garden and landscape design

Introduction
Functions and concerns of garden and landscape design
- Aspects of landscape architecture
- Art, science, and nature
Design
- Aesthetic components
  - Elements
    - Space
    - Mass
    - Line
    - Colour
    - Light and shade
    - Texture
    - Scent
    - Time, climate, and season
  - Principles
    - Unity and variety
    - Rhythm and balance
    - Accent and contrast
    - Scale and proportion
    - Composite three-dimensional spatial form
  - The design process
- Physical components
  - Natural
    - Earth
    - Rock
    - Water
    - Plants
  - Structural
    - Earth-related structures
    - Enclosure structures
    - Shelter structures
    - Engineering structures
    - Special buildings
    - Sculptural components and outdoor furnishings
Kinds of design
- Private or residential design
- Public design
Historical development
- Western
  - Antiquity
    - Egyptian
    - Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian
    - Greek and Hellenistic
    - Roman
  - Middle Ages
    - Islamic
    - Western European
  - Renaissance to modern: 15th to 20th centuries
    - Italian
    - 17th- and 18th-century French
    - 17th- and 18th-century English
    - 19th century
  - Modern
- Non-Western
  - Chinese
  - Japanese
  - Indian
  - African, Oceanic, and pre-Columbian

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images

Palace of Versailles: gardens

The California Academy of Sciences building with a green roof covered in plants and several rounded mounds, surrounded by landscaped gardens in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco.

Gardens of Campos do Jordão, Brazil.

Japanese contemplative garden

Structural pools in the gardens of the Generalife at the Alhambra, Granada, Spain.

Sloped earth, trees, and colourful ground cover in Bluebell Wood, Winkworth Arboretum, Surrey, England.

Kinkaku Temple, Kyōto, Japan

Singapore Botanic Gardens: gazebo

A pre-Civil War stone house in Manassas National Battlefield Park, near Manassas, Virginia, U.S.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Related Questions

Palace of Versailles: gardens — Palace of Versailles: gardens The gardens at the Palace of Versailles, France, designed by André Le Nôtre.

garden and landscape design

Also known as: landscape design, landscape gardening

Written by

Derek Plint CliffordAll

Fact-checked by

Britannica Editors

garden and landscape design, the development and decorative planting of gardens, yards, grounds, parks, and other types of areas. Garden and landscape design is used to enhance the settings for buildings and public areas and in recreational areas and parks. It is one of the decorative arts and is allied to architecture, city planning, and horticulture. The vegetated landscape that covered most of the Earth’s continents before humans began to build still surrounds and penetrates...

Discover the world with Britannica

Subscribe to Continue Reading

Free Trial | No Ads | Exclusive Content

Explore Subscriptions

DNA

Right

Mobile