Innocent IV: References & Edit History

A biographical source (in Italian) is F. Podesta, Innocenzo IV (1928). Among the general histories that have best elaborated the period and the work of Innocent IV is A. Fliche and V. Martin (eds.), Histoire de l’église depuis les origines jusqu’à nos jours, vol. 10 (1950). On Innocent’s political relations with the Emperor, see J.M. Powell, “Frederick II and the Church: A Revisionist View,” Catholic Historical Review, 48:487–497 (1963). An important English-language source dealing with the period of Innocent IV is J.A. Watt, The Theory of Papal Monarchy in the Thirteenth Century: The Contribution of the Canonists (1966).