They have…

Frederik Pohl: …Nebula Award-winning Man Plus (1976); Gateway (1977), which won both the Hugo and the Nebula Award for best novel; Jem (1980), the first and only novel to capture a National Book Award for science fiction (hardcover), bestowed only in 1980; Chernobyl (1987); and All the Lives He Led (2011). The…

Gateway Arch, monument in St. Louis, Missouri, that sits along the west bank of the Mississippi River. The Gateway Arch takes its name from the city’s role as the “Gateway to the West” during the westward expansion of the United States in the 19th century. The gleaming archway, part of Gateway Arch

Eero Saarinen: Life: …1948 prizewinning design for the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (later Gateway Arch National Park) in St. Louis, Missouri, was completed in 1965. The Gateway Arch is a graceful and spectacular arch of stainless steel with a span and height of 630 feet (190 metres). It conveys a sense of ceremony…

Compaq: Building IBM PC clones: …as Dell Computer Corporation and Gateway Computer Corporation, Compaq’s veteran staff gave the company an aura of reliability that helped to woo corporate purchases away from IBM.

Huari: …on Huari pottery is the Doorway God, a stylized, anthropomorphic figure often represented in front view with a rectangular face and rayed headdress. This motif is also found at Tiwanaku. Huari architecture features large enclosures constructed of stone masonry. Monumental temple sculpture is naturalistic and depicts both male and female…

Gateway of India, an arch monument built in the early 20th century in Mumbai to commemorate the December 2, 1911, landing of King George V and Queen Mary at Apollo Bunder (now Wellington Pier) on the Arabian Sea, on their way to the Delhi Durbar. It is believed that the royal couple saw just a

Tiwanaku: …the Kalasasaya is the monolithic Gateway of the Sun, which is adorned with the carved central figure of a staff-carrying Doorway God and other subsidiary figures, sometimes referred to as angels or winged messengers. A great number of freestanding carved stone figures have also been found at the site. Characteristic…

Olivia Munn: Acting career: …Repeat (2020), and the thriller The Gateway (2021). She voiced the character Akiko in the animated TV series Hit-Monkey (2021–24) and since 2025 has appeared on the Apple TV drama series Your Friends & Neighbors with Jon Hamm and Amanda Peet.

Gath, one of the five royal cities of the Philistines, the exact location of which in modern Israel has not been determined. The name occurs several times in the Hebrew Bible, especially in connection with the history of David. Goliath, the Philistine champion, came from Gath. The records of Sargon

Avestan language: …older being that of the Gāthās, which reflects a linguistic stage (dating from c. 600 bc) close to that of Vedic Sanskrit in India. The greater part of the Avesta is written in a more recent form of the language and shows gradual simplification and variation in grammatical forms. When…

aṅgā: Gāthā (“verse”), works in poetic form. Udāna (“inspired utterance”), special sayings of the Buddha in prose or verse (also the name of a work in the Pāli Khuddaka Nikāya [“Short Collection”]). Itivuttaka (“thus it is said”), sayings of the Buddha introduced by these words; many…

Muammar al-Qaddafi was the de facto leader of Libya (1969–2011). Qaddafi had ruled for more than four decades when he was ousted by a revolt in August 2011. After evading capture for several weeks, he was killed by rebel forces in October 2011. The son of an itinerant Bedouin farmer, Qaddafi was

Gondophernes was an Indo-Parthian king in the areas of Arachosia, Kabul, and Gandhara (present Afghanistan and Pakistan). Some scholars recognize the name of Gondophernes through its Armenian form, Gastaphar, in Gaspar, the traditional name of one of the Magi (Wise Men) who came from the East to

Maya Angelou: Poetry and other works: …other volumes of autobiography, including Gather Together in My Name (1974), Singin’ and Swingin’ and Gettin’ Merry Like Christmas (1976), The Heart of a Woman (1981), All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986), A Song Flung Up to Heaven (2002), and Mom & Me & Mom (2013).

Alice Walker: Later work and controversies: …2022 Walker chose to publish Gathering Blossoms Under Fire, a deeply intimate collection of her journals, telling The New York Times, “I want the journals to be used so that people can see this working through of disappointment, anger, sorrow, regret. So in that sense, it’s a medicine book.”

Robin Wall Kimmerer: Gathering Moss: While in college Kimmerer had her first encounter with bryology (the study of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), which would become her area of specialization and the subject of her first published book, Gathering Moss: A Natural and Cultural History of Mosses (2003). As…

Louis-Léopold Boilly: Such paintings as Gathering of Artists in the Studio of Isabey (1798), The Arrival of the Stagecoach (1803), The Studio of Houdon (1804), and Departure of the Conscripts (1808) show his considerable skill at handling crowd scenes. In 1823 Boilly produced his first lithographs, a humorous series entitled…

Russia: Ivan III: The “gathering of the Russian lands,” as it has traditionally been known, became under Ivan a conscious and irresistible drive by Moscow to annex all East Slavic lands, both the Russian territories, which traditionally had close links with Moscow, and the Belarusian and Ukrainian regions, which…

hippie: Be-ins, music festivals, and other public gatherings: The first “be-in,” called the Gathering of the Tribes, was held in San Francisco in 1967. It initiated the Summer of Love, wherein up to 100,000 members of the counterculture traveled across the United States and converged in the Haight-Ashbury district of that city. Many came for the Monterey International…

education: Organization of education: …contained several study circles (ḥalqah), so named because the teacher was, as a rule, seated on a dais or cushion with the pupils gathered in a semicircle before him. The more advanced a student, the closer he was seated to the teacher. The mosque circles varied in approach, course…

hunter-gatherer, any person who depends primarily on wild foods for subsistence. Until about 12,000 to 11,000 years ago, when agriculture and animal domestication emerged in southwest Asia and in Mesoamerica, all peoples were hunter-gatherers. Their strategies have been very diverse, depending

William Empson: …collections of his poetry included The Gathering Storm (1940) and Collected Poems (1949; rev. ed. 1955).

Albert Finney: …Churchill in the television movie The Gathering Storm (2002) won him an Emmy Award, among other honours.

Carolyn Forché: Her first collection of poetry, Gathering the Tribes (1976), evokes her childhood, her Slovak ancestry, and reflections on sexuality, family, and race.

Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st earl of Cranbrook was an English Conservative politician who was a strong proponent of British intervention in the Russo-Turkish conflict of 1877–78. Called to the bar in 1840, Hardy entered Parliament in 1856, earning a reputation as a skilled debater and a staunch

Buddhism: Mythic figures in the Three Worlds cosmology: …includes a set of six gatis (“destinies”) that have played an important role as a setting for mythology in virtually all Buddhist traditions in Asia. The highest of these six destinies is that of the devatas (though both gods and goddesses are included among the devatas, the goddesses generally have…

Gatineau, city, Outaouais region, southwestern Quebec province, Canada. It is situated on the north bank of the Ottawa River, opposite Ottawa, straddling the mouth of the Gatineau River. The city derives its name from the river, which itself was named for Nicolas Gatineau, a fur trader who

Gatineau River, river in Outaouais region, southwestern Quebec province, Canada. The river rises in a chain of lakes north of Baskatong Reservoir and flows generally southward for 240 miles (390 km) to join the Ottawa River at Hull. It was named for Nicolas Gatineau, a fur trader who is reputed to

Gatlinburg, city, Sevier county, eastern Tennessee, U.S. It lies about 30 miles (50 km) southeast of Knoxville, at the northwestern entrance to Great Smoky Mountains National Park. English and Scotch-Irish settlers began to arrive along the Little Pigeon River about 1795; by 1835 the settlement was

Gatling gun, hand-driven machine gun, the first to solve the problems of loading, reliability, and the firing of sustained bursts. It was invented about 1862 by Richard Jordan Gatling during the American Civil War. After early experiments with a single barrel using paper cartridges (which had to

Richard Jordan Gatling was an American inventor best known for his invention of the Gatling gun, a crank-operated, multibarrel machine gun, which he patented in 1862. Gatling’s career as an inventor began when he assisted his father in the construction and perfecting of machines for sowing cotton

submarine: World War II: …was waged mainly with the Gato- and Balao-class submarines. These were approximately 311.5 feet long, displaced 1,525 tons, and had diesel-electric machinery for 20-knot surface and nine-knot underwater speeds. The principal difference between the two designs was the 300-foot operating depth for the Gato class and 400-foot depth for the…

Latin American dance: The Southern Cone: …dances include the chacarrera and gato (couple dances based on the fandango) and malambo (a man’s solo dance with improvised footwork).

Kadoma, town, central Zimbabwe. Named for nearby Kadoma (Gatooma) Hill, it was constituted a village in 1907 and received municipal status in 1917. Located in a fertile area and on the main road and railway between Harare (formerly Salisbury) and Bulawayo, the town is a commercial centre for

Quaker Oats Company: …Stokley–Van Camp, the maker of Gatorade sport drink, in 1983 and of Snapple, a bottler of iced teas and fruit drinks, in 1994. Although lagging sales caused Quaker to sell the Snapple business in 1997, the company continued to expand the Gatorade brand by introducing nutritional drinks and snacks.

Utrera, city, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies southeast of the city of Sevilla on the Arroyo de la Antigua, which is a tributary of the Guadalquivir River. The site has been occupied since prehistoric times and

Jay Gatsby, fictional character, the mysterious self-made millionaire protagonist of American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby (1925). Set in Jazz Age New York, the novel centers on Gatsby’s romantic pursuit of Daisy Buchanan, a wealthy young woman whom he loved in his youth but

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), set of multilateral trade agreements aimed at the abolition of quotas and the reduction of tariff duties among the contracting nations. When GATT was concluded by 23 countries at Geneva, in 1947 (to take effect on Jan. 1, 1948), it was considered an

Ethan Hawke: Before Sunrise, Training Day, and Boyhood: …Thurman in the sci-fi thriller Gattaca; the couple married in 1998 and divorced in 2004. Hawke’s other films in the 1990s include Great Expectations (1998), a modern take on the classic novel by Charles Dickens; Linklater’s The Newton Boys (1998), about the adventures of a gang of bank robbers in…

Gattamelata, bronze statue of the Venetian condottiere Erasmo da Narni (popularly known as Gattamelata, meaning “honeyed cat”) by the 15th-century Italian Renaissance sculptor Donatello. It was completed between 1447 and 1450 but was not installed on its pedestal in the Piazza del Santo in front of

historiography: Johann Christoph Gatterer and the Göttingen scholars: Until the beginning of the 19th century, the history of historiography could be represented in a list of great and near-great individuals. Group efforts like those of the Bollandists or the Benedictines of St. Maur were the exception; almost…

Dardenne brothers: …of Jean-Pierre’s teachers, French director Armand Gatti, provided the brothers’ inspiration to use videotape to document the lives and struggles of working-class Belgians. It also determined their signature camera style: use of the handheld camera and a preference for improvised dialogue. Beginning in the 1970s they made a number of…

Arturo Gatti was an Italian-born Canadian boxer who held two world titles during his 16-year professional career (1991–2007)—the International Boxing Federation (IBF) super featherweight (junior lightweight; 1995–97) and the World Boxing Council (WBC) junior welterweight (2004–05). Gatti’s

Martin Luther: Excommunication: Charles’s adviser Mercurino Gattinara, mindful of the need for good relations with the estates (the three main orders of society—clergy, nobility, and townspeople), repeatedly urged the emperor not to issue an edict against Luther without their full consent. Gattinara’s caution was justified, because in February the estates…

Gatton, town, southern Queensland, Australia. It lies along Lockyer Creek, about 60 miles (100 km) west of Brisbane. Likely named for the village of Gattonside in the Borders region of Scotland or for the parish of Gatton in Surrey, England, it was gazetted as the site for a village in 1855 and by

The Leopard, novel by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, published in 1958 as Il gattopardo. The novel is a psychological study of Don Fabrizio, prince of Salina (called the Leopard, after his family crest), who witnesses with detachment the transfer of power in Sicily from the old Bourbon aristocracy

Wiley Post: Post, accompanied by navigator Harold Gatty, made his first around-the-world flight from June 23 to July 1, 1931, in a Lockheed Vega named Winnie Mae (now part of the Smithsonian Institution’s collection), completing the voyage in 8 days, 15 hours, 51 minutes; later that year their account of the…

Chagres River: …Gatún Lake, created by the Gatún Dam (1912) with which are associated locks and a hydroelectric plant. The Chagres there leaves the canal and flows into the Caribbean Sea west of Limón Bay. Originally characterized by rapids throughout, the river is navigable only in its canalized portions. The river supplies…

Gatun Lake, long artificial lake in Panama, constituting part of the Panama Canal system; its area is 166 square miles (430 square km). It was formed by damming the Chagres River and its smaller affluents at Gatun at the north end of the lake. Its dam (completed 1912) and spillway, a key structure

Panama Canal: The canal: …the Atlantic side through the Gatún Locks to a point in the widest portion of Gatún Lake; it then turns sharply toward the east and follows a course generally to the southeast until it reaches the Bay of Panama, on the Pacific side. Its terminus near Balboa is some 25…