first lady: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Betty Boyd Caroli
    Betty Boyd Caroli has written extensively about American first ladies. A graduate of Oberlin College, she holds a master's degree in Mass Communications from the Annenberg School of the University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. in American Civilization from New York University.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Added interactive. May 06, 2026
Revised and updated introduction, added interactive media, Top Questions, and Learn more. May 05, 2026
Article revised and updated. Jan 20, 2025
Media added. May 16, 2023
Article revised. Nov 22, 2022
Add new Web site: US Presidents - The First Ladies. May 30, 2019
Add new Web site: None. Aug 22, 2018
Add new Web site: National First Ladies' Library - First Lady. Aug 22, 2018
Article revised. Jun 27, 2017
Add new Web site: The White House - The First Ladies. Jan 27, 2014
Add new Web site: The White House - The First Ladies. Jan 27, 2014
Added end date to Laura Bush's time as first lady and added Michelle Obama. Jan 20, 2009
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - History - How the First Lady Works. Nov 10, 2008
Media added. Jul 02, 2008
Media added. Nov 19, 2007
Added new Web site: Library of Congress - Portraits of the Presidents and the First Ladies. Oct 18, 2006
Article revised. May 28, 2004
New article added. Feb 16, 2001
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