- Zentrumspartei (political party, Germany)
Centre Party, in Germany, political party active in the Second Reich and Weimar Republic, from the time of Otto von Bismarck in the 1870s to 1933. It was the first party of imperial Germany to cut across class and state lines, but because it represented the Roman Catholics, who were concentrated in
- Zenyatta Mondatta (album by the Police)
the Police: Zenyatta Mondatta to Synchronicity: Zenyatta Mondatta (1980) and the synthesizer-rich Ghost in the Machine (1981) saw a marked evolution from the stripped-down arrangements of their early work to a more layered but still tightly focused sound. The group reached its commercial and critical peak with the multiplatinum album Synchronicity…
- zeolite (mineral)
zeolite, any member of a family of hydrated aluminosilicate minerals that contain alkali and alkaline-earth metals. The zeolites are noted for their lability toward ion-exchange and reversible dehydration. They have a framework structure that encloses interconnected cavities occupied by large metal
- zeolite facies (geology)
zeolite facies, one of the major divisions of the mineral facies classification of metamorphic rocks, the rocks of which formed at the lowest temperatures and pressures associated with regional metamorphism. It represents the transition between the sedimentary processes of diagenesis and the
- zeolitic water (mineralogy)
clay mineral: Clay-water relations: …may further be divided into zeolitic and bound waters. The latter is bound to exchangeable cations or directly to the clay mineral surfaces. Both forms of water may be removed by heating to temperatures on the order of 100°–200° C and in most cases, except for hydrated halloysite, are regained…
- zeon (Eastern Orthodoxy)
zeon, in the Eastern Orthodox church, a part of the Eucharistic liturgy in which the deacon pours a few drops of hot water (known as the zeon, or “living water”) into the chalice. The origin of the rite is not known, though it is clearly very ancient. It is explained as symbolizing the fervour
- Zepbound (drug)
tirzepatide, synthetic antidiabetic drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide is the first drug in a class of agents known as dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptor agonists. Because both GLP-1 and GIP are so-called incretin
- Zephaniah (Hebrew prophet)
Zephaniah was an Israelite prophet, said to be the author of one of the shorter Old Testament prophetical books, who proclaimed the approaching divine judgment. The first verse of the Book of Zephaniah makes him a contemporary of Josiah, king of Judah (reigned c. 640–609 bc). The prophet’s
- Zephaniah, Book of (Old Testament)
Book of Zephaniah, the ninth of 12 Old Testament books that bear the names of the Minor Prophets, collected in one book, The Twelve, in the Jewish canon. The book consists of a series of independent sayings, many of which are rightly attributed to Zephaniah, written probably about 640–630 bc. The
- zephyr lily (plant)
Asparagales: Storage organs: In the zephyr lily (Zephyranthes), seeds develop in the ovary without fertilization; they are, in essence, internal buds. In addition to these vegetative means of propagation, most members of the order produce seeds in the conventional manner.
- zephyr yarn (textile)
textile: Yarns used in handwork: …and suitable for sweaters; and zephyr yarns, either all wool, or wool blended with other fibres, very fine and soft, with low twist, and used for lightweight garments.
- Zephyranthes atamasco (plant)
Asparagales: Storage organs: In the zephyr lily (Zephyranthes), seeds develop in the ovary without fertilization; they are, in essence, internal buds. In addition to these vegetative means of propagation, most members of the order produce seeds in the conventional manner.
- Zephyrinus, St. (pope)
St. Zephyrinus ; feast day August 26) was the pope from about 199 to 217. Of humble birth, he succeeded Pope St. Victor I and is believed to have appointed his own successor St. Callixtus I (Callistus) as his chief deacon. During Zephyrinus’s pontificate, the Roman priest St. Hippolytus vigorously
- Zepler, Eric (German-born physicist)
Eric Zepler was a German-born physicist who made notable advances in the theory of radio design and was a pioneer of electronics education. Zepler studied in Berlin, Bonn, and Würzburg and then went to work for Telefunken in 1925. Ten years later he fled Nazi Germany and joined the Marconi company
- Zepler, Eric Ernest (German-born physicist)
Eric Zepler was a German-born physicist who made notable advances in the theory of radio design and was a pioneer of electronics education. Zepler studied in Berlin, Bonn, and Würzburg and then went to work for Telefunken in 1925. Ten years later he fled Nazi Germany and joined the Marconi company
- zeppelin (aircraft)
zeppelin, rigid airship of a type originally manufactured by Luftschiffsbau-Zeppelin, consisting of a cigar-shaped, trussed, and covered frame supported by internal gas cells. The first Zeppelin airship was designed by Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin, a retired German army officer, and made its
- Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH (German company)
aerospace industry: Airships: …to its roots by forming Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH with the objective of developing and operating a line of semirigid new-technology (NT) airships for tourism, advertising, and surveillance applications. The first flight of a Zeppelin NT took place in 1997. Another German company, CargoLifter AG, formed in 1996, was developing a…
- Zeppelin NT (airship)
zeppelin: …Luftschifftechnik GmbH, which built the Zeppelin NT (“New Technology”), a smaller (75-metre, or 250-foot) helium-filled airship that in 2001 began to offer short sightseeing trips over Lake Constance and other locations.
- Zeppelin, Ferdinand Adolf August Heinrich, Graf von (German military official)
Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin was a German military official who was the first notable builder of rigid dirigible airships, for which his surname is still a popular generic term. Zeppelin received a military commission in 1858. He made the first of several balloon ascensions at St. Paul, Minnesota,
- Zeppelin, Ferdinand, Graf von (German military official)
Ferdinand, Graf von Zeppelin was a German military official who was the first notable builder of rigid dirigible airships, for which his surname is still a popular generic term. Zeppelin received a military commission in 1858. He made the first of several balloon ascensions at St. Paul, Minnesota,
- Zeppilina (polychaete genus)
annelid: Annotated classification: minute; examples of genera: Ctenodrilus, Zeppilina. Order Cirratulida Sedentary; prostomium pointed and without appendages; 1 or more pairs of tentacular cirri arising from dorsal surface of anterior segments; gills, if present, long and slender, inserted above parapodia; size, minute to 20 cm; examples of genera: Cirratulus,
- Zerah, Benjamin ben (Jewish poet)
baʿal shem: Benjamin ben Zerah (11th century) was one of several Jewish poets to employ the mystical names of God in his works, thereby demonstrating a belief in the efficacy of the holy name long before certain rabbis and Kabbalists (followers of esoteric Jewish mysticism) were popularly…
- Zeravšan River (river, Central Asia)
Zeravshan River, river rising in the eastern Turkistan Range and flowing 545 miles (877 km) west through Tajikistan and southeastern Uzbekistan to disappear in the desert north of Chärjew near the Amu Darya, of which it was at one time a tributary. The river supplies water to a vast irrigation
- Zeravsanskij Chrebet (mountains, Central Asia)
Zeravshan Range, mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, forming a part of the Gissar–Alay system. It extends for more than 230 miles (370 km) east–west parallel to the Turkistan Range between the Zeravshan Valley on the north and the Yagnob and Iskanderdarya valleys on the south. The range is
- Zeravshan Range (mountains, Central Asia)
Zeravshan Range, mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, forming a part of the Gissar–Alay system. It extends for more than 230 miles (370 km) east–west parallel to the Turkistan Range between the Zeravshan Valley on the north and the Yagnob and Iskanderdarya valleys on the south. The range is
- Zeravshan River (river, Central Asia)
Zeravshan River, river rising in the eastern Turkistan Range and flowing 545 miles (877 km) west through Tajikistan and southeastern Uzbekistan to disappear in the desert north of Chärjew near the Amu Darya, of which it was at one time a tributary. The river supplies water to a vast irrigation
- Zeravshansky Khrebet (mountains, Central Asia)
Zeravshan Range, mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, forming a part of the Gissar–Alay system. It extends for more than 230 miles (370 km) east–west parallel to the Turkistan Range between the Zeravshan Valley on the north and the Yagnob and Iskanderdarya valleys on the south. The range is
- Zeraʿim (Jewish text)
Zeraʿim, (Hebrew: “Seeds”), the first of the six major divisions, or orders (sedarim), of the Mishna (codification of Jewish oral laws), which was completed early in the 3rd century ad by Judah ha-Nasi. Zeraʿim contains 11 tractates (treatises), the first of which (Berakhot, “Blessings”) deals with
- Zerbo, Saye (head of state of Burkina Faso)
Burkina Faso: Independence of Burkina Faso: Saye Zerbo.
- zerbrochene Krug, Der (work by Kleist)
Heinrich von Kleist: …verse, Der zerbrochene Krug (The Broken Pitcher), was unsuccessfully produced by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Weimar. The play employs vividly portrayed rustic characters, skillful dialogue, earthy humour, and subtle realism in its depiction of the fallibility of human feeling and the flaws inherent in human justice. It ranks…
- Zerházy, Ferenc (Hungarian noble)
Esterházy Family: Ferenc Zerházy (1563–94), deputy lord lieutenant of the county of Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia), was the first family member of historical importance. He took the name Esterházy upon becoming baron of Galántha, an estate the family had acquired in 1421. With his sons the family…
- Zerhouni, Elias (American radiologist)
Elias Zerhouni is an Algerian-born American radiologist who served as the 15th director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 2002 to 2008. Zerhouni, who had seven siblings, was born in a small village in western Algeria. His father was a math professor. In 1953 the family moved to
- Zerhouni, Elias Adam (American radiologist)
Elias Zerhouni is an Algerian-born American radiologist who served as the 15th director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 2002 to 2008. Zerhouni, who had seven siblings, was born in a small village in western Algeria. His father was a math professor. In 1953 the family moved to
- Zerma (people)
Zarma, a people of westernmost Niger and adjacent areas of Burkina Faso and Nigeria. The Zarma speak a dialect of Songhai, a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family, and are considered to be a branch of the Songhai people. The Zarma live in the arid lands of the Sahel. Many live in the Niger
- Zermatt (Switzerland)
Zermatt, town, Valais canton, southern Switzerland. It lies at the head of the Mattervisp Valley and at the foot of the Matterhorn (14,692 feet [4,478 m]), 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Sion. Its name is derived from its position Zur Matte (“in the Alpine meadow”) at an elevation of 5,302 feet
- Zermatt Pocket Book (work by Conway)
William Martin Conway, Baron Conway: …writer, he also authored The Zermatt Pocket Book (1881), a guide to climbing the Pennine Alps; Early Tuscan Art (1902); and Mountain Memoirs (1920).
- Zermelo’s axiom of choice (set theory)
axiom of choice, statement in the language of set theory that makes it possible to form sets by choosing an element simultaneously from each member of an infinite collection of sets even when no algorithm exists for the selection. The axiom of choice has many mathematically equivalent formulations,
- Zermelo, Ernst (German mathematician)
axiom of choice: …1904 by the German mathematician Ernst Zermelo in order to prove the “well-ordering theorem” (every set can be given an order relationship, such as less than, under which it is well ordered; i.e., every subset has a first element [see set theory: Axioms for infinite and ordered sets]). Subsequently, it…
- Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (mathematics)
history of logic: Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF): Contradictions like Russell’s paradox arose from what was later called the unrestricted comprehension principle: the assumption that, for any property p, there is a set that contains all and only those sets that have p. In Zermelo’s system, the comprehension principle…
- Zermelo-Fraenkel-Skolem set theory (mathematics)
history of logic: Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF): Contradictions like Russell’s paradox arose from what was later called the unrestricted comprehension principle: the assumption that, for any property p, there is a set that contains all and only those sets that have p. In Zermelo’s system, the comprehension principle…
- Zern, Ed (American lampoonist)
Abercrombie & Fitch: …opulence, inspiring the American humorist Ed Zern to lampoon a perfectly accoutred angler as an “Abercrombie and Fitcherman.”
- Zernike, Frits (Dutch physicist)
Frits Zernike was a Dutch physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells. Zernike obtained a doctorate from the University
- zero (mathematics)
zero, number denoting the absence of quantity. Represented by the symbol “0,” it plays a foundational role in arithmetic, algebra, computing, and scientific measurement. It lies at the center of the number line, separating positive numbers from negative numbers, and it operates as a placeholder in
- Zero (Nicaraguan revolutionary)
Edén Pastora was a Nicaraguan guerrilla leader and legendary fighter. A military commander of the Sandinista movement, Pastora led the assault on the national palace in Managua, Nicaragua, on August 22, 1978. Twenty-three men under his command took some 1,000 hostages, about half of them
- Zero (Japanese aircraft)
Zero, fighter aircraft, a single-seat, low-wing monoplane used with great effect by the Japanese during World War II. Designed by Horikoshi Jiro, it was the first carrier-based fighter capable of besting its land-based opponents. It was designed to specifications written in 1937, was first tested
- Zero (work by Unruh)
Fritz von Unruh: …in Monte Carlo (1931) and Zero (1932).
- Zero Dark Thirty (film by Bigelow [2012])
Kathryn Bigelow: Later films: The Hurt Locker and Zero Dark Thirty: … screenwriter Mark Boal to make Zero Dark Thirty (2012), an unflinching account of the U.S. military and intelligence operation to capture Osama bin Laden. She also collaborated with Boal on Detroit (2017), about the city’s 1967 riot.
- Zéro de conduite (film by Vigo [1933])
Jean Vigo: …directed Zéro de conduite (1933; Zero for Conduct), which was branded as “anti-French” by the censors, removed from the theatres after only a few months, and was not shown again in France until 1945. The moving story, set in a boy’s boarding school, explores the question of freedom versus authority…
- Zero Deforestation Law (Paraguay [2004])
Paraguay: Agriculture, forestry, and fishing: …the Paraguayan government passed the Zero Deforestation Law, which prohibits the conversion of forested area in Paraguay’s Eastern Region. Illegal logging in national parks, however, has remained a threat. Deforestation of the Gran Chaco increased dramatically from the beginning of the 21st century as Paraguayan Mennonites, Brazilian immigrants, and Uruguayan…
- Zero Eight Fifteen (work by Kirst)
Hans Hellmut Kirst: …satiric trilogy Null-acht fünfzhen (1954–55; Zero Eight Fifteen), the continuing story of an army private, Gunner Asch, and his personal battle with the absurdities of the German military system. He was perhaps best known for Die Nacht der Generale (1962, The Night of the Generals), which was made into a…
- Zero for Conduct (film by Vigo [1933])
Jean Vigo: …directed Zéro de conduite (1933; Zero for Conduct), which was branded as “anti-French” by the censors, removed from the theatres after only a few months, and was not shown again in France until 1945. The moving story, set in a boy’s boarding school, explores the question of freedom versus authority…
- zero grade (linguistics)
Caucasian languages: Proto-Kartvelian: …or without a vowel, called zero grade. (An asterisk [*] indicates that the following form is not attested but has been reconstructed as a hypothetical ancestral form.) In a sequence of word elements (called morphemes) only one element may occur in full grade, the others being in either zero or…
- zero gravity (physics)
weightlessness, condition experienced while in free-fall, in which the effect of gravity is canceled by the inertial (e.g., centrifugal) force resulting from orbital flight. The term zero gravity is often used to describe such a condition. Excluding spaceflight, true weightlessness can be
- Zero History (novel by Gibson)
William Gibson: Zero History (2010), which completed a trilogy that includes his previous two novels, reveals hidden governmental conspiracies through a search for a missing fashion designer. The Peripheral (2014) investigates the possibility of communication with future societies by way of computer technology. Its prequel/sequel, Agency, was…
- zero hour (German history)
German literature: The post-1945 period: Stunde Null: In the part of Germany that became West Germany in 1949, the immediate aftermath of World War II was known as the “Stunde Null,” or “zero hour.” Writers felt that the need to make a clean sweep after the defeat of Nazism had…
- Zero Hour and Other Documentary Poems (poem by Cardenal)
Ernesto Cardenal: Poetry collections of the 1960s: La hora 0 (1960; Zero Hour, and Other Documentary Poems), a long documentary poem denouncing the effects of domestic tyranny and American imperialism in Central American history, is a masterpiece of protest poetry. In subsequent works Cardenal began to use empty phrases and commercial slogans as symbols of an…
- Zero Hour! (film [1957])
Airplane!: …taken directly from the movie Zero Hour! (1957), and other elements were based on Airport 1975 (1974) and similar disaster films. The typical disaster film plot is satirized using a high saturation of humour, and the borrowed material is supplemented with a variety of comedic techniques including verbal humour and…
- Zero Hunger Challenge (UN)
food insecurity: Solutions to food insecurity: …2012 the UN launched the Zero Hunger Challenge with the goal of eradicating hunger by 2030, as part of its global sustainable development objectives. In 2021 the UN held a summit to address hunger and consider the progress made by the Zero Hunger Challenge effort. While several UN organizations (including…
- Zero K (novel by DeLillo)
Don DeLillo: …a meditation on time; and Zero K (2016), an investigation of cryogenics and human immortality. The Silence (2020) follows several people who attend a Super Bowl party during a worldwide calamitous event.
- zero matrix (mathematics)
matrix: …elements 0 is called a zero, or null, matrix. A square matrix A with 1s on the main diagonal (upper left to lower right) and 0s everywhere else is called an identity, or unit, matrix. It is denoted by I or In to show that its order is n. If…
- zero population growth
Kingsley Davis: …the terms population explosion and zero population growth. His specific studies of American society led him to work on a general science of world society, based on empirical analysis of each society in its habitat.
- Zero Theorem, The (film by Gilliam [2013])
Matt Damon: Later credits: …itself in Terry Gilliam’s atmospheric The Zero Theorem (2013), and a desperate space explorer in Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar (2014).
- zero transfer of training
transfer of training: Kinds of transfer: can occur: positive, negative, and zero. The following examples from hypothetical experiments, purposely uncomplicated by distracting detail, illustrate each. Suppose a group of students learn a task, B, in 10 practice sessions. Another group of equivalent students, who previously had learned another task, A, is found to reach the same…
- zero-age main sequence (astronomy)
star: Subsequent development on the main sequence: …the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram called the zero-age main sequence. Without differences in initial chemical composition or in rotational velocity, all the stars would start exactly from this unique line. As the stars evolve, they adjust to the increase in the helium-to-hydrogen ratio in their cores and gradually move away from the…
- zero-base budgeting (government finance)
government budget: Program budgeting and zero-base budgeting: …introduce the concept of “zero-base budgeting,” whereby the entire government program, not just its incremental parts, was to be evaluated each year. This idea, which involved considerable changes to existing procedures, was applied to some programs on a selective basis but never had the impact its designers envisaged. A…
- zero-COVID (government policy)
China: COVID-19 outbreak: …spreading, China implemented strict “zero-COVID” policies aimed at keeping the number of cases as close to zero as possible through measures including strict lockdowns, quarantines, and mass testing. As a result, infection cases and deaths were relatively lower in China compared with other wealthy countries. Despite residents’ initial support…
- zero-day malware (information technology)
advanced persistent threat: …and the distribution of “zero-day malware.” Spear phishing uses e-mails sent to selected employees within an organization. The e-mails appear to come from trusted or known sources. Either by clicking on links within the e-mail or by being persuaded by the e-mail’s seeming legitimacy to let their guard down,…
- zero-energy building
zero-energy building (ZEB), any building or construction characterized by zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions calculated over a period of time. Zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) usually use less energy than traditional buildings as well as generate their own energy on-site to use in
- Zero-Energy Experimental Pile (nuclear reactor)
nuclear reactor: The first atomic piles: …reactor, the so-called ZEEP (Zero-Energy Experimental Pile), at Chalk River, Ontario.
- zero-oxidation-state metal carbonyl (chemical compound)
organometallic compound: Zero-oxidation-state metal carbonyls: The central metal in a neutral metal carbonyl, such as those described above, is assigned an oxidation state of zero, quite unlike the case in simple inorganic compounds in which positive oxidation states are the norm, as, for example, Fe3+ in FeCl3…
- zero-point energy (physics)
zero-point energy, vibrational energy that molecules retain even at the absolute zero of temperature. Temperature in physics has been found to be a measure of the intensity of random molecular motion, and it might be expected that, as temperature is reduced to absolute zero, all motion ceases and
- zero-sum game (game theory)
game theory: Classification of games: Constant-sum games are games of total conflict, which are also called games of pure competition. Poker, for example, is a constant-sum game because the combined wealth of the players remains constant, though its distribution shifts in the course of play.
- zero-till agriculture (agriculture)
no-till agriculture, cultivation technique in which the soil is disturbed only along the slit or in the hole into which the seeds are planted; reserved detritus from previous crops covers and protects the seedbed. The practice is one of several so-called “primitive farming” methods that have been
- zero-velocity curve (mechanics)
celestial mechanics: The restricted three-body problem: If such a zero-velocity curve is closed, the particle cannot escape from the interior of the closed zero-velocity curve if placed there with the constant of the motion equal to the value used to construct the curve. These zero-velocity curves can be used to show that the three…
- Zerodur (glass)
telescope: Evolution of the optical telescope: …in the Canary Islands, and Zerodur was used for the 10.4-metre (410-inch) reflector at the Gran Telescopio Canarias in the Canary Islands.
- Żeromski, Stefan (Polish author)
Stefan Żeromski was a Polish novelist admired for the deep compassion about social problems that he expressed in naturalistic, yet lyrical, novels. Belonging to a family of impoverished gentry, Żeromski was born in the aftermath of the tragic 1863 January Insurrection against Russian rule, and that
- Zeros and Ones (film by Ferrara [2021])
Ethan Hawke: The Good Lord Jim, Blue Moon, and The Lowdown: …2021 include the political thriller Zeros and Ones and an adaptation of Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot. He continued to demonstrate his versatility the following year, appearing in the Viking epic The Northman and the miniseries Moon Knight, part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Also in 2022 he had…
- zeroth law of thermodynamics (physics)
thermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics are:
- zeroth order mode (physics)
telecommunications media: Optical fibres: …by what is called the zeroth order mode; other light rays propagate by higher-order modes. It is the simultaneous presence of many modes of propagation within a single fibre that creates multimode dispersion. Multimode dispersion causes a signal of uniform transmitted intensity to arrive at the far end of the…
- Zeroual, Liamine (president of Algeria)
Liamine Zeroual was an Algerian military officer and politician who served as the president of Algeria (1994–99). Zeroual joined the Algerian army at age 16 and fought against France during Algeria’s War of Independence. In 1965 Zeroual went to the Soviet Union for military training, after which he
- Zéroual, Liamine (president of Algeria)
Liamine Zeroual was an Algerian military officer and politician who served as the president of Algeria (1994–99). Zeroual joined the Algerian army at age 16 and fought against France during Algeria’s War of Independence. In 1965 Zeroual went to the Soviet Union for military training, after which he
- Zeroville (film by Franco [2019])
Megan Fox: Later career: …movie credits from 2019 include Zeroville, a mystery comedy-drama that was directed by and starred James Franco. In 2020 she appeared in the family film Think Like a Dog and the action thriller Rogue. In Till Death (2021), Fox was cast as a woman trying to evade two killers after…
- Žert (novel by Kundera)
Milan Kundera: …his greatest works, Žert (1967; The Joke), a comic, ironic view of the private lives and destinies of various Czechs during the years of Stalinism; translated into several languages, it achieved great international acclaim. His second novel, Život je jinde (1969; Life Is Elsewhere), about a hapless, romantic-minded hero who…
- Zerubbabel (governor of Judaea)
Zerubbabel was the governor of Judaea under whom the rebuilding of the Jewish Temple at Jerusalem took place. Of Davidic origin, Zerubbabel is thought to have originally been a Babylonian Jew who returned to Jerusalem at the head of a band of Jewish exiles and became governor of Judaea under the
- Zerubbabel’s Temple (Judaism)
Temple of Jerusalem, either of two temples that were the centre of worship and national identity in ancient Israel. In the early years of the Israelite kingdom, the Ark of the Covenant was periodically moved about among several sanctuaries, especially those of Shechem and Shiloh. After King David’s
- Zervanism (religion)
Zurvanism, modified form of Zoroastrianism that appeared in Persia during the Sāsānian period (3rd–7th century ad). It was opposed to orthodox Zoroastrianism, which by that time had become dualistic in doctrine. According to Zurvanism, time alone—limitless, eternal, and uncreated—is the source of
- Zervas, Napoleon (Greek army officer)
EDES: Napoleon Zervas, EDES was originally liberal and antimonarchist, but it moved steadily to the political right. It cooperated with ELAS for a time in operations against the Germans and Italians, but, between October 1943 and February 1944, the two guerrilla groups fought each other. The…
- Zeta Aurigae (star)
eclipse: Eclipsing binary stars: Zeta Aurigae is the prototype of a class of eclipsing binaries composed of a cool supergiant star and a hot blue star. Although the supergiant’s atmosphere is large enough to reach to the orbit of Venus were the star to replace the Sun in the…
- zeta function (mathematics)
zeta function, in number theory, an infinite series given by where z and w are complex numbers and the real part of z is greater than zero. For w = 0, the function reduces to the Riemann zeta function, named for the 19th-century German mathematician Bernhard Riemann, whose study of its properties
- Zeta Puppis (star)
star: Stellar atmospheres: , Zeta Puppis), strong, relatively narrow emission lines can be seen; however, in the ultraviolet, observations from rockets and spacecraft show strong emission lines with distinct absorption components on the shorter wavelength side. These absorption features are produced by rapidly outflowing atoms that absorb the radiation…
- Zeta Ursae Majoris (star)
Mizar, first star found (by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli in 1650) to be a visual binary—i.e., to consist of two optically distinguishable components revolving around each other. Later, each of the visual components was determined to be a spectroscopic binary; Mizar is actually
- Zeta-Jones, Catherine (Welsh-born actress)
Catherine Zeta-Jones is a Welsh-born actress who demonstrated her versatility in a wide range of films, most notably the musical Chicago (2002), for which she won the Academy Award for best supporting actress. Jones (Zeta was her middle name; she added the hyphen later) was the daughter of Irish
- Zetas, Los (Mexican crime syndicate)
Los Zetas, Mexican crime syndicate formed in 1997 as the enforcement arm of the drug-trafficking Gulf Cartel; it broke away as an independent organized criminal enterprise in 2010. The group was known for its violent tactics and tight organizational structure. Osiel Cárdenas Guillén was competing
- zetekitoxin (biochemistry)
Panamanian golden toad: …a potent water-soluble toxin called zetekitoxin, which affects nerve cells and protects the toad from most predators. However, if minor precautions are taken, these toads can be safely handled.
- Zetes (Greek mythology)
Calais and Zetes: Zetes, in Greek mythology, the winged twin sons of Boreas and Oreithyia. On their arrival with the Argonauts at Salmydessus in Thrace, they liberated their sister Cleopatra, who had been thrown into prison by her husband, Phineus, the king of the country. According to Apollonius…
- Zethus (Greek mythology)
Amphion and Zethus: Zethus, in Greek mythology, the twin sons of Zeus by Antiope. When children, they were left to die on Mount Cithaeron but were found and brought up by a shepherd. Amphion became a great singer and musician, Zethus a hunter and herdsman. (In Euripides’ lost…
- Zetim, Har ha- (ridge, Jerusalem)
Mount of Olives, multi-summit limestone ridge just east of the Old City of Jerusalem and separated from it by the Kidron Valley. Frequently mentioned in the Bible and later religious literature, it is holy to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The peak usually regarded as the Mount of Olives proper
- Zetkin, Clara (German socialist)
Clara Zetkin was a German feminist, Socialist, and Communist leader, who after World War I played a leading role in the new Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands; KPD) and the Comintern (Third International). Clara Eissner was educated at the Leipzig Teachers’ College for
- Zetland (islands, Scotland, United Kingdom)
Shetland Islands, group of about 100 islands, fewer than 20 of them inhabited, in Scotland, 130 miles (210 km) north of the Scottish mainland, at the northern extremity of the United Kingdom. They constitute the Shetland Islands council area and the historic county of Shetland. Among the
- Zetlin, Lev (American engineer)
stadium: Design innovations: …baseball stadium was developed by Lev Zetlin, an American engineer.