Lee reportedly based the character of Atticus Finch on her father, Amasa Coleman Lee, a compassionate and dedicated lawyer and newspaper editor. The plot of To Kill a Mockingbird was inspired in part by his unsuccessful youthful defense in 1919 of two African American men who were convicted of murder, the only criminal case he ever took. It is also loosely based on the 1931 case of the “Scottsboro Boys,” in which nine Black youths were wrongly convicted of raping two white women in Alabama.

Scout’s pal Dill is based on Truman Capote, Lee’s friend since childhood and next-door neighbor in Monroeville, Alabama. Lee served as the basis of the tomboy Idabel Thompkins in Capote’s first novel, Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948). In the winter of 1959–60, just before the release of To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee journeyed to Kansas with Capote and helped him in the research for his “nonfiction novel” In Cold Blood, about the murder of four members of the Clutter family. After the phenomenal success that followed the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird and the lack of further novels from Lee, some suspected that Capote was the actual author of Lee’s work. However, this rumor was put to rest in 2006 when a 1959 letter from Capote to his aunt was found, stating that he had read and liked the draft of To Kill a Mockingbird that Lee had shown him but making no mention of any role in writing it.

There is some anecdotal evidence that Boo Radley was based on Lee and Capote’s childhood neighbor, Son Boulware. According to Capote, Boo “was a real man, and he lived just down the road from us.…Everything [Lee] wrote about it is absolutely true.”

The novel inspired adaptations, the most notable of which was the classic 1962 film starring Gregory Peck as Atticus. His Academy Award-winning performance became an enduring part of cinema history. (Robert Duvall made his film debut as Boo Radley.) Aaron Sorkin adapted the novel into a Broadway play that debuted in 2018. (Lee’s estate sued over Sorkin’s adaptation, in which Atticus rather than Scout was the main character, but the dispute was resolved before the play opened.)

The sequel: Go Set a Watchman

In 2015 Lee released a second novel. Go Set a Watchman, written just before To Kill a Mockingbird but set 20 years later features Scout as a grown woman based in New York City who returns to her Alabama childhood home to visit her father. Although some claimed Go Set a Watchman is an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, it was actually Lee’s first novel, completed in 1957. Lee then began a second novel incorporating short stories based on her childhood. Lee was encouraged by her agent Maurice Crain to finish the second novel and not try to merge the two books. However, after the enormous success of To Kill a Mockingbird, Lee set Go Set a Watchman aside, and the completed manuscript of that novel languished in a safe-deposit box in Monroeville for decades.

Go Set a Watchman excited controversy because it depicts Atticus as an ardent segregationist whose views horrify Scout, who has to reconcile Atticus’s racist attitudes with the kindly and loving father of her childhood memories.