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An income bond is a type of bond where the interest paid to the bondholder is based on the issuer's earnings. These bonds have a fixed maturity date, but interest payments are only made if the issuer has sufficient earnings to cover them. This structure developed in the United States, particularly from railroad reorganizations, as a way for investors to hold a debt instrument while making interest payments contingent on earnings, thus reducing the issuer's risk of bankruptcy. Income bonds are a type of hybrid security, offering a blend of debt and contingent payment features.12

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