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The Arjunayanas were an ancient Indian oligarchy or tribal republic. Their base was in the present-day Bharatpur-Alwar region of India. They were among several such groups, including the Audambaras, Malavas, Yaudheyas, and others, whose political importance fluctuated with the rise and fall of larger kingdoms in the region between the Indus and Ganges valleys. The Arjunayanas existed during the period from 150 BCE to 300 CE, a time of political fragmentation but also economic prosperity in the Indian subcontinent, partly due to increased trade.12

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