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James Joyce (born February 2, 1882, Dublin, Ireland—died January 13, 1941, Zürich, Switzerland) was an Irish novelist noted for his experimental use of language and exploration of new literary methods—in particular, stream of consciousness—in such works of fiction as Ulysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939). These works are considered among the most groundbreaking and challenging reads in English-language literature. Joyce also wrote short stories (the 1914 collection Dubliners) and the autobiographical novel A Portrait of...