Theologians & Religious Scholars, PAS-TRO
Theologians and religious scholars have influenced the beliefs, teachings, and traditions of world religions throughout history. Learn more about theologians and religious thinkers from Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and other faiths.
Theologians & Religious Scholars Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Paschasius Radbertus, Saint
Saint Paschasius Radbertus ; feast day April 26) was a French abbot, theologian, and author whose monograph De......
Paul Of Venice
Paul Of Venice was an Italian Augustinian philosopher and theologian who gained recognition as an educator and......
Paul the Apostle, St
St. Paul the Apostle was one of the leaders of the first generation of Christians, often considered to be the most......
Payne, Peter
Peter Payne was an English theologian, diplomat, and follower of the early religious Reformer John Wycliffe. He......
Peacocke, Arthur
Arthur Peacocke was a British theologian, biochemist, and Anglican priest who claimed that science and religion......
Pedersen, Johannes Peder Ejler
Johannes Peder Ejler Pedersen was a Danish Old Testament scholar and Semitic philologist, important for his conception......
Pelagius
Pelagius was a monk and theologian whose heterodox theological system known as Pelagianism emphasized the primacy......
Peter Lombard
Peter Lombard was a 12th-century bishop whose Four Books of Sentences (Sententiarum libri IV) was the standard......
Philaret
Philaret was a Russian Orthodox biblical theologian and metropolitan, or archbishop, of Moscow whose scholarship,......
Philo Judaeus
Philo Judaeus was a Greek-speaking Jewish philosopher, the most important representative of Hellenistic Judaism.......
Philoponus, John
John Philoponus was a Christian philosopher, theologian, and literary scholar whose writings expressed an independent......
Philotheus Kokkinos
Philotheus Kokkinos was a theologian, monk, and patriarch of Constantinople, a leader of the Byzantine monastic......
Philoxenus of Mabbug
Philoxenus of Mabbug was a Syrian bishop, theologian, and classical author. He was a leader of the Jacobite miaphysite......
Planudes, Maximus
Maximus Planudes was a Greek Orthodox humanities scholar, anthologist, and theological polemicist in the controversy......
Prokopovich, Feofan
Feofan Prokopovich was a Russian Orthodox theologian and archbishop of Pskov, who by his administration, oratory,......
Prosper of Aquitaine, Saint
Saint Prosper of Aquitaine ; feast day July 7) was an early Christian polemicist famous for his defense of Augustine......
Przysucha, Jacob Isaac ben Asher
Jacob Isaac ben Asher Przysucha was a Jewish Ḥasidic leader who sought to turn Polish Ḥasidism away from its reliance......
Psellus, Michael
Michael Psellus was a Byzantine philosopher, theologian, and statesman whose advocacy of Platonic philosophy as......
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite was probably a Syrian monk who, known only by his pseudonym, wrote a series of......
Pusey, E.B.
E.B. Pusey was an English Anglican theologian, scholar, and a leader of the Oxford movement, which sought to revive......
Quesnel, Pasquier
Pasquier Quesnel was a controversial French theologian who led the Jansenists (followers of Bishop Cornelius Jansen’s......
Rabanus Maurus
Rabanus Maurus was an archbishop, Benedictine abbot, theologian, and scholar whose work so contributed to the development......
Rabbula
Rabbula was a reforming bishop of Edessa and theologian who was a leading figure in the Christian church in Syria.......
Radewyns, Florentius
Florentius Radewyns was a Dutch Roman Catholic theologian, successor to Geert Groote as leader of the Brethren......
Rahner, Karl
Karl Rahner was a German Jesuit priest who is widely considered to have been one of the foremost Roman Catholic......
Ramadan, Tariq
Tariq Ramadan is a Swiss theologian, Islamics scholar, philosopher, and media personality. Although Ramadan’s parents......
Ramsey, Michael, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury
Michael Ramsey, Baron Ramsey of Canterbury was the archbishop of Canterbury (1961–74), theologian, educator, and......
Rashi
Rashi was a renowned medieval French commentator on the Bible and the Talmud (the authoritative Jewish compendium......
Rashīd Riḍā
Rashīd Riḍā was an Islamic scholar who formulated an intellectual response to the pressures of the modern Western......
Ratramnus
Ratramnus was a theologian, priest, and monk at the Benedictine abbey of Corbie whose important 9th-century work......
Rauschenbusch, Walter
Walter Rauschenbusch was a clergyman and theology professor who led the Social Gospel movement in the United States.......
Relly, James
James Relly was a Welsh Methodist minister and revivalist who influenced the development of Universalism, a theological......
Renan, Ernest
Ernest Renan was a French philosopher, historian, and scholar of religion, a leader of the school of critical philosophy......
Richard of Saint-Victor
Richard of Saint-Victor was a Roman Catholic theologian whose treatises profoundly influenced medieval and modern......
Ritschl, Albrecht
Albrecht Ritschl was a German Lutheran theologian who showed both the religious and ethical relevance of the Christian......
Robinson, Edward
Edward Robinson was an American biblical scholar, considered the father of biblical geography. Robinson graduated......
Robinson, Henry Wheeler
Henry Wheeler Robinson was a notable Nonconformist English Baptist theologian and Old Testament scholar. Robinson......
Roscelin
Roscelin was a French philosopher and theologian known as the originator of an extreme form of nominalism holding......
Rosenzweig, Franz
Franz Rosenzweig was a German-Jewish religious Existentialist who, through his fresh handling of traditional religious......
Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio
Antonio Rosmini-Serbati was an Italian religious philosopher and founder of the Institute of Charity, or Rosminians,......
Rothe, Richard
Richard Rothe was a Lutheran theologian of the German idealist school, which held, in general, that reality is......
Rufinus, Tyrannius
Tyrannius Rufinus was a Roman priest, writer, theologian, and translator of Greek theological works into Latin......
Sabatier, Auguste
Auguste Sabatier was a French Protestant theologian and educator who helped popularize biblical interpretation......
Sarapion, Saint
Saint Sarapion ; feast day March 21; Coptic church March 7) was an Egyptian monk, theologian, and bishop of Thmuis,......
Sarpi, Paolo
Paolo Sarpi was an Italian patriot, scholar, and state theologian during Venice’s struggle with Pope Paul V. Between......
Schaff, Philip
Philip Schaff was a Swiss-born American ecumenical leader and theologian whose works, especially the Creeds of......
Schleiermacher, Friedrich
Friedrich Schleiermacher was a German theologian, preacher, and classical philologist, generally recognized as......
Schmucker, S.S.
S.S. Schmucker was a theologian and educator who was a principal exponent of the American Lutheran movement, which......
Schweitzer, Albert
Albert Schweitzer was an Alsatian-German theologian, philosopher, organist, and mission doctor in equatorial Africa,......
Schwenckfeld, Kaspar
Kaspar Schwenckfeld von Ossig was a German theologian, writer, and preacher who led the Protestant Reformation......
Semler, Johann Salomo
Johann Salomo Semler was a German Lutheran theologian who was a major figure in the development of biblical textual......
Sergeant, John
John Sergeant was an English Roman Catholic priest, notable for his criticisms of several of the leading thinkers......
Sergius
Sergius was a theologian and patriarch of Moscow and the Russian Orthodox church who, by his leadership in rallying......
Sergius I
Sergius I was a Greek Orthodox theologian and patriarch of Constantinople (610–638), one of the most forceful and......
Servetus, Michael
Michael Servetus was a Spanish physician and theologian whose unorthodox teachings led to his condemnation as a......
Severian Of Gabala
Severian Of Gabala was a bishop of Gabala (now Latakia, Syria), theologian and orator, principal opponent of the......
Severus of Antioch
Severus of Antioch was a Greek Christian monk-theologian, patriarch of Antioch, and miaphysite leader during the......
Shankara
Shankara was a philosopher and theologian, most renowned exponent of the Advaita Vedanta school of philosophy,......
Shenouda III
Shenouda III was the 117th pope of Alexandria and patriarch of the see of St. Mark. As the leader of the Coptic......
Shādhilī, al-
al-Shādhilī was a Sufi Muslim theologian who was the founder of the order of the Shādhilīyah. The details of al-Shādhilī’s......
Siegel, Seymour
Seymour Siegel was an American theologian who helped shape contemporary Conservative Jewish theology and who, with......
Smith, Sir George Adam
Sir George Adam Smith was a Scottish preacher and Semitic scholar who helped to make generally acceptable the higher......
Smith, William Robertson
William Robertson Smith was a Scottish Semitic scholar, encyclopaedist, and student of comparative religion and......
Socinus, Faustus
Faustus Socinus was an Italian theologian whose anti-Trinitarian theology was later influential in the development......
Socinus, Laelius
Laelius Socinus was an Italian theologian whose anti-Trinitarian views were developed into the doctrine of Socinianism......
Sophronius
Sophronius was the patriarch of Jerusalem, monk, and theologian who was the chief protagonist for orthodox teaching......
Sorbon, Robert de
Robert de Sorbon was a French theologian, confessor to King Louis IX, and founder of the Sorbonne, a collegiate......
Spener, Philipp Jakob
Philipp Jakob Spener was a theologian, author, and a leading figure in German Pietism, a movement among 17th- and......
Strauss, David Friedrich
David Friedrich Strauss was a controversial German-Protestant philosopher, theologian, and biographer whose use......
Streeter, Burnett Hillman
Burnett Hillman Streeter was an English theologian and biblical scholar, noted for his original contributions to......
Suhrawardī, as-
as-Suhrawardī was a mystic theologian and philosopher who was a leading figure of the illuminationist school of......
Suárez, Francisco
Francisco Suárez was a Spanish theologian and philosopher, a founder of international law, often considered the......
Swedenborg, Emanuel
Emanuel Swedenborg was a Swedish scientist, Christian mystic, philosopher, and theologian who wrote voluminously......
Tawadros II
Tawadros II is the 118th pope of Alexandria and patriarch of the see of St. Mark (2012– ) and leader of the Coptic......
Tennant, Frederick Robert
Frederick Robert Tennant was an English philosophical theologian, a powerful apologist with a wide range of interests......
Tertullian
Tertullian was an important early Christian theologian, polemicist, and moralist who, as the initiator of ecclesiastical......
Theodore Ascidas
Theodore Ascidas was a monk-theologian and archbishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, who was the leading advocate of......
Theodore Bar Konai
Theodore Bar Konai was a Syrian scholar and author of a noted collection of annotations on the entire Syriac Bible.......
Theodore Of Mopsuestia
Theodore Of Mopsuestia was a Syrian theologian, considered the greatest biblical interpreter of his time and the......
Theodore Of Rhaithu
Theodore Of Rhaithu was a theologian-monk of a monastery at Rhaithu, a port on the Sinai Peninsula, considered......
Theodoret Of Cyrrhus
Theodoret Of Cyrrhus was a Syrian theologian-bishop, representative of Antioch’s historico-critical school of biblical-theological......
Theodosius Of Alexandria
Theodosius Of Alexandria was a patriarch of Alexandria (535–566), theologian, and leader of the Monophysites in......
Theodotus, St
St. Theodotus ; feast day November 2) was a theologian, bishop of Ancyra, and a leading advocate of orthodoxy in......
Theodulf of Orléans
Theodulf of Orléans was a prelate, poet, and one of the leading theologians of the Frankish empire. A member of......
Theognostos
Theognostos was a Byzantine monk, theologian, and chronicler, coauthor of a report on the situation of the Eastern......
Theognostus Of Alexandria
Theognostus Of Alexandria was a Greek theologian, writer, and prominent head of Alexandria’s Catechetical school,......
Theoleptus Of Philadelphia
Theoleptus Of Philadelphia was a Greek Orthodox metropolitan of Philadelphia and theological polemicist and writer......
Theophanes the Confessor, Saint
Saint Theophanes the Confessor ; feast day March 12) was a Byzantine monk, theologian, and chronicler, and a principal......
Theophilus of Alexandria, Saint
Saint Theophilus of Alexandria ; feast day, Egyptian Coptic Church, October 15; in the Syrian Church, October 17)......
Theophylact of Ochrid
Theophylact of Ochrid was an Eastern Orthodox archbishop of Ochrid (modern Ohrid, North Macedonia), theologian......
Theōdūrus Abū Qurrah
Theōdūrus Abū Qurrah was a Syrian Melchite bishop, theologian, and linguist. He was an early exponent of cultural......
Thierry de Chartres
Thierry de Chartres was a French theologian, teacher, encyclopaedist, and one of the foremost thinkers of the 12th......
Thomas à Kempis
Thomas à Kempis was a Christian theologian, the probable author of Imitatio Christi (Imitation of Christ), a devotional......
Thorláksson, Gudbrandur
Gudbrandur Thorláksson was a Reformation scholar and Lutheran bishop who was responsible for the success of Lutheranism......
Thurman, Howard
Howard Thurman was an American Baptist preacher and theologian, the first African American dean of chapel at a......
Tiele, Cornelis Petrus
Cornelis Petrus Tiele was a Dutch theologian and scholar, whose influence on the comparative study of religion,......
Tillich, Paul
Paul Tillich was a German-born American theologian and philosopher whose discussions of God and faith illuminated......
Tok Kenali
Tok Kenali was a Malay theologian and teacher who became the archetype of the rural Malay religious teacher (alim),......
Torrey, Charles Cutler
Charles Cutler Torrey was a U.S. Semitic scholar who held independent and stimulating views on certain biblical......
Troeltsch, Ernst
Ernst Troeltsch was a German scholar of considerable influence on younger theologians of his time for his insistence......