Why is Leopold Bloom an outsider in Dublin in Ulysses?

In James Joyce’s novel Ulysses, the character Leopold Bloom is portrayed as an outsider in Dublin primarily due to his identity as a Jew living in a predominantly Christian society.1

This sense of alienation is highlighted throughout the narrative, most notably in the "Cyclops" chapter. In this episode, Bloom encounters an anti-Semitic Irish nationalist patron, referred to as "the citizen," who subjects him to verbal abuse. Despite his status as an outsider, Bloom is also depicted as an "everyman" figure whose mundane experiences are elevated to the level of epic literature, paralleling the wanderings of the Greek hero Odysseus.12