Military Leaders, MIR-NIV
Meet the military leaders whose strategy, daring, and command on the battlefield altered wars, empires, and the fate of nations.
Military Leaders Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Miramón, Miguel
Miguel Miramón was a Mexican soldier and politician, the leader of the forces that briefly established Maximilian......
Mitchell, William
William Mitchell was a U.S. Army officer who early advocated a separate U.S. air force and greater preparedness......
Mithradates VI Eupator
Mithradates VI Eupator was the king of Pontus in northern Anatolia (120–63 bce). Under his energetic leadership,......
Mitre, Bartolomé
Bartolomé Mitre was an Argentine politician, soldier, and author who, as president of Argentina, was instrumental......
Mitscher, Marc A.
Marc A. Mitscher was a U.S. naval officer who commanded the aircraft carriers of Task Force 58 in the Pacific area......
Miyamoto Musashi
Miyamoto Musashi was a famous Japanese soldier-artist of the early Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867). Musashi began......
Mladić, Ratko
Ratko Mladić was a Bosnian Serb military leader who commanded the Bosnian Serb army during the Bosnian conflict......
Model, Walther
Walther Model was a German field marshal during World War II. Model entered the German army in 1909, held various......
Mohmand, Abdul Ahad
Abdul Ahad Mohmand was an Afghan pilot and cosmonaut, the first Afghan citizen to travel into space. Mohmand was......
Moltke, Helmuth von
Helmuth von Moltke was the chief of the German General Staff at the outbreak of World War I. His modification of......
Moltke, Helmuth von
Helmuth von Moltke was the chief of the Prussian and German General Staff (1858–88) and the architect of the victories......
Monash, Sir John
Sir John Monash was a civil engineer and soldier, best known for his role as commander of the Australian army corps......
Monck, George, 1st duke of Albemarle
George Monck, 1st duke of Albemarle was an English general who fought in Ireland and Scotland during the English......
Monluc, Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, Seigneur de
Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Monluc was a soldier, a marshal of France from 1574, known for his great......
Monmouth, James Scott, duke of, duke of Buccleuch, earl of Doncaster, earl of Dalkeith, Baron Scott of Tindale, Lord Scott of Whitchester and Eskdale
James Scott, duke of Monmouth was a claimant to the English throne who led an unsuccessful rebellion against King......
Monroe, James
James Monroe was the fifth president of the United States (1817–25), who issued an important contribution to U.S.......
Monson, Sir William
Sir William Monson was an English naval officer best-known for his Naval Tracts. He entered Balliol College, Oxford,......
Montausier, Charles de Saint-Maure, duc de
Charles de Saint-Maure, duke de Montausier was a French army officer, man of letters and chief tutor of King Louis......
Montcalm, Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Grozon, marquis de
Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Grozon, marquis de Montcalm was a general who served as commander in chief of French forces......
Montecuccoli, Raimondo
Raimondo Montecuccoli was a field marshal and military reformer, a master of the warfare based on fortifications......
Montgomery, Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount
Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery was a British field marshal and one of the outstanding Allied commanders......
Montmorency, Anne, Duke de
Anne, duke de Montmorency was a constable of France who was powerful during the reigns of Francis I, Henry II,......
Montmorency, Mathieu II, Baron de
Mathieu II, baron de Montmorency was a French noble prominent in the service of three kings. Montmorency first......
Montrose, James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of, Earl of Kincardine, Lord Graham and Mugdock
James Graham, 5th Earl and 1st Marquess of Montrose was a Scottish general who won a series of spectacular victories......
Moore, Sir John
Sir John Moore was a British lieutenant general who led a famous retreat to La Coruña (December 1808–January 1809)......
Morales Bermúdez, Francisco
Francisco Morales Bermúdez was a Peruvian general and politician who was president of Peru in 1975–80. Morales,......
Moray, Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of
Thomas Randolph, 1st earl of Moray was the nephew of King Robert I the Bruce of Scotland and a leading military......
Moreau, Victor
Victor Moreau was a leading French general of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–99); he later became a bitter......
Morgan, Daniel
Daniel Morgan was a general in the American Revolution (1775–83) who won an important victory against the British......
Morgan, Frederick Edgeworth
Frederick Edgeworth Morgan was a British army officer who was the original planner of Operation Overlord, code......
Morgan, John
John Morgan was a pioneer of American medical education, surgeon general of the Continental armies during the American......
Morgan, John Hunt
John Hunt Morgan was a Confederate guerrilla leader of “Morgan’s Raiders,” best known for his July 1863 attacks......
Morison, Samuel Eliot
Samuel Eliot Morison was an American biographer and historian who re-created in vivid prose notable maritime stories......
Morrison, David
David Morrison is an Australian military officer who, while serving as chief of army (2011–15) for the Australian......
Mortier, Édouard-Adolphe-Casimir-Joseph, Duc De Trevise
Édouard-Adolphe-Casimir-Joseph Mortier, duke de Trevise was a French general, one of Napoleon’s marshals, who also......
Mosby, John Singleton
John Singleton Mosby was a Confederate ranger whose guerrilla band frequently attacked and disrupted Union supply......
Moshoeshoe
Moshoeshoe was the founder and first paramount chief of the Sotho (Basuto, Basotho) nation. One of the most successful......
Moultrie, William
William Moultrie was an American general who resisted British incursions into the South during the American Revolution......
Mountbatten (of Burma), Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, Baron Romsey of Romsey
Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten was a British statesman, naval leader, and the last viceroy of India. He......
Mountbatten-Windsor, Andrew
Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor is the third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh, and the......
Mozhaysky, Aleksandr Fyodorovich
Aleksandr Fyodorovich Mozhaysky was a Russian naval officer and early experimenter with winged flying machines.......
Mubarak, Hosni
Hosni Mubarak was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as president of Egypt from October 1981......
Muhallab ibn Abī Ṣufrā, al-
al-Muhallab ibn Abī Ṣufrā was an Arab general in the service of the Umayyad caliphate and an important participant......
Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah was an ineffective, pleasure-seeking Mughal emperor of India from 1719 to 1748. Roshan Akhtar was......
Mukerjee, Subroto
Subroto Mukerjee was an Indian military officer and the first Indian commander of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Mukerjee......
Mulcahy, Richard James
Richard James Mulcahy was the chief of staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), a member of the Irish Republican......
Mullen, Mike
Mike Mullen is a U.S. Navy admiral who served as the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (2007–11). Mullen graduated......
Mummius, Lucius
Lucius Mummius was a Roman statesman and general who crushed the uprising of the Achaean Confederacy against Roman......
Munir, Asim
Asim Munir is a Pakistani military officer who has served as the chief of Army Staff of Pakistan since November......
Murad I
Murad I was an Ottoman sultan who ruled from 1360 to 1389. Murad’s reign witnessed rapid Ottoman expansion in Anatolia......
Murad II
Murad II was an Ottoman sultan (1421–44 and 1446–51) who expanded and consolidated Ottoman rule in the Balkans,......
Murat, Joachim
Joachim Murat was a French cavalry leader who was one of Napoleon’s most celebrated marshals and who, as king of......
Muravyov-Apostol, Sergey Ivanovich
Sergey Ivanovich Muravyov-Apostol was a Russian army officer and republican, executed for his leading role in the......
Murphy, Audie
Audie Murphy was an American war hero and actor who was one of the most-decorated U.S. soldiers of World War II.......
Murray, James
James Murray was a British soldier who was military and civilian governor of Quebec in 1760–68. Murray joined the......
Murray, Lord George
Lord George Murray was a Scottish Jacobite, one of the ablest of the generals who fought for Charles Edward, the......
Musharraf, Pervez
Pervez Musharraf was a Pakistani military officer who took power in a coup in 1999. He served as president of Pakistan......
Mustafa II
Mustafa II was an Ottoman sultan from 1695 to 1703, whose determination to regain territories lost after the unsuccessful......
Mustafa III
Mustafa III was an Ottoman sultan (1757–74) who attempted governmental and military reforms to halt the empire’s......
Muwatallis
Muwatallis was a Hittite king during the New Kingdom (reigned c. 1320–c. 1294 bc). Muwatallis was the son and successor......
Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām
Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām was the Ghūrid conqueror of the north Indian plain; he was one of the founders of......
Muḥammad I Askia
Muḥammad I Askia was a West African statesman and military leader who usurped the throne of the Songhai empire......
Münnich, Burkhard Christoph, count von
Burkhard Christoph, count von Münnich was a military officer and statesman who was one of the major political figures......
Nagano Osami
Nagano Osami was a Japanese admiral who planned and ordered the attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor,......
Naguib, Muḥammad
Muḥammad Naguib was an Egyptian army officer and statesman who played a prominent role in the revolutionary overthrow......
Nana
Nana was a Chiricahua Apache Indian warrior who was one of the leaders in the Apaches’ final resistance against......
Napier, Robert Napier, 1st Baron
Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier was a British field marshal who had a distinguished military and civil engineering......
Napier, Sir Charles James
Sir Charles James Napier was a British general, who conquered (1843) Sind (now in Pakistan) and served as its governor......
Napier, Sir Charles, Count Napier de São Vicente
Sir Charles Napier, Count Napier de São Vicente was an admiral in the Portuguese and British navies, the controversial......
Napier, Sir William Francis Patrick
Sir William Francis Patrick Napier was a British general and historian who fought in the Napoleonic Wars, particularly......
Napoleon I
Napoleon I was a French general, First Consul (1799–1804), emperor of France (1804–1814/15), and one of the most......
Napoleon III
Napoleon III was the nephew of Napoleon I, president of the Second Republic of France (1850–52), and then emperor......
Napoleon’s major battles
From the Siege of Toulon (August 28–December 19, 1793) to the Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815), Napoleon shaped......
Naresuan
Naresuan was the king of Siam (1590–1605), regarded as a national hero by the Thai people for having liberated......
Narses
Narses was a Byzantine general under Emperor Justinian I; his greatest achievement was the conquest of the Ostrogothic......
Narváez, Ramón María, duque de Valencia
Ramón María Narváez, duke de Valencia was a Spanish general and conservative political leader, who supported Queen......
Nasser, Gamal Abdel
Gamal Abdel Nasser was an Egyptian army officer, prime minister (1954–56), and then president (1956–70) of Egypt......
Navarro, Pedro, conde de Olivetto
Pedro Navarro, count de Olivetto was a Spanish military engineer and general who fought for various countries and......
Ne Win, U
U Ne Win was a Burmese general who was the leader of Burma (now Myanmar) from 1962 to 1988. Shu Maung studied at......
Nearchus
Nearchus was an officer in the Macedonian army under Alexander the Great who, on Alexander’s orders, sailed from......
Nebuchadrezzar I
Nebuchadrezzar I was the most famous Babylonian king (reigned 1119–1098 bce) of the 2nd dynasty of the Isin. In......
Nelson, Horatio
Horatio Nelson was a British naval commander in the wars with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, who won crucial......
Nemours, Jacques de Savoie, duc de,, Comte De Genevois, Marquis De Saint-sorlin
Jacques de Savoie, duke de Nemours was a noted soldier and courtier during the French wars of religion. He won......
Nero, Gaius Claudius
Gaius Claudius Nero, Roman military commander during the latter half of the Second Punic War (218–201 bce). He......
Nerva
Nerva was a Roman emperor from Sept. 18, 96, to January 98, the first of a succession of rulers traditionally known......
Netanyahu, Benjamin
Benjamin Netanyahu is an Israeli politician and diplomat who served as his country’s prime minister three times......
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, William Cavendish, 1st duke of
William Cavendish, 1st duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was a Royalist commander during the English Civil Wars and a......
Ney, Michel
Michel Ney was one of the best known of Napoleon’s marshals (from 1804). He pledged his allegiance to the restored......
Ngo Quyen
Ngo Quyen was a Vietnamese liberator, known for his military tactics, who founded the first enduring Vietnamese......
Nguyen Khanh
Nguyen Khanh was a military and political leader who participated in a successful coup d’état against the South......
Nguyen Tri Phuong
Nguyen Tri Phuong was a general dedicated to protecting Vietnam from European influence and military conquest by......
Nicephorus II Phocas
Nicephorus II Phocas was a Byzantine emperor (963–969), whose military achievements against the Muslim Arabs contributed......
Nicholas
Nicholas was a Russian grand duke and army officer who served as commander in chief against the Germans and Austro-Hungarians......
Nicholson, John
John Nicholson was a British soldier and administrator who brought relief to Delhi during the Indian Mutiny of......
Nicias
Nicias was an Athenian politician and general during the Peloponnesian War (431–404 bc) between Sparta and Athens.......
Niel, Adolphe
Adolphe Niel was a French army officer and marshal who, as minister of war, made an unsuccessful attempt to reorganize......
Nimeiri, Gaafar Mohamed el-
Gaafar Mohamed el-Nimeiri was a major general, commander of the armed forces, and president of Sudan (1971–85).......
Nimitz, Chester W
Chester W. Nimitz was the commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War II. One of the navy’s foremost administrators......
Nitta Yoshisada
Nitta Yoshisada was a Japanese warrior whose support of the imperial restoration of the emperor Go-Daigo was crucial......
Nivelle, Robert
Robert Nivelle was the commander in chief of the French armies on the Western Front for five months in World War......