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Being first lady of the United States, most often by virtue of being married to the president of the United States, is a position that comes without pay or an official role in the government. Yet since 1789 these women have played pivotal parts as presidential advisers, unofficial diplomats, hostesses, campaign surrogates, influencers on topics ranging from temperance to reading to nutrition, and even national tastemakers. Examples of the ways, large and small, that these...