Sanaa: The contemporary city: …Yemen Gate (Bāb al-Yaman), renamed Liberty Gate after the revolution of 1962. Old Sanaa includes 106 mosques, 12 hammams (baths), and 6,500 houses, all built before the 11th century ce. Multistoried tower houses, built of dark basalt stone and brick, are decorated with intricate frieze work and beautiful carved windows.…

Arabian Desert: Physical features: Much of the Yemen Plateau is at an elevation above 7,000 feet (2,100 metres). To the north and east elevations decrease. Steep cliffs and steep canyons descend from the highlands into adjacent seas to the south and west. The peninsula is bounded on its western margin by a…

Yemen: Government and society: ” The Yemen Socialist Party (YSP), the only legal political organization, determined government policy and exercised control over the state administrative system, the legislature, and the military.

In early 2011 a wave of pro-democracy protests swept the Middle East and North Africa, unseating leaders in Tunisia and Egypt and leading to sustained unrest in other countries, including Libya, Syria, and Bahrain. In Yemen pro-democracy activists and members of the opposition staged protests

In 1918, after decades of Ottoman domination, northern Yemen arose under its traditional religious leader—the imam—and proclaimed independence, which it maintained under a red flag with white religious inscriptions. The petty states of the British-dominated southern area had no international

Yemen: History of Yemen: For more than two millennia prior to the arrival of Islam, Yemen was the home of a series of powerful and wealthy city-states and empires whose prosperity was largely based upon their control over the production of frankincense and…

Yemen, country situated at the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It is mostly mountainous and generally arid, though there are broad patches with sufficient precipitation to make agriculture successful. The people speak various dialects of Arabic and are mostly Muslims (see Islam). The

Yemeni Civil War, devastating conflict in Yemen that began in 2014 when the capital, Sanaa, already destabilized by the Arab Spring uprising that began in 2011, was overtaken by Houthi rebel forces. At the war’s height, exacerbated by the intervention of forces from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab

Yemen: Unification of Yemen: The Islamic Reform Grouping (Iṣlāḥ), the main organized opposition to the unification regime since 1990, and the YSP both won strong minority representation. Holding virtually all the seats, the three parties formed a coalition government in May 1993, amid some hope that the political crisis had passed.

Arabia: Geology: The Yemeni highlands are physiographically very different from those of the shield; they are not mountains but the deeply dissected edge of the Arabian plateau. From the west the formations rise abruptly from the narrow coastal plain in Yemen; they reach heights of about 10,000 to…

Yemen: Government and society: ” The Yemen Socialist Party (YSP), the only legal political organization, determined government policy and exercised control over the state administrative system, the legislature, and the military.

Yemen: Transportation and telecommunications: Today, Yemenia (Yemen Airways) operates regular service to a large number of countries in the Red Sea region and to most other Arab states, as well as to a growing number of European transportation hubs. Major airports are at Aden, Sanaa, and Hodeidah. There are a number…

Jerusalem: City layout: …such as Mishkenot Shaʾananim and Yemin Moshe, with its famous windmill landmark, have been reconstructed and resettled or turned into cultural centers. Others include the Bukharan Quarter; Meʾa Sheʿarim, founded by Orthodox Jews from eastern and central Europe, with its scores of small synagogues and yeshivas; and Maḥane Yehuda, with…

Yemmiganur, town, western Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies in the upland Rayalaseema region, about 10 miles (16 km) south of the Tungabhadra River and some 35 miles (56 km) west of the city of Kurnool. Yemmiganur was included in the Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar, which flourished during

Yemonja, Yoruban deity celebrated as the giver of life and as the metaphysical mother of all orisha (deities) within the Yoruba spiritual pantheon. Yemonja’s name is derived from the Yoruba words Yeye or Iya (“mother”), omo (“child/children”), and eja (“fish”) and thus literally means “Mother whose

Yemonja, Yoruban deity celebrated as the giver of life and as the metaphysical mother of all orisha (deities) within the Yoruba spiritual pantheon. Yemonja’s name is derived from the Yoruba words Yeye or Iya (“mother”), omo (“child/children”), and eja (“fish”) and thus literally means “Mother whose

yan, type of ancient Chinese bronze steamer, or cooking vessel, used particularly for grain. It consisted of a deep upper bowl with a pierced bottom, which was placed upon or attached to a lower, legged vessel similar in shape to the li. It was produced during the Shang, or Yin (18th–12th century

yen, monetary unit of Japan. The yen was divided into 100 sen and into 1,000 rin until 1954, when these tiny denominations were removed from circulation. Despite having suffered enormous devastation during World War II, Japan enjoyed an economic miracle in the second half of the 20th century,

Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang: …action—an event known as the Yen Bai uprising—occurred on the night of Feb. 9, 1930, when the military garrison at Yen Bai, a small town along the Chinese border, mutinied. Before the remainder of the country could follow suit, however, the French, who had been alerted, crushed the revolt with…

Chiang Kai-shek: …he was succeeded temporarily by Yen Chia-kan (C.K. Yen), who was in 1978 replaced by Chiang’s son Chiang Ching-kuo.

Yan Fu was a Chinese scholar who translated into Chinese works by T.H. Huxley, John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer, Adam Smith, and others in an attempt to show that the secret to Western wealth and power did not lie in Western technological advances, such as gunmaking, but in the ideas and

Yan Ruoqu was a great Chinese scholar from the early period of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) who proved that 25 chapters of the Shujing, or Shangshu, one of the Five Classics of Confucianism, upon which the government modeled itself for more than a thousand years, were forged. Yan early became

Yan Liben was one of the most famous Chinese figure painters in the early years of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Yan was a high official within the imperial court, but his fame derives from his skill as a painter. He is recorded as having painted Buddhist and Daoist subjects and as having received

Yan Yuan was the Chinese founder of a pragmatic empirical school of Confucianism opposed to the speculative neo-Confucian philosophy that had dominated China since the 11th century. Yan’s father was abducted into the Manchu army when Yan was three. He never returned, and the family lived in

Chiang Kai-shek: …he was succeeded temporarily by Yen Chia-kan (C.K. Yen), who was in 1978 replaced by Chiang’s son Chiang Ching-kuo.

Yan’an, city, northern Shaanxi sheng (province), north-central China. It became famous as the wartime stronghold of the Chinese Communist Party from the mid-1930s to 1949. Yan’an is on the heavily dissected Loess Plateau, which consists of loess (windblown soil) that is deeply etched by gullies.

Yancheng, city, north-central Jiangsu sheng (province), eastern China, in the province’s eastern coastal district. Yancheng is now some 25 miles (40 km) from the coast, but in ancient times it was close to the sea and, from the 8th century onward, had to be constantly protected by dikes. The most

Yanji, city, eastern Jilin sheng (province), far northeastern China. It is a county-level shi (municipality) and the administrative seat of Yanbian Chaoxianzu (Korean) Autonomous Prefecture, which covers a mountainous area on the North Korean–Chinese border, more than half of whose inhabitants are

Beijing, city, province-level shi (municipality), and capital of the People’s Republic of China. Few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural centre of an area as immense as China. The city has been an integral part of China’s history over the past

Yantai, port city, northeastern Shandong sheng (province), northeast-central China. It is located on the northern coast of the Shandong Peninsula on the Yellow Sea, about 45 miles (70 km) west of Weihai. The city was traditionally known as Zhifu (Chefoo), which was the name of the island that

Yenagoa, town, capital of Bayelsa state, southern Nigeria, in the Niger River delta. Situated in an area of swamps and mangrove and tropical rainforests, it is a traditional home of the Ijo people, a fishing group who, following contact with European traders, became middlemen in the export of

Yenakiyeve, city, eastern Ukraine. It lies along the Krynka River. A pig-iron concern began there in 1858 but lasted only eight years; not until the first coal mines opened in the locality in 1883 did industrialization begin. A metallurgical factory established in 1895–97 was later reconstructed.

Yenakiyeve, city, eastern Ukraine. It lies along the Krynka River. A pig-iron concern began there in 1858 but lasted only eight years; not until the first coal mines opened in the locality in 1883 did industrialization begin. A metallurgical factory established in 1895–97 was later reconstructed.

Yenangyaung, town, west-central Myanmar (Burma), on the Irrawaddy River, 135 miles (217 km) southwest of Mandalay. It is the centre of oil fields that were long the most productive in Myanmar. Pop. (1993 est.)

Yanbuʿ, town, western Saudi Arabia, on the Red Sea north of Jiddah. It serves as the country’s second Red Sea port, after Jiddah, and is the main port for Medina, 100 miles (160 km) to the east. The economy of Yanbuʿ was traditionally based on the pilgrim trade and the export of agricultural

Sydney Thompson Dobell was an English poet of the so-called Spasmodic school. The long dramatic poem The Roman (1850), which Dobell published under the name Sydney Yendys, celebrated the cause of Italian liberation. Another long poem, Balder (1853), is concerned with the inner life of a poet who

Yengema, town, east-central Sierra Leone. The headquarters of a diamond-mining area inhabited mainly by the Kono and Mandingo peoples, the town has diamond-washing plants, a hospital, and several schools. Pop. (latest est.)

Orhan Pamuk: Works: …of Istanbul, and the mysteries Yeni hayat (1996; The New Life) and Benim adım kırmızı (1998; My Name Is Red).

Young Ottomans, secret Turkish nationalist organization formed in Istanbul in June 1865. A forerunner of other Turkish nationalist groups (see Young Turks), the Young Ottomans favoured converting the Turkish-dominated multinational Ottoman Empire into a more purely Turkish state and called for the

Janissary, member of an elite corps in the standing army of the Ottoman Empire from the late 14th century to 1826. Highly respected for their military prowess in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Janissaries became a powerful political force within the Ottoman state. During peacetime they were used

Osman I: …several former Byzantine fortresses, including Yenişehir, which provided the Ottomans with a strong base to lay siege to Bursa and Nicaea (now İznik), in northwestern Anatolia. Osman was succeded by his son Orhan, who captured Bursa on April 6, 1326. Ottoman tradition holds that Osman died just after the capture…

Yenisey River, river of central Russia, one of the longest rivers in Asia. The world’s sixth largest river in terms of discharge, the Yenisey runs from south to north across the great expanse of central Siberia. It traverses a vast region of strikingly varied landscapes where ancient peoples and

Yeniseian languages, small group of languages generally classified among the Paleo-Siberian languages. That category includes Yeniseian languages with three other genetically unrelated groups—Nivkh, Luorawetlan languages, and Yukaghir (itself now sometimes considered to be a distant relative of the

Enets, an indigenous Arctic people who traditionally resided on the east bank of the lower Yenisey River of Russia. They numbered about 300 in the Russian census of 2002. The Enets live in the Arctic tundra, a region of permafrost, and are divided into two major groups, the so-called Tundra Enets

Enets, an indigenous Arctic people who traditionally resided on the east bank of the lower Yenisey River of Russia. They numbered about 300 in the Russian census of 2002. The Enets live in the Arctic tundra, a region of permafrost, and are divided into two major groups, the so-called Tundra Enets

Samoyedic languages: …subgroup consists of Nenets (Yurak), Enets (Yenisey), and Nganasan (Tavgi). The South Samoyedic subgroup comprises Selkup and the practically extinct Kamas language. None of these languages was written before 1930, and they are currently used only occasionally for educational purposes in some elementary schools.

Ket, indigenous people of central Siberia who live in the Yenisey River basin; in the late 20th century they numbered about 500. Certain traits of the Ket suggest a southerly origin. Their language, Ket, is the last true survivor of the Yeniseian group spoken in the area. Usually classed as

Yenisey River, river of central Russia, one of the longest rivers in Asia. The world’s sixth largest river in terms of discharge, the Yenisey runs from south to north across the great expanse of central Siberia. It traverses a vast region of strikingly varied landscapes where ancient peoples and

Enets, an indigenous Arctic people who traditionally resided on the east bank of the lower Yenisey River of Russia. They numbered about 300 in the Russian census of 2002. The Enets live in the Arctic tundra, a region of permafrost, and are divided into two major groups, the so-called Tundra Enets

Ket language, one of two surviving members of the Yeniseian family of languages spoken by about 500 people living in central Siberia. (The other, a moribund close relative called Yug [Yugh], or Sym, is sometimes considered a dialect of Ket.) The Yeniseian languages are not known to be related to

Yeniseian languages, small group of languages generally classified among the Paleo-Siberian languages. That category includes Yeniseian languages with three other genetically unrelated groups—Nivkh, Luorawetlan languages, and Yukaghir (itself now sometimes considered to be a distant relative of the

Yeniseian languages, small group of languages generally classified among the Paleo-Siberian languages. That category includes Yeniseian languages with three other genetically unrelated groups—Nivkh, Luorawetlan languages, and Yukaghir (itself now sometimes considered to be a distant relative of the

Barbra Streisand: Star of stage and screen: …directorial debut in 1983 with Yentl, based on a story by Isaac Bashevis Singer about a young woman who pretends to be a man in order to continue her studies. Streisand starred in the title role—which she had wanted to play since 1968—as well as cowriting and coproducing the movie.

Clym Yeobright, fictional character, an idealistic young man who returns from a stay in Paris to his home on England’s Egdon Heath, in Thomas Hardy’s novel The Return of the Native

Michelle Yeoh is a Malaysian actress considered to be one of the greatest female action movie stars, especially known for performing her own frequently dangerous stunts. She also earned accolades for her acting, and in 2023 she became the first Asian performer to win the Academy Award for best

yeoman, in English history, a class intermediate between the gentry and the labourers; a yeoman was usually a landholder but could also be a retainer, guard, attendant, or subordinate official. The word appears in Middle English as yemen, or yoman, and is perhaps a contraction of yeng man or yong

United States: The South of the United States: The Upland South, which comprises the southern Appalachians, the upper Appalachian Piedmont, the Cumberland and other low interior plateaus, and the Ozarks and Ouachitas, was colonized culturally and demographically from the Chesapeake Bay hearth area and the Midland; it is most emphatically white Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP)…

yeoman warder, the official guardian of the Tower of London. The office of yeoman warder has existed since the Tower was constructed in the 11th century; it is one of the oldest such offices in the world (compare Swiss Guards). In early times yeoman warders were charged with guarding the Tower’s

yeoman, in English history, a class intermediate between the gentry and the labourers; a yeoman was usually a landholder but could also be a retainer, guard, attendant, or subordinate official. The word appears in Middle English as yemen, or yoman, and is perhaps a contraction of yeng man or yong

Yeomen of the Guard, the personal bodyguard of the sovereign of England, in continuous existence since they were established by King Henry VII in 1485. They should not be confused with the yeomen warders of the Tower of London, often called “Beefeaters,” who, like the Yeomen of the Guard, wear

Yeongjo, (reigned 1724–76) king of the Korean Joseon dynasty. A reformer, Yeongjo reinstated the universal military service tax but then reduced it by half, making up the deficiency with other taxes. He adopted an accounting system and reduced an onerous cloth tax. Yeongjo upgraded the status of

Yeongsan River, river, southwestern South Korea. Rising in extreme northern South Jeolla do (province), the Yeongsan River flows 80 miles (130 km) southwest into the Yellow Sea near Mokpo. The drainage basin is South Korea’s most important rice-growing area and was the scene in the late 20th

Yeongsan River, river, southwestern South Korea. Rising in extreme northern South Jeolla do (province), the Yeongsan River flows 80 miles (130 km) southwest into the Yellow Sea near Mokpo. The drainage basin is South Korea’s most important rice-growing area and was the scene in the late 20th

Yeosu, city, South Jeolla do (province), on Yeosu Peninsula, extreme southern South Korea. Such large islands as Namhae, Dolsan, and Geumo protect its natural port. The Korean navy headquarters were located there during the Joseon (Yi) dynasty (1392–1910) before being moved to Tongyeong. With

Yeosu-Suncheon Rebellion, (1948) left-wing military and civilian protest against the nascent South Korean government in southern Korea during the post-World War II period. In mid-October 1948, when the Korean Peninsula was still coping with its recent division into the two separate political

Yavatmal, city, northeastern Maharashtra state, western India. It is situated in a plateau region about 15 miles (24 km) southwest of the Wardha River. Yavatmal lies on major roads to Nagpur (northeast), Mumbai (Bombay; southwest), and Hyderabad, Telangana state (south). It is the regional centre

South Somerset: …town and administrative centre is Yeovil. Its rapidly developing industries include food processing, light engineering, and the manufacture of helicopters and aircraft equipment, in addition to its traditional glove-making and leather-dressing trades. Area 370 square miles (959 square km). Pop. (2001) 150,969; (2011) 161,243.

Laurence Yep is a prolific American author of more than 60 children’s and young adult books. He is well known for two of his books, Dragonwings (1975) and Dragon’s Gate (1993), which were named Newbery Honor books. In 2005, Yep won the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award (now the Children’s Literature

Laurence Yep is a prolific American author of more than 60 children’s and young adult books. He is well known for two of his books, Dragonwings (1975) and Dragon’s Gate (1993), which were named Newbery Honor books. In 2005, Yep won the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award (now the Children’s Literature

St. John of the Cross ; canonized 1726; feast day December 14) was one of the greatest Christian mystics and Spanish poets. A reformer of Spanish monasticism and cofounder of the contemplative order of Discalced Carmelites in the 16th century, he was canonized in 1726 by Pope Benedict XIII. In 1926

Yeppoon, coastal town, east-central Queensland, eastern Australia. It lies 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Rockhampton and 435 miles (700 km) north of the state capital, Brisbane. Surveyed in 1872, the town was at first known as Bald Hill. European settlement of the area began in 1865, and the town’s

Behind the Scenes: 7 Historical Figures in Beatles Lyrics: Bob Dylan - Yer Blues (1968):

Laconia: …the Maléa peninsula, and elsewhere; Yeráki, a quiet village southeast of Sparta, has been occupied continuously since Neolithic times and has remains from several periods of its history. In the Late Mycenaean period (1400–1100 bce) numerous settlements were founded; Laconia was a strong kingdom ruled by Menelaus, according to Homer.…

San Francisco: Exploration and early settlement: …up on the shore of Yerba Buena Cove, 2 miles (3 km) east of the mission. The pioneer settler was an Englishman, Captain William Anthony Richardson, who in 1835 cleared a plot of land and erected San Francisco’s first dwelling—a tent made of four pieces of redwood and a ship’s…

Bay Bridge: …San Francisco to Oakland via Yerba Buena Island. One of the preeminent engineering feats of the 20th century, it was built during the 1930s under the direction of C.H. Purcell. It opened to traffic on November 12, 1936.

mate, tealike beverage, popular in many South American countries, brewed from the dried leaves of an evergreen shrub or tree (Ilex paraguariensis) related to holly. It is a stimulating drink, greenish in colour, containing caffeine and tannin, and is less astringent than tea. Mate is especially

holly: …made from the leaves of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis).

Frank Yerby was an American author of popular historical fiction. Yerby’s story “Health Card” won the O. Henry Memorial Award for best first published short story in 1944. In 1946 his first novel, The Foxes of Harrow, was an immediate success. His novels are action-packed, usually featuring a

Frank Yerby was an American author of popular historical fiction. Yerby’s story “Health Card” won the O. Henry Memorial Award for best first published short story in 1944. In 1946 his first novel, The Foxes of Harrow, was an immediate success. His novels are action-packed, usually featuring a

Western architecture: The early Byzantine period (330–726): In some, like the great Basilica Cistern near Hagia Sophia called by the Turks the Yerebatan (Underground) Palace, old material was reused; in others, like the even more impressive Binbirdirek (Thousand and One Columns) cistern, new columns of unusually tall and slender proportions and new capitals of cubic form were…

Nikita Khrushchev: Political career under Stalin: …was political adviser to Marshal Andrey I. Yeremenko during the defense of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) and to Lieutenant General Nikolay F. Vatutin during the huge tank battle at Kursk.

Gao Xingjian: …plays such as Yeren (1985; Wild Man) and, most notably, Bi’an (1986; The Other Shore), which was quickly banned by the authorities. Gao then embarked on a 10-month walking tour following the course of the Yangtze River—a spiritual pilgrimage that became the basis for his first novel, Lingshan (1989; Soul…

Yerevan, capital of Armenia. It is situated on the Hrazdan River, 14 miles (23 km) from the Turkish frontier. Though first historically recorded in 607 ce, Yerevan dates by archaeological evidence to a settlement on the site in the 6th–3rd millennia bce and subsequently to the fortress of Erebuni

Kalmykiya: The Yergeni hills and the Salsk-Manych ridge rise to a maximum of 725 feet (221 metres) along the republic’s western boundary. A long panhandle of the republic extends westward through the Manych Depression, containing large salt lakes by way of which the Caspian was formerly linked…

star: Classification of spectral types: …of spectral classification, called the MK system (after the American astronomers William W. Morgan and Philip C. Keenan, who introduced it), luminosity class is assigned to the star along with the Draper spectral type. For example, the star Alpha Persei is classified as F5 Ib, which means that it falls…

Robert M. Yerkes: …of behaviour, it was renamed Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology after his resignation as director in 1941. Chimpanzees (1943), his other major work, was also his last. He retired from his teaching post at Yale in 1944.

Yerkes Observatory, astronomical observatory located at Williams Bay on Lake Geneva in southeastern Wisconsin, U.S. The Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago was named for its benefactor, transportation magnate Charles T. Yerkes, and was opened in 1897. It contains the largest refracting

Charles Tyson Yerkes was an American financier who put together the syndicate of companies that built Chicago’s mass-transit system. Yerkes started as a clerk at a Philadelphia commission broker, and by 1862 he was able to purchase his own banking house. In 1871 a stock exchange panic brought on by

Robert M. Yerkes was an American psychologist and a principal developer of comparative (animal) psychology in the United States. After graduating from Ursinus College, Yerkes took his Ph.D. degree at Harvard University in 1902 and then served first as instructor and then as professor of psychology

Robert M. Yerkes was an American psychologist and a principal developer of comparative (animal) psychology in the United States. After graduating from Ursinus College, Yerkes took his Ph.D. degree at Harvard University in 1902 and then served first as instructor and then as professor of psychology

motivation: The inverted-U function: The relationship between changes in arousal and motivation is often expressed as an inverted-U function (also known as the Yerkes-Dodson law). The basic concept is that, as arousal level increases, performance improves, but only to a point, beyond which increases in arousal lead…

Yerma, tragedy in three acts by Federico García Lorca, produced in 1934 and published in 1937. It is the second play in a trilogy that also includes Blood Wedding and The House of Bernarda Alba. The drama’s frustrated title character cannot accept her childlessness, and she is driven to

Yermak Timofeyevich was a Cossack leader of an expeditionary force during Russia’s initial attempts to annex western Siberia. He became a hero of Russian folklore. In 1579 the merchant and factory-owning Stroganov family enlisted the assistance of Yermak and a band of Cossacks to force Siberian

Australia: The Portuguese: …including a reference indicating that Melville Island, off the northern coast, supplied slaves. Certainly the Portuguese debated the issue of a terra australis incognita (Latin: “unknown southern land”)—an issue in European thought in ancient times and revived from the 12th century onward. The so-called Dieppe maps present a landmass, “Java…

Prov Sadovsky was a Russian character actor and patriarch of a three-generation theatrical family. He is regarded as the greatest interpreter of Aleksandr Ostrovsky’s plays and was responsible, in part, for securing Ostrovsky’s reputation. Sadovsky was reared and trained by his maternal uncles, who

Maria Nikolayevna Yermolova was a Russian dramatic actress whose 50-year career was devoted to imbuing her portrayals of stage heroines with a liberal spirit of active independence. Yermolova was trained at the Moscow Theatre School and made her debut at age 17 in the title role of Gotthold

Russia: The 20th century: …leave the Soviet Union; and Venedikt Yerofeyev, whose grotesque latter-day picaresque Moscow-Petushki—published in a clandestine (samizdat) edition in 1968—is a minor classic.

Alexandre Yersin was a Swiss-born French bacteriologist and one of the discoverers of the bubonic plague bacillus, Pasteurella pestis, now called Yersinia pestis. Yersin studied medicine at the universities of Marburg and Paris and bacteriology with Émile Roux in Paris and Robert Koch in Berlin. In

Alexandre Yersin was a Swiss-born French bacteriologist and one of the discoverers of the bubonic plague bacillus, Pasteurella pestis, now called Yersinia pestis. Yersin studied medicine at the universities of Marburg and Paris and bacteriology with Émile Roux in Paris and Robert Koch in Berlin. In

Alexandre Yersin was a Swiss-born French bacteriologist and one of the discoverers of the bubonic plague bacillus, Pasteurella pestis, now called Yersinia pestis. Yersin studied medicine at the universities of Marburg and Paris and bacteriology with Émile Roux in Paris and Robert Koch in Berlin. In