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Clay tablets were among the earliest forms of writing materials, originating in Mesopotamia around the early 3rd millennium BCE. These tablets, typically made of water-cleaned clay, were inscribed with wedge-shaped cuneiform characters using a stylus while the clay was still wet. This method allowed for substantial texts to be copied onto a single tablet, or longer works could be organized across multiple tablets using numbers and catchwords, similar to modern books.12

Clay tablets were durable, especially when baked in a kiln, ensuring the preservation of important texts like legal codes and epics. This writing system was adopted and adapted by various cultures, including the Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, and was used for millennia before declining with the rise of the Aramaic alphabet and papyrus.12

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