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Painting, ISL-PAL

Need help distinguishing your Picassos from your Monets? Learn about history’s celebrated painters and the different styles, techniques, mediums, and forms that have been used to create such unique visual images as Salvador Dalí’s melting clock and the ever-shifting eyes of Leonardo da Vinci’s enigmatic Mona Lisa.
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Painting Encyclopedia Articles By Title

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Island of the Dead
Island of the Dead, oil painting on wood that was created in 1886 by Swiss artist Arnold Böcklin, who was known......
Italianate painters
Italianate painters, group of 17th-century northern European painters, principally Dutch, who traveled in Italy......
Jack of Diamonds
Jack of Diamonds, group of artists founded in Moscow in 1910 whose members were for the next few years the leading......
Jacobean age
Jacobean age, (from Latin Jacobus, “James”), period of visual and literary arts during the reign of James I of......
Jalāyirid school
Jalāyirid school, school of miniature painting that flourished in Baghdad, Iraq, under the Jalāyirids, a local......
Japanese Footbridge, The
The Japanese Footbridge, oil-on-canvas painting by Claude Monet of the Japanese-style footbridge that was the focal......
Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1
Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1, oil painting created in 1932 by pioneering American artist Georgia O’Keeffe. The......
Jinbi shanshui
Jinbi shanshui, style of Chinese landscape painting during the Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) dynasties. In this......
John Wayne Gacy’s Artwork
Few criminals in American history have inspired as much horror—and morbid fascination—as John Wayne Gacy. Convicted......
Judgment of Cambyses
Judgment of Cambyses, one side of a two-part altarpiece that was commissioned by the city of Brugge and painted......
Judith Beheading Holofernes
Judith Beheading Holofernes, oil painting created in 1620 by Italian artist Artemisia Gentileschi. This is one......
Jupiter and Io
Jupiter and Io, oil painting created by Italian Renaissance artist Correggio about 1530 as part of a series depicting......
Kalighat painting
Kalighat painting, short-lived style of watercolour painting produced in the 19th century in India by artists in......
Kanƍ school
Kanƍ school, family of artists whose painting style dominated Japanese art from the 15th to the 19th century. For......
Kara-e
Kara-e, 618–907). It was chiefly composed of imaginative landscapes in the Chinese manner and illustrations of......
Kishangarh painting
Kishangarh painting, 18th-century school of the Rājasthanī style of Indian painting that arose in the princely......
La Primavera
La Primavera, large tempera painting on a poplar wood panel by Sandro Botticelli. It is believed to have been executed......
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, oil painting long attributed to the Flemish artist Pieter Bruegel, the Elder,......
Las Meninas
Las Meninas, oil painting by Spanish artist Diego VelĂĄzquez from 1656. Few works have excited more debate than......
Last Judgment, The
The Last Judgment, fresco by Michelangelo completed 1536–41. The Last Judgment is generally regarded as one of......
Last Supper
Last Supper, one of the most famous artworks in the world, painted by Leonardo da Vinci probably between 1495 and......
Last Supper: At a Glance
The Last Supper, Italian Cenacolo, is a wall painting made by Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci, probably between......
Le DĂ©jeuner sur l’herbe
Le DĂ©jeuner sur l’herbe, large oil painting by French artist Édouard Manet that was completed in 1863. It was rejected......
Liberty Leading the People
Liberty Leading the People, oil painting (1830) by French artist EugĂšne Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution......
List of Unfinished Works
On an autumn day in 1797, Samuel Taylor Coleridge began writing the poem “Kubla Khan,” which he claimed to have......
London Group
London Group, English artists’ association founded in November 1913 for the purpose of joint exhibition. The London......
Louis XIII style
Louis XIII style, visual arts produced in France during the reign of Louis XIII (1601–43). Louis was but a child......
Louis XIV style
Louis XIV style, visual arts produced in France during the reign of Louis XIV (1638–1715). The man most influential......
Louis XV style
Louis XV style, in the decorative arts, a Rococo style characterized by the superior craftsmanship of 18th-century......
Louis XVI style
Louis XVI style, visual arts produced in France during the reign (1774–93) of Louis XVI, which was actually both......
Luminism
Luminism, late 19th-century painting style emphasizing a unique clarity of light. It was characteristic of the......
Luncheon of the Boating Party
Luncheon of the Boating Party, oil painting created in 1880–81 by French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Exhibited......
L’Absinthe
L’Absinthe, oil painting created by French Impressionist artist Edgar Degas in 1875–76. Its shocking subject, a......
L’AngĂ©lus
L’AngĂ©lus, oil painting created in 1857–59 by French artist Jean-François Millet, celebrated painter of peasant......
L’Origine du Monde
L’Origine du Monde, realist oil painting depicting a woman’s genitalia that was created by French artist Gustave......
Ma-Xia school
Ma-Xia school, group of Chinese landscape artists that used a style of painting named after Ma Yuan and Xia Gui,......
Macchiaioli
Macchiaioli, group of 19th-century Florentine and Neopolitan painters who reacted against the rule-bound Italian......
MacDowell
MacDowell, retreat for artists, the oldest and among the largest artistic programs in the United States. It was......
Madame X
Madame X, oil painting created by Italian-born American artist John Singer Sargent in 1884. Sargent, who was largely......
Madonna Surrounded by Seraphim and Cherubim
Madonna Surrounded by Seraphim and Cherubim, painting that was made as the right-hand panel of The Melun Diptych,......
Madonna with the Long Neck
Madonna with the Long Neck, oil-on-panel painting by Italian artist Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola),......
MaestĂ 
MaestĂ , double-sided altarpieces executed for the cathedral of Siena by the Italian painter Duccio. The first version......
Malwa painting
Malwa painting, 17th-century school of Rājasthanī miniature painting centred largely in Mālwa and Bundelkhand (in......
Mansions in the Mountains
Mansions in the Mountains, ink and color painting on silk created by the 10th-century Chinese artist Dong Yuan.......
Marriage of the Virgin, The
The Marriage of the Virgin, oil painting, also known as Lo Sposalizio, that was created in 1504 by Italian Renaissance......
Mauritshuis
Mauritshuis, museum in The Hague especially noted for its Flemish and Dutch paintings from the 15th to the 17th......
Mayan Procession Scene
Mayan Procession Scene, Mayan fresco created by unknown artists about 790 CE in the ancient Mayan city of Bonampak,......
Memory, the Heart
Memory, the Heart, self-portrait created in 1937 by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. Kahlo produced more than 55 self-portraits,......
Metaphysical painting
Metaphysical painting, style of painting that flourished mainly between 1911 and 1920 in the works of the Italian......
Mewar painting
Mewar painting, one of the most important schools of Indian miniature painting of the 17th and 18th centuries.......
Miniature painting
Miniature painting, small, finely wrought portrait executed on vellum, prepared card, copper, or ivory. The name......
Minimalism
Minimalism, chiefly American movement in the visual arts and music originating in New York City in the late 1960s......
Modern Art, Gallery of
Gallery of Modern Art, in Florence, Italy, museum of Italian painting and sculpture of the 19th and 20th centuries......
Mona Lisa
Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci, probably the world’s most famous painting.......
Monarch of the Glen, The
The Monarch of the Glen, painting created in 1851 by English artist Sir Edwin Landseer. It went on to become the......
Monk by the Sea
Monk by the Sea, painting in oil on canvas created by German artist Caspar David Friedrich between 1808 and 1810.......
Mont Sainte-Victoire
Mont Sainte-Victoire, oil painting created in 1902–04 by French artist Paul CĂ©zanne, one of more than 80 works......
Mosan school
Mosan school, regional style of Romanesque manuscript illumination, metalwork, and enamelwork that flourished in......
Moscow school
Moscow school, major school of late medieval Russian icon and mural painting that flourished in Moscow from about......
Mosul school
Mosul school, in painting, a style of miniature painting that developed in northern Iraq in the late 12th to early......
Mr. and Mrs. Andrews
Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, oil painting created about 1750 by English artist Thomas Gainsborough. It has been called......
Mughal painting
Mughal painting, style of painting that evolved in India during the reigns of the Mughal emperors, who ruled from......
Muller
Muller, in painting, an instrument used in conjunction with a slab to grind artists’ colours by hand. The modern......
Mural
Mural, a painting applied to and made integral with the surface of a wall or ceiling. The term may properly include......
Nabis
Nabis, group of artists who, through their widely diverse activities, exerted a major influence on the art produced......
Naked Maja, The
The Naked Maja, oil painting created about 1795–1800 by influential Spanish artist Francisco Goya. This famously......
Nan-ga
Nan-ga, (“Literati Painting”), style of painting practiced by numerous Japanese painters of the 18th and 19th centuries.......
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Napoleon Crossing the Alps, oil equestrian portrait by celebrated French artist Jacques-Louis David that was completed......
Narcissus
Narcissus, oil painting by Caravaggio (byname of Michelangelo Merisi) created between 1597 and 1599. It belongs......
National Gallery
National Gallery, in Oslo, Norwegian national art museum, built in 1836 and enlarged in 1903–07, devoted primarily......
Nazarene
Nazarene, one of an association formed by a number of young German painters in 1809 to return to the medieval spirit......
Neo-Expressionism
Neo-Expressionism, diverse art movement (chiefly of painters) that dominated the art market in Europe and the United......
Neo-Impressionism
Neo-Impressionism, movement in French painting of the late 19th century that reacted against the empirical realism......
Neo-Impressionism: What Was the Point?
Neo-Impressionism, literally “new Impressionism,” was an avant-garde art movement that fell under the larger Post-Impressionism......
Neoclassical art
Neoclassical art, a widespread and influential movement in painting and the other visual arts that began in the......
Neue KĂŒnstlervereinigung
Neue KĂŒnstlervereinigung (NKV), exhibiting group founded in Munich, Germany, in 1909 by Wassily Kandinsky, Alexey......
Neue Sachlichkeit
Neue Sachlichkeit, (German: New Objectivity), a group of German artists in the 1920s whose works were executed......
New South Wales, Art Gallery of
Art Gallery of New South Wales, art museum founded in Sydney in 1874 with a grant from the government. The original......
New York school
New York school, those painters who participated in the development of contemporary art from the early 1940s in......
Night Watch, The
The Night Watch, oil on canvas by Rembrandt van Rijn completed in 1642. The painting is to the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam......
Nighthawks
Nighthawks, painting by Edward Hopper completed in 1942, and one of the most immediately recognizable works of......
Nise-e
Nise-e, (Japanese: “likeness painting”), form of sketchy portraiture that became fashionable in the court circles......
Nishiki-e
Nishiki-e, Japanese polychrome woodblock prints of the ukiyo-e school that were first made in 1765. The invention......
Nocturne in Black and Gold, the Falling Rocket
Nocturne in Black and Gold, the Falling Rocket, oil painting created about 1875 by American-born artist James McNeill......
Noli Me Tangere
Noli Me Tangere, fresco painted by early Renaissance Italian artist Fra Angelico in 1440–41 in one of the monks’......
Norwich school
Norwich school, significant group of English regional landscape painters that was established in 1803 as the Norwich......
Novembergruppe
Novembergruppe, group of artists from many media formed in Berlin in December 1918 by Max Pechstein and CĂ©sar Klein.......
Novgorod school
Novgorod school, important school of Russian medieval icon and mural painting that flourished around the northwestern......
Nude (1917)
Nude (1917), oil painting created in 1917 by Italian painter and sculptor Amedeo Modigliani, one of dozens of nudes......
Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2)
Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2), oil painting created in 1912 by French artist Marcel Duchamp. The painting......
Oath of the Horatii
Oath of the Horatii, oil painting by French artist Jacques-Louis David that was completed in 1785. The work, depicting......
Ohara
Ohara, Japanese school of floral art, founded by Ohara Unshin in the early 20th century, which introduced the moribana......
Oil painting
Oil painting, painting in oil colours, a medium consisting of pigments suspended in drying oils. The outstanding......
Olympia
Olympia, oil painting by groundbreaking French artist Édouard Manet, created in 1863. The painting aroused shock......
Ophelia
Ophelia, oil painting that was created in 1851–52 by John Everett Millais and first exhibited at the Royal Academy......
Orphism
Orphism, in the visual arts, a trend in abstract art spearheaded by Robert Delaunay that derived from Cubism and......
Pahari painting
Pahari painting, style of miniature painting and book illustration that developed in the independent states of......
Painting
Painting, the expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two-dimensional......
painting, Western
Western painting, history of Western painting from its beginnings in prehistoric times to the present. Painting,......
Pala art
Pala art, artistic style that flourished in what are now the states of Bihar and West Bengal, India, and in what......

Painting Encyclopedia Articles By Title

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