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Epistemology: Media

philosophy

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optical illusion: refraction of light
The refraction (bending) of light as it passes from air into water causes an optical...
© Cheyenne/stock.adobe.com
Saul Kripke
American logician and philosopher Saul Kripke.
© Robert P. Matthews, Princeton University
William Orpen: G.E. Moore
British philosopher G.E. Moore, a cofounder of analytic philosophy, pencil drawing...
Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London
Ludwig Wittgenstein
British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy
The Greek philosopher Plato
Plato, marble portrait bust copied from an original of the 4th century bce;...
© DeAgostini/SuperStock
Aristotle
Detail of a Roman copy (2nd century bce) of a...
© A. Dagli Orti—De Agostini/Getty Images
Christian bishop and theologian St. Augustine
St. Augustine of Hippo, undated engraving.
Lanmas/Alamy
Luca della Robbia: St. Anselm of Canterbury
St. Anselm of Canterbury (center), terra-cotta altarpiece by Luca della Robbia;...
Alinari/Art Resource, New York
Andrea da Firenze: The Triumph of St. Thomas Aquinas
The Triumph of St. Thomas Aquinas, fresco by Andrea da Firenze, c. 1365;...
SCALA/Art Resource, New York
John Duns Scotus
John Duns Scotus, early 18th-century mezzotint.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
René Descartes
Philosopher and mathematician René Descartes.
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
Michael Dahl: John Locke
English philosopher John Locke, oil on canvas by Michael Dahl, c. 1693; in the National...
© Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com
John Smibert: George Berkeley
Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley, oil painting by John Smibert, c. 1732; in...
Courtesy of The National Portrait Gallery, London
David Hume
Scottish philosopher David Hume, oil on canvas by Allan Ramsay, 1766; in the Scottish...
Fine Art Images—Heritage Images/age fotostock
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant, lithograph after a drawing by Hans Veit Schnorr von Carolsfeld.
Courtesy of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, engraving by Lazarus Gottlieb Sichling...
Courtesy Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, Portrait Collection 21/32
Edmund Husserl
Edmund Husserl, c. 1930.
Archiv für Kunst und Geschichte, Berlin
Martin Heidegger
German philosopher of hermeneutics and existentialism Martin Heidegger.
© Bettmann/Getty Images
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Sartre, 1968.
Gisele Freund
Michel Foucault
Michel Foucault.
Alexis Duclos/AP/REX/Shutterstock.com
John Dewey
John Dewey.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
A.J. Ayer
British philosopher A.J. Ayer at his home in London, 1978.
Geoff A Howard/Alamy
Willard Van Orman Quine
American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine, 1958.
Courtesy Douglas Quine, Ph.D./W.V. Quine Literary Estate