Theologians & Religious Scholars, GEN-JOH
Theologians and religious scholars have influenced the beliefs, teachings, and traditions of world religions throughout history. Learn more about theologians and religious thinkers from Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and other faiths.
Theologians & Religious Scholars Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Gennadius Of Marseilles
Gennadius Of Marseilles was a theologian-priest whose work De viris illustribus (“On Famous Men”) constitutes the......
Gerard, St.
St. Gerard ; feast day September 24) was a Venetian Benedictine monk, one of the chief Christian evangelizers of......
Gerhard, Johann
Johann Gerhard was a leading German Protestant theologian, biblical scholar, renowned polemicist, author of the......
Gerlach, Otto von
Otto von Gerlach was a Prussian Lutheran theologian and educator, younger brother of Leopold and Ludwig von Gerlach.......
Germanus I, Saint
Saint Germanus I ; feast day May 12) was a Byzantine patriarch of Constantinople and theologian who led the orthodox......
Gerson, Jean de
Jean de Gerson was a theologian and Christian mystic, leader of the conciliar movement for church reform that ended......
Gesenius, Wilhelm
Wilhelm Gesenius was a German biblical critic and an important figure in Hebrew and other Semitic language studies.......
Ghazālī, al-
al-Ghazālī was a Muslim theologian and mystic whose great work, Iḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīnIḥyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn (“The Revival......
Gilbert Crispin
Gilbert Crispin was an English cleric, biblical exegete, and proponent of the thought of St. Anselm of Canterbury.......
Giles of Rome
Giles of Rome was a Scholastic theologian, philosopher, logician, archbishop, and general and intellectual leader......
Ginsburg, Christian David
Christian David Ginsburg was a Hebrew and biblical scholar who was the foremost authority in England on the Masorah......
Gioberti, Vincenzo
Vincenzo Gioberti was an Italian philosopher, politician, and premier of Sardinia-Piedmont (1848–49), whose writings......
Glycas, Michael
Michael Glycas was a Byzantine historian, theologian, and poet, author of a world chronicle and learned theological......
Godfrey Of Fontaines
Godfrey Of Fontaines was a French Aristotelian philosopher and theologian prominent in the medieval controversy......
Godfrey of Saint-Victor
Godfrey of Saint-Victor was a French monk, philosopher, theologian, and poet whose writings summarized an early......
Gomarus, Franciscus
Franciscus Gomarus was a Calvinist theologian and university professor whose disputes with his more liberal colleague......
Goodspeed, Edgar J.
Edgar J. Goodspeed was an American biblical scholar and linguist, and a contributor to the Revised Standard Version......
Goodwin, John
John Goodwin was a prominent English Puritan theologian and leader of the “New Arminians.” Educated at Queen’s......
Gore, Charles
Charles Gore was an English theologian, Anglican bishop, and an exponent of the liberal tendency within the Anglo-Catholic......
Gottschalk Of Orbais
Gottschalk Of Orbais was a monk, poet, and theologian whose teachings on predestination shook the Roman Catholic......
Gregory IX
Gregory IX was one of the most vigorous of the 13th-century popes (reigned 1227–41), a canon lawyer, theologian,......
Gregory of Nazianzus, St
St. Gregory of Nazianzus ; Eastern feast day January 25 and 30; Western feast day January 2) was a 4th-century......
Gregory of Nyssa, Saint
Saint Gregory of Nyssa ; feast day March 9) was a philosophical theologian and mystic, leader of the orthodox party......
Gregory Of Rimini
Gregory Of Rimini was an Italian Christian philosopher and theologian whose subtle synthesis of moderate nominalism......
Gregory of Sinai
Gregory of Sinai was a Greek Orthodox monk, theologian, and mystic, the most prominent medieval advocate of Hesychasm,......
Gregory the Great, St
St. Gregory the Great ; Western feast day, September 3 [formerly March 12, still observed in the East]) was the......
Gressmann, Hugo
Hugo Gressmann was a German Old Testament scholar who was a prominent advocate of the religio-historical approach.......
Griesbach, Johann Jakob
Johann Jakob Griesbach was a rationalist Protestant German theologian, the earliest biblical critic to subject......
Grundtvig, N.F.S.
N.F.S. Grundtvig was a Danish bishop and poet, founder of Grundtvigianism, a theological movement that revitalized......
Gunkel, Hermann
Hermann Gunkel was a German Old Testament scholar who was one of the first to develop the method of biblical criticism......
Gutiérrez, Gustavo
Gustavo Gutiérrez was a Roman Catholic theologian and Dominican priest who is considered the father of liberation......
Gülen, Fethullah
Fethullah Gülen was a Turkish Islamic scholar and spiritual leader of a movement for social and civic reform, known......
Haetzer, Ludwig
Ludwig Haetzer was an Anabaptist, iconoclast, and Reformer. After studies at Freiburg im Breisgau, Haetzer was......
Hamadānī, al-
al-Hamadānī was a mystic Persian theologian responsible for the propagation of the Kubrāwīyah order of Sufis (Islamic......
Hamann, Johann Georg
Johann Georg Hamann was a German Protestant thinker, fideist, and friend of the philosopher Immanuel Kant. His......
Harnack, Adolf von
Adolf von Harnack was a German theologian and historian; he was recognized also for his scientific endeavours.......
Hartshorne, Charles
Charles Hartshorne was an American philosopher, theologian, and educator known as the most influential proponent......
Hengstenberg, Ernst Wilhelm
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg was a German theologian who defended Lutheran orthodoxy against the rationalism pervading......
Henry of Ghent
Henry of Ghent was a Scholastic philosopher and theologian, one of the most illustrious teachers of his time, who......
Herder, Johann Gottfried von
Johann Gottfried von Herder was a German critic, theologian, and philosopher, who was the leading figure of the......
Hergenröther, Joseph
Joseph Hergenröther was a German theologian and church historian who, at the first Vatican Council (1869–70), was......
Hermes, Georg
Georg Hermes was a German Roman Catholic theologian, originator of the theological system called Hermesianism,......
Herrmann, Wilhelm
Wilhelm Herrmann was a liberal German Protestant theologian who taught that faith should be grounded in the direct......
Hertz, Joseph Herman
Joseph Herman Hertz was the chief rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth and author of books......
Herzog, Johann Jakob
Johann Jakob Herzog was a German Protestant theologian, professor of church history (University of Halle, 1847–54)......
Heschel, Abraham Joshua
Abraham Joshua Heschel was a Jewish theologian and philosopher, noted for his presentation of the prophetic and......
Hesychius Of Jerusalem
Hesychius Of Jerusalem was a priest-monk, renowned in the Eastern Church as a theologian, biblical commentator,......
Hilary of Poitiers, St
St. Hilary of Poitiers ; feast day January 13) was a Gallo-Roman theologian who, as bishop of Poitiers (in what......
Hillel
Hillel was a Jewish sage, foremost master of biblical commentary and interpreter of Jewish tradition in his time.......
Hincmar of Reims
Hincmar of Reims was an archbishop, canon lawyer, and theologian, the most influential political counselor and......
Hippolytus of Rome, Saint
Saint Hippolytus of Rome ; Western feast day August 13, Eastern feast day January 30) was a Christian martyr who......
Hobart, John Henry
John Henry Hobart was a U.S. educator, publisher, author, and bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church whose emphasis......
Hodge, Charles
Charles Hodge was a conservative American biblical scholar and a leader of the “Princeton School” of Reformed,......
Hontheim, Johann Nikolaus von
Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim was a historian and theologian who founded Febronianism, the German form of Gallicanism,......
Hooker, Richard
Richard Hooker was a theologian who created a distinctive Anglican theology and who was a master of English prose......
Hopkins, Mark
Mark Hopkins was an American educator and theologian of whom U.S. President James A. Garfield, a former student,......
Hopkins, Samuel
Samuel Hopkins was an American theologian and writer who was one of the first Congregationalists to oppose slavery.......
Hort, Fenton J A
Fenton J. A. Hort was an English New Testament scholar who produced, with Brooke Foss Westcott, a major critical......
Hosius, Stanislaus
Stanislaus Hosius was a Polish cardinal, one of the most significant figures of the Counter-Reformation. Consecrated......
Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn Clement, 13th Baronet
Sir Edwyn Clement Hoskyns, 13th Baronet was an Anglican biblical scholar and theologian. Educated at Jesus College,......
Hugh of Saint-Cher
Hugh of Saint-Cher was a French cardinal and biblical commentator best known for his work in correcting and indexing......
Hugh of Saint-Victor
Hugh of Saint-Victor was an eminent scholastic theologian who began the tradition of mysticism that made the school......
Humbert of Silva Candida
Humbert of Silva Candida was a cardinal, papal legate, and theologian whose ideas advanced the 11th-century ecclesiastical......
Hus, Jan
Jan Hus was the most important 15th-century Czech religious reformer, whose work was transitional between the medieval......
Ibn Abī al-Rijāl, Aḥmad
Aḥmad Ibn Abī al-Rijāl was a Yemeni scholar and theologian, who is the best source of historical information on......
Ibn Abī ʿAṣrūn
Ibn Abī ʿAṣrūn was a scholar who became a leading Shāfiʿī (one of the four schools of Islamic law) theologian and......
Ibn al-Jawzī
Ibn al-Jawzī was a jurist, theologian, historian, preacher, and teacher who became an important figure in the Baghdad......
Ibn Bābawayh
Ibn Bābawayh was an Islamic theologian, author of one of the "Four Books" that are the basic authorities for the......
ibn Daud, Abraham ben David Halevi
Abraham ben David Halevi ibn Daud was a physician and historian who was the first Jewish philosopher to draw on......
ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir
Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra was a poet, grammarian, traveller, Neoplatonic philosopher, and astronomer, best known......
Ibn Kathīr
Ibn Kathīr was a Muslim theologian and historian who became one of the leading intellectual figures of 14th-century......
Ibn Taymiyyah
Ibn Taymiyyah was one of Islam’s most forceful theologians, who, as a member of the Ḥanbalī school founded by Aḥmad......
Ibn ʿAbbād
Ibn ʿAbbād was an Islamic theologian who became the leading mystical thinker of North Africa in the 14th century.......
Ibn ʿAqīl
Ibn ʿAqīl was an Islamic theologian and scholar of the Ḥanbalī school, the most traditionalist of the schools of......
Ibn Ḥazm
Ibn Ḥazm was a Muslim litterateur, historian, jurist, and theologian of Islamic Spain, famed for his literary productivity,......
Inge, William Ralph
William Ralph Inge was a British divine, Christian Platonist, and dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral, London. He was......
Ireland, John
John Ireland was the first archbishop of St. Paul; head of the liberal Roman Catholic clergy who promoted the integration......
Irenaeus, St
St. Irenaeus ; Western feast day June 28; Eastern feast day August 23) was the bishop of Lugdunum (Lyon), an Apologist,......
Isaac of Antioch
Isaac of Antioch was a Syrian writer, probably a priest of an independent Syrian Christian church and author of......
Isaac of Nineveh
Isaac of Nineveh, was a Syrian bishop, theologian, and monk whose writings on mysticism became a fundamental source......
Isaac Of Stella
Isaac Of Stella was a monk, philosopher, and theologian, a leading thinker in 12th-century Christian humanism and......
Ishmael ben Elisha
Ishmael ben Elisha was a Jewish tanna (Talmudic teacher) and sage who left an enduring imprint on Talmudic literature......
Isidore Of Kiev
Isidore Of Kiev was a Greek Orthodox patriarch of Russia, Roman cardinal, Humanist, and theologian who strove for......
Isidore of Sevilla, St
St. Isidore of Sevilla ; canonized 1598; feast day April 4) was a Spanish theologian, archbishop, and encyclopedist......
Jablonski, Daniel Ernst
Daniel Ernst Jablonski was a Protestant theologian who worked for a unification of Lutherans and Calvinists. Jablonski......
Jacob of Edessa
Jacob of Edessa was a distinguished Christian theologian, historian, philosopher, exegete, and grammarian, who......
James, Henry
Henry James was an American philosophical theologian, the father of the novelist Henry James and the philosopher......
Jansen, Cornelius Otto
Cornelius Otto Jansen was a Flemish leader of the Roman Catholic reform movement known as Jansenism. He wrote biblical......
Jerome of Prague
Jerome of Prague was a Czech philosopher and theologian whose advocacy of sweeping religious reform in the Western......
Jerome, St
St. Jerome ; feast day September 30) was a biblical translator and monastic leader, traditionally regarded as the......
Joachim Of Fiore
Joachim Of Fiore was an Italian mystic, theologian, biblical commentator, philosopher of history, and founder of......
Johanan ben Zakkai
Johanan ben Zakkai was a Jewish sage (tanna), founder of an academy and an authoritative rabbinic body located......
John IV of Odzun
John IV of Odzun was an Armenian Orthodox catholicos (supreme head of the Armenian Church), a learned theologian......
John of Damascus, St
St. John of Damascus ; Eastern and Western feast day December 4) was an Eastern Christian monk and theologian whose......
John of Jerusalem
John of Jerusalem was a theologian and bishop, a strong advocate of the Platonistic Alexandrian tradition during......
John Of Mirecourt
John Of Mirecourt was a French Cistercian monk, philosopher, and theologian whose skepticism about certitude in......
John of Paris
John of Paris was a Dominican monk, philosopher, and theologian who advanced important ideas concerning papal authority......
John of Saint Thomas
John of Saint Thomas was a philosopher and theologian whose comprehensive commentaries on Roman Catholic doctrine......
John Of Scythopolis
John Of Scythopolis was a Byzantine theologian and bishop of Scythopolis, in Palestine (c. 536–550), whose various......
John Scholasticus
John Scholasticus was the patriarch of Constantinople (as John III), theologian, and ecclesiastical jurist whose......