What entrance requirements do most higher-education institutions have?

Entrance requirements for higher education vary significantly by country and institution, as there is no single global standard. Rather than a universal requirement, admissions processes are shaped by regional policies and institutional autonomy.12

In many systems, completion of secondary education is a primary prerequisite. For example, in France, students must pass the baccalauréat examination to gain entry to universities or to compete for admission to specialized grandes écoles.1

In the United States, the process has historically relied on a mix of methods. While many institutions utilize standardized tests like the SAT—administered by The College Board—to assess aptitude, others have historically accepted certifications from secondary schools confirming a student's readiness for higher-level study. Some institutions also offer advanced standing through programs like Advanced Placement (AP), allowing students to earn credit or waive requirements based on exam performance. Additionally, some states have implemented policies guaranteeing admission to students who rank at the top of their high-school graduating class, reducing reliance on standardized testing.2