Qumran community

…of Discipline, one of the Qumrān texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls, a certain polarity is nonetheless displayed in a passage that asserts of God that

the Essenes and the Qumran community on the Dead Sea. Their yearning was directed not toward an earthly messiah but toward a heavenly one, who would bring not an earthly but a heavenly kingdom. Those pious ones wanted to know nothing of sword and struggle, uprising and rebellion. They…

The Qumrān sects, Jewish monastic groups known in modern times for their preservation of the Dead Sea Scrolls, believed in a messianic pair: a priestly messiah from the house of Aaron (the brother of Moses) and a royal messiah from the house of David. These messiahs…

…been anticipated by the Jewish Qumrān community, made famous in the 20th century by the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The community is usually identified with the Essenes, a religious group that flourished in the Judaean desert between 150 bce and 70 ce and was the chief exemplar of…

…some segments of the population—the Qumrān community seems to have denied its legality, and the Pharisees complained bitterly about its arrogance and exactions, attempting, when feasible, to impose and enforce Pharisaic regulations upon it—reverence for the Temple seems to have remained a widespread sentiment. With the destruction of the Temple…

…the teachings of the earlier Qumrān sect, as revealed in the Dead Sea Scrolls. They believed in one God and taught that Jesus was the Messiah and was the true “prophet” mentioned in Deuteronomy 18:15. They rejected the Virgin Birth of Jesus, instead holding that he was the natural son…

Like the later so-called Qumrān covenanters (the monastic group associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls), they were opposed to the Jewish priesthood and the cult of the Temple, regarded Moses as a messianic figure, and forbade the revelation of esoteric doctrines to outsiders.

…caves near the ruins of Qumrān, which most scholars think was the home of the community that owned the scrolls. The relevant period of occupation of this site runs from c. 100 to c. 68 bce, and the scrolls themselves nearly all date from the 3rd to the 1st century…

Until the discovery of the Judaean desert scrolls, the only premedieval fragment of the Hebrew Bible known to scholars was the Nash Papyrus (c. 150 bce) from Egypt containing the Decalogue and Deuteronomy. Now, however, fragments of about 180 different…

…Hellenistic period belonged to the Qumrān community (c. 130 bce–70 ce), which, believing itself raised up to prepare for the new age of everlasting righteousness, found in scripture the divine purpose about on the point of fulfillment, together with its own duty in the impending crisis. Biblical prophecies in the…

…found in the caves of Qumrān in the vicinity of the Dead Sea in the 1940s, but only a portion of them has yet been published. All the Dead Sea Scrolls were written before the destruction of the Second Temple; with the exception of small Greek fragments, they are all…

In the collection of manuscripts from the Judaean desert—discovered from the 1940s on—there are no lists of canonical works and no codices (manuscript volumes), only individual scrolls. For these reasons, nothing can be known with certainty about the contents and sequence of the canon…

…those from the caves of Qumrān, have provided, at least, illustrations of many of the scribal processes by which deviant texts came into being. The variants and their respective causes may be classified as follows: aurally conditioned, visual in origin, exegetical, and deliberate.

…of Hebrew biblical texts at Qumrān (then Jordan) and other places west of the Dead Sea has made it possible to trace the history of the Hebrew Bible back to the 2nd century bce and to recognize, among the manuscripts circulating in the closing generations of the Second Jewish Commonwealth…