flamenco: History: …transformed beginning in 1842, when Silverio Franconetti founded the first café cantante, Café sin Nombre, in Sevilla (Seville). That establishment and the many others that sprang up in the major urban centres of Spain—notably Granada, Córdoba, and Sevilla—placed emphasis on the musicians and dancers, and it was in this period…

Antonio Franconi was an impresario considered the founder of the French circus and, with Philip Astley, the founder of the modern circus. A member of a noble Venetian family, Franconi fled to France, where he stayed until 1756, after killing an opponent in a duel. Beginning his circus career as a

Antonio Franconi: Thereafter, Franconi concentrated on expanding and varying his spectacles, especially with trick riding (in which he himself had some skill). He subsequently built the Cirque Olympique de Franconi, management of which he transferred, in 1805, to his sons Henri and Laurent, who likewise gained reputations as…

Franconia, one of the five great stem, or Stamm (tribal), duchies—the other four being Saxony, Lotharingia (Lorraine), Swabia, and Bavaria—of early medieval Germany. Today it is divided between Rhenish Franconia, now located in the Länder (states) of Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, and

Franconia Notch, scenic pass between the towering peaks of the Franconia (east) and Kinsman (west) ranges in the White Mountains, northwestern New Hampshire, U.S. The pass is located in Grafton county just north of North Woodstock and is about 8 miles (13 km) long. An impressive example of glacial

children’s literature: Prehistory (1646?–1865): The latter’s Franconia Stories (1850–53), however, showing traces of Rousseau and Johann Pestalozzi, is the remote ancestor of those wholesome, humorous pictures of small-town child life in which American writers excelled after World War I. Affectionately based on the author’s own memories, they occasionally reveal children rather…

Italy: Italy under the Saxon emperors: …in 911 Conrad I of Franconia became king, to be succeeded in 919 by the energetic Henry the Fowler, duke of Saxony and founder of the Saxon dynasty of German emperors. In France the Carolingians yielded to the Capetians before the century was out. In the monasteries of Burgundy and…

West Germanic languages: History: …of the South Germanic “Franconian,” or Frankish. The crucial early period of this contact occurred in the 7th and 8th centuries and resulted from the expansion of Frankish (Merovingian and early Carolingian) power into the western coastal areas that were populated by North Sea Germanic groups. The most important…

Franconian Forest, forested highland in extreme northeastern Bavaria Land (state), east-central Germany. It forms a physical and geological link between the highlands of the Fichtel Mountains and the Thuringian Forest. About 30 miles (50 km) long, the forest descends gently north and east toward

Frankenthal, city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies just northwest of Mannheim. First mentioned as Franconodal, a fishing settlement, in 772, it was the site of a powerful Augustinian monastery from 1119 until it passed to the Palatinate in 1562 and was settled by

Brussels: The 20th century: …the formation of the Brussels-based Francophone Democratic Front in 1964. Whereas the Flemings were intent on preventing the Francophone influence from spreading further, the French-speaking residents of Brussels resented the imposition of a legal carcan, or “straitjacket,” on the city. The front’s rapid growth gave it a firm political hold…

Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), international organization founded in 1970 as the Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique (ACCT; Agency of Cultural and Technical Cooperation), representing French-speaking countries. The OIF was created so as to facilitate cooperation

Henri Jaspar: …designed by his finance minister, Émile Francqui, to remedy the economic crisis; these measures included devaluation of the currency, creation of new taxes, conversion of the public debt, nationalization of the railroads, and financing of public works. These measures revitalized the Belgian economy, although it declined again after the onset…

Absaroka Range: …12,000 feet (3,700 meters), including Francs Peak (13,140 feet), the highest point. The range is a source for headstreams of the Bighorn River and embraces portions of the Gallatin, Shoshone, and Custer national forests and the extreme northeastern part of Yellowstone National Park. Granite Peak (12,799 feet), the highest point…

Hamid Franjieh was a Lebanese politician who became foreign minister under the French mandate in 1939. When Lebanon became independent in 1943, Franjieh served as foreign minister several times for different governments until a stroke forced him to resign in 1955 and to withdraw from political

macaroon: Frangipane is a cream filling made by flavouring butter and crushed macaroons with lemon extract, rum, sherry, or brandy.

frangipani, (genus Plumeria), genus of about 12 species of deciduous shrubs or small trees in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), native to the New World tropics. Several species, especially Plumeria rubra, are widely cultivated as ornamentals in warm climates for their attractive and fragrant

Hamid Franjieh was a Lebanese politician who became foreign minister under the French mandate in 1939. When Lebanon became independent in 1943, Franjieh served as foreign minister several times for different governments until a stroke forced him to resign in 1955 and to withdraw from political

Suleiman Franjieh was a Lebanese politician who, as a leader of one of Lebanon’s powerful Maronite Christian clans and president of Lebanon (1970–76), was considered to be in large part responsible for the country’s descent into civil war in the mid-1970s. Franjieh was educated in Tripoli and

Suleiman Franjieh was a Lebanese politician who, as a leader of one of Lebanon’s powerful Maronite Christian clans and president of Lebanon (1970–76), was considered to be in large part responsible for the country’s descent into civil war in the mid-1970s. Franjieh was educated in Tripoli and

Georges Franju was a French motion-picture director noted for his short documentary films. In 1932 Franju found work on the sets of Paris music halls while he studied theater decor. Franju met Henri Langlois in 1934. In that year the two men directed the short Le Métro, and in 1935 they started a

Amy Winehouse: Frank: …her critically acclaimed debut album, Frank (2003), Winehouse proved herself to be a shrewd, caustic lyricist, and her smoky, evocative vocals drew comparisons to jazz and rhythm-and-blues legends Sarah Vaughan, Dinah Washington, and Billie Holiday. Yet Winehouse was vocal about her dislike for the album,

Frank, member of a Germanic-speaking people who invaded the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Dominating present-day northern France, Belgium, and western Germany, the Franks established the most powerful Christian kingdom of early medieval western Europe. The name France (Francia) is

Frank Abagnale, Jr. is an American author, former con artist, and financial security consultant. He became a household name after the 1980 publication of his memoir, Catch Me If You Can: The True Story of a Real Fake, which tells the story of Abagnale’s various fraudulent activities throughout the

Wilfrid Sheed: Among his nonfiction books are Frank and Maisie: A Memoir with Parents (1985), the biographies Muhammad Ali (1975) and Clare Boothe Luce (1982), the essay collections The Good Word & Other Words (1978) and Essays in Disguise (1990), and Baseball and Lesser Sports (1991). In 1995 Sheed published

Salmon River: …Snake is called the “River of No Return” because travel upstream was once impossible. Salmon River Canyon, a gorge 30 miles (48 km) long, 1 mile (1.6 km) deep, and in places 10 miles (16 km) wide, is formed by the river in its lower course.

ice hockey: National Hockey League: …the playoffs’ outstanding performer; the Frank J. Selke Trophy, for the best defensive forward; the Jack Adams Award, for the coach of the year; the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy, for the player who best exemplifies sportsmanship, perseverance, and dedication to hockey; and the Lester Patrick Trophy, for outstanding service to…

Joseph Keppler: …was drawing cover cartoons for Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper. He broke with Leslie in 1876 and founded a second German-language Puck, which was so successful that in 1877 an English-language version was begun. The English version lasted until 1918, 22 years longer than the German. Initially Keppler drew all the…

Mahlon Pitney: Another memorable opinion, in Frank v. Mangum, drew vigorous dissent from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes on the grounds that it validated mob law. Pitney resigned from the court on December 31, 1922.

Anne Frank was a Jewish girl whose diary of her family’s two years in hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands became a classic of war literature. Early in the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler, Anne’s father, Otto Frank (1889–1980), a German businessman, took his wife and two daughters to

Anne Frank was a Jewish girl whose diary of her family’s two years in hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands became a classic of war literature. Early in the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler, Anne’s father, Otto Frank (1889–1980), a German businessman, took his wife and two daughters to

Barney Frank was an American Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1981–2013) and was one of the first openly gay members of Congress. Born Barnett Frank—he legally changed his name to Barney in the 1960s—he was raised in a Jewish working-class family in New Jersey.

Barney Frank was an American Democratic politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1981–2013) and was one of the first openly gay members of Congress. Born Barnett Frank—he legally changed his name to Barney in the 1960s—he was raised in a Jewish working-class family in New Jersey.

Erich Frank was a German philosopher whose writings played a role in the emergence of the German existential movement. Neither an idealist nor a constructivist, as were his contemporaries, he believed philosophy’s role was to seek “faith” through understanding rather than religious spirituality or

Yelizaveta Alekseyevna Tarakanova was an adventuress and pretender to the Russian throne who claimed to be the daughter of the unmarried empress Elizabeth (reigned 1741–62) and Count Aleksey G. Razumovsky. She claimed to have been reared in St. Petersburg, but she was probably not Russian, and her

Hans Frank was a German politician and lawyer who served as governor-general of Poland during World War II. Frank fought in World War I, studied economics and jurisprudence, and in 1921 joined the German Workers’ Party (which became the Nazi Party). He eventually became the party’s chief legal

Ilya Mikhaylovich Frank was a Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel A. Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. He received the award for explaining the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation. After graduating from Moscow State University in 1930, Frank

Jacob Frank was a Jewish false messiah who claimed to be the reincarnation of Shabbetai Tzevi (1626–76). The most notorious of the false messiahs, he was the founder of the antirabbinical Frankist, or Zoharist, sect. Frank often traveled in the Balkans and there met followers of Shabbetai. An

mental disorder: The psychotherapies: American psychiatrist Jerome D. Frank classified psychotherapies into “religio-magical” and “empirico-scientific” categories, with religio-magical approaches relying on the shared beliefs of the therapist and patient in spiritual or other supernatural processes or powers. This article is concerned, however, with the latter forms of psychotherapy—those that have been…

Joachim Frank is a German-born American biochemist who won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on image-processing techniques that proved essential to the development of cryo-electron microscopy. He shared the prize with Swiss biophysicist Jacques Dubochet and British molecular

Johann Peter Frank was a German physician who was a pioneer in public health. Frank studied at Heidelberg and Strasbourg. He became court and garrison physician in Rastadt (1769), professor in Göttingen (1784) and in Pavia (1785), director of sanitation in Lombardy (1786), and sanitary officer to

Karl Hermann Frank was a German Nazi of the Sudetenland who became the virtual ruler of Bohemia and Moravia and ordered the destruction of the Czech village of Lidice. Frank studied at the University of Prague and was a bookseller before he turned to politics. A Sudeten “irredentist,” he agitated

Leo Frank was an American factory superintendent whose conviction in 1913 for the murder of Mary Phagan resulted in his lynching. His trial and death shaped the nascent Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and spurred the first resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Frank was pardoned in 1986. Frank was

Leo Frank was an American factory superintendent whose conviction in 1913 for the murder of Mary Phagan resulted in his lynching. His trial and death shaped the nascent Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and spurred the first resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Frank was pardoned in 1986. Frank was

Leonhard Frank was a German Expressionist novelist and playwright who used sensationalism and a compact and austere prose to dramatize a favourite theme—the destruction of the individual spirit by bourgeois society. After studying painting in Munich in 1904 and working as a commercial artist, Frank

Otto Frank was a German-born merchant best known as the father of Anne Frank, whose diary, published after her death in 1945, became world famous. Frank, decorated for bravery as a German officer in World War I, escaped with his family from the Nazi anti-Jewish persecutions in Germany before the

Robert Frank was a Swiss American photographer and director who was one of the most influential photographers of the mid-20th century, noted for his ironic renderings of American life. Frank became a professional industrial photographer at the age of 22 and in the 1940s became a successful fashion

Sir Charles Frank was an English physicist known for his work in the study of crystals. Though born in South Africa, Frank was raised in his parents’ native England, to which they returned only a few months after his birth. Frank received a scholarship to Lincoln College, Oxford, from which he

Sir Charles Frank was an English physicist known for his work in the study of crystals. Though born in South Africa, Frank was raised in his parents’ native England, to which they returned only a few months after his birth. Frank received a scholarship to Lincoln College, Oxford, from which he

Frankfort: …from an incident in which Stephen Frank, a frontiersman, was killed (1780) in an Indian skirmish at a local fording place on the river. Twice during Frankfort’s early history the capitol building was burned, and at both times the larger cities of Louisville and Lexington attempted to usurp the seat…

Sir Charles Frank: …to be known as the Frank-Read mechanism for generating dislocations in a crystal.

cardiovascular disease: Ventricular dysfunction in heart failure: …acute compensatory mechanism, called the Frank-Starling mechanism (named for German physiologist Otto Frank and British physiologist Ernest Henry Starling), may be sufficient in patients with mild heart failure who only require ventricular compensation during exercise, when demand for cardiac output is high. Increased ventricular volume, however, results in an increase…

Aline Frankau Bernstein was a theatrical designer and writer, the first major woman designer for the American stage. Aline Frankau attended Hunter College and the New York School for Applied Design before her marriage to Theodore Bernstein in 1902. She developed her artistic talent studying under

Zacharias Frankel was a rabbi and theologian, a founder of what became Conservative Judaism. After graduation from the University of Budapest in 1831, Frankel served as rabbi in several German communities, becoming chief rabbi of Dresden in 1836. During this period he developed a theology that he

Franconia, one of the five great stem, or Stamm (tribal), duchies—the other four being Saxony, Lotharingia (Lorraine), Swabia, and Bavaria—of early medieval Germany. Today it is divided between Rhenish Franconia, now located in the Länder (states) of Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, and

Al Franken is an American Democratic politician, comedian, and political commentator who represented Minnesota in the U.S. Senate from 2009 to 2018. When Franken was four years old, his family moved from New York City to Minnesota, where his father ran a factory. The younger Franken earned a

Al Franken is an American Democratic politician, comedian, and political commentator who represented Minnesota in the U.S. Senate from 2009 to 2018. When Franken was four years old, his family moved from New York City to Minnesota, where his father ran a factory. The younger Franken earned a

Protestantism: Radical reformers related to Luther’s reform: …and led them at the Battle of Frankenhausen, where they were butchered, and he was captured and beheaded. Luther execrated Müntzer’s memory because he seized the sword in defense of the gospel and challenged the social order. Some Marxists, on the other hand, later exalted Müntzer as the prophet of…

John Frankenheimer was an American television and film director who was considered one of the most important and creatively gifted directors of the 1950s and ’60s. He was especially noted for such classic movies as The Manchurian Candidate (1962) and Birdman of Alcatraz (1962). He enjoyed a second

John Frankenheimer was an American television and film director who was considered one of the most important and creatively gifted directors of the 1950s and ’60s. He was especially noted for such classic movies as The Manchurian Candidate (1962) and Birdman of Alcatraz (1962). He enjoyed a second

desert: Flora: …and generally less well-known family Frankeniaceae, which is typical of salty habitats and reaches its greatest diversity in deserts from North Africa to Central Asia and in western South America.

Frankenstein, American horror film, released in 1931, that was based on a stage adaptation of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. The film’s hulking monster, portrayed by Boris Karloff with a flat head and protruding neck bolts, is one of the most

Guillermo del Toro: Major successes: Pan’s Labyrinth and The Shape of Water: In 2025 del Toro directed Frankenstein, a lush, eloquent retelling of Shelley’s classic that treated the Creature (played by Jacob Elordi) with nuance and empathy.

Frankenstein, the title character in Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, the prototypical “mad scientist” who creates a monster by which he is eventually killed. The name Frankenstein has become popularly attached to the creature itself, who has become one of the best-known monsters

Bela Lugosi: …had turned down in 1931—in Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman (1943). He teamed with Karloff again in the eerie The Body Snatcher (1945), and he returned to the role of Dracula in Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948).

Roger Corman: Other projects and legacy: …a comeback with the well-received Frankenstein Unbound (1990).

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, Gothic horror novel by English writer Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley that was first published in 1818. The epistolary story follows a scientific genius who brings to life a terrifying monster that torments its creator. It is considered one of the first

Frankenthal, city, Rhineland-Palatinate Land (state), southwestern Germany. It lies just northwest of Mannheim. First mentioned as Franconodal, a fishing settlement, in 772, it was the site of a powerful Augustinian monastery from 1119 until it passed to the Palatinate in 1562 and was settled by

Helen Frankenthaler was an American Abstract Expressionist painter whose brilliantly colored canvases were much admired for their lyric qualities. Frankenthaler’s father, Alfred Frankenthaler, was a New York Supreme Court justice. She studied under the Mexican painter Rufino Tamayo in high school,

Franconian Forest, forested highland in extreme northeastern Bavaria Land (state), east-central Germany. It forms a physical and geological link between the highlands of the Fichtel Mountains and the Thuringian Forest. About 30 miles (50 km) long, the forest descends gently north and east toward

Tim Burton: >Frankenweenie, directed by Burton, was released in 2012. Big Eyes (2014) told the true story of painter Margaret Keane, whose husband took credit for her work during the early part of her career. Burton next directed the adventure fantasy Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children…

Frankfort, capital (since 1792) of Kentucky, U.S., and seat of Franklin county, located 50 miles (80 km) east of Louisville and 26 miles (42 km) northwest of Lexington. Frankfort was founded in 1786 on the Kentucky River by Gen. James Wilkinson. The name is a corruption of the name Frank’s Ford,

Henri Frankfort was an American archaeologist who completed a well-documented reconstruction of ancient Mesopotamian culture, established the relation between Egypt and Mesopotamia, and discovered much new information on both civilizations. Frankfort’s university studies in history, hieroglyphics,

Frankfurt am Main, city, Hessen Land (state), western Germany. The city lies along the Main River about 19 miles (30 km) upstream from its confluence with the Rhine River at Mainz. Pop. (2021 est.) city, 759,224; urban agglom., 3,210,500. There is evidence of Celtic and Germanic settlements in the

Frankfurt am Main City Zoological Garden, municipal zoological garden in Frankfurt am Main, Ger. It was founded in 1858 by the Frankfurt Zoological Society. Because the original site of the zoo was not large enough to allow for the expansion of the collection, in 1874 the zoo was relocated to its

Frankfurt am Main: The contemporary city: Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt (1914) is among the largest institutions of higher education in Germany. The Frankfurt am Main City Zoological Garden is one of the country’s finest zoos. Among the city’s other attractions are the Städel Art Institute and Municipal Gallery, the…

Frankfurt an der Oder, city, Brandenburg Land (state), eastern Germany. It lies on the west bank of the Oder River opposite the Polish town of Słubice, which before 1945 was the Frankfurt suburb of Dammvorstadt. An early medieval settlement of Franconian colonists and traders, Frankfurt was

William Forsythe: …Ballet, Netherlands Dance Theatre, the Frankfurt Ballet, and the Paris Opéra Ballet.

airport: Pier and satellite designs: Frankfurt International Airport in Germany and Schiphol Airport near Amsterdam still use such terminals. In the late 1970s, pier designs at Chicago’s O’Hare and Atlanta’s Hartsfield successfully handled in excess of 45 million mainly domestic passengers per year. However, as the number of aircraft gates…

Francis Daniel Pastorius: …of German Quakers, called the Frankfurt Land Company, who wished to purchase land within the Pennsylvania proprietorship. Pastorius arrived in Philadelphia that summer, purchased 15,000 acres of land from William Penn, and in the autumn established the settlement of Germantown.

Frankfurt National Assembly, German national parliament (May 1848–June 1849) that tried and failed to create a united German state during the liberal Revolutions of 1848. A preliminary parliament (Vorparlament) met in Frankfurt am Main in March 1848 at the instigation of liberal leaders from all

Frankfurt am Main, city, Hessen Land (state), western Germany. The city lies along the Main River about 19 miles (30 km) upstream from its confluence with the Rhine River at Mainz. Pop. (2021 est.) city, 759,224; urban agglom., 3,210,500. There is evidence of Celtic and Germanic settlements in the

Frankfurt School, group of researchers associated with the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, who applied Marxism to a radical interdisciplinary social theory. The Institute for Social Research (Institut für Sozialforschung) was founded by Carl Grünberg in 1923 as an

Frankfurt am Main City Zoological Garden, municipal zoological garden in Frankfurt am Main, Ger. It was founded in 1858 by the Frankfurt Zoological Society. Because the original site of the zoo was not large enough to allow for the expansion of the collection, in 1874 the zoo was relocated to its

Germany: Henry VII of Luxembourg: Under his direction the Diet of Frankfurt (1310) closed the long-disputed question of the Bohemian succession by awarding the kingdom, with the consent of the Bohemian estates, to Henry’s son John. Thus, in common with the Habsburgs, the main weight of Luxembourg interests gravitated eastward. But Henry, unlike his…

Frankfurt am Main: The contemporary city: Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt (1914) is among the largest institutions of higher education in Germany. The Frankfurt am Main City Zoological Garden is one of the country’s finest zoos. Among the city’s other attractions are the Städel Art Institute and Municipal Gallery, the…

autonomy: Millian and hierarchical accounts of autonomy: …introduced by the American philosopher Harry Frankfurt in his seminal paper “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person” (1971).

France: The Third Republic: …Bismarck; on March 1 the Treaty of Frankfurt was ratified by a large majority of the assembly. The terms were severe: France was charged a war indemnity of five billion francs plus the cost of maintaining a German occupation army in eastern France until the indemnity was paid. Alsace and…

hot dog, sausage, of disputed but probable German origin, that has become internationally popular, especially in the United States. Two European cities claim to be the birthplace of the sausage: Frankfurt, Germany, whence the byname frankfurter, and Vienna, Austria, whence the byname wiener.

Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, daily newspaper published in Frankfurt am Main, one of the most prestigious and influential in Germany. F.A.Z. was created after World War II by a group of journalists who had worked on the highly respected Frankfurter Zeitung before the war. The earlier paper was

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Sturm und Drang (1770–76) of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: …new intellectual Frankfurt journal, the Frankfurter Gelehrte Anzeigen (“Frankfurt Review of Books”), which was hostile to the enlightened despotism of the German princely states, notably Prussia and Austria. He thereby effectively became part of the literary movement subsequently known as the Sturm und Drang (“Storm and Stress”). Both the political…

Frankfurt National Assembly, German national parliament (May 1848–June 1849) that tried and failed to create a united German state during the liberal Revolutions of 1848. A preliminary parliament (Vorparlament) met in Frankfurt am Main in March 1848 at the instigation of liberal leaders from all

Felix Frankfurter was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1939–62), a noted scholar and teacher of law, who was in his time the high court’s leading exponent of the doctrine of judicial self-restraint. He held that judges should adhere closely to precedent, disregarding their

Cucurbitales: Other families: …association with the actinomycete fungus Frankia, which forms nodules on the roots. The plant is poisonous and contains bitter sesquiterpenoid compounds.

Isabelle Huppert: Academy Award nomination and later films: …to Portugal in the drama Frankie (2019). In the crime comedy La daronne (2020; Mama Weed), she played a police translator who becomes a drug dealer.

Maurizio Cattelan: Early career: … on the World Trade Center, Frankie and Jamie (2002), showed two wax figures of New York police officers standing upside down.

Garry Marshall: Films: Pretty Woman and The Princess Diaries: …this time Marshall also directed Frankie and Johnny (1991), about a relationship that develops between a cook just released from prison (Al Pacino) and a waitress (Michelle Pfeiffer).

ballad: Crime: …“Jim Fisk,” Johnny of “Frankie and Johnny,” and many other ballad victims are prompted by sexual jealousy. One particular variety of crime ballad, the “last goodnight”, represents itself falsely to be the contrite speech of a criminal as he mounts the scaffold to be executed. A version of “Mary…

Terrence McNally: …Tubs, 1973; film 1976), and Frankie and Johnny in the Claire de Lune (produced 1987; film 1991). In 1995 McNally won a Tony Award for best play, for Love! Valour! Compassion! (film 1997), and he won another the following year for Master Class, one of several works he wrote about…

Frankie Crocker was the flamboyant kingpin of disco radio, though he had never singled out dance music as a specialty. He played rhythm and blues and jazz on the radio in his hometown of Buffalo, New York; in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and in Los Angeles before joining WMCA in New York as one of the