railroad: Automatic body tilting: The permissible maximum speed of a passenger train through curves is the level beyond which a railroad considers passengers will suffer unacceptable centrifugal force; the limit beyond which derailment becomes a risk is considerably higher. On a line built for exclusive use…

Hunt v. McNair: Background: In addition, in Tilton v. Richardson (1971), a decision that was handed down on the same day as Lemon, the court applied the Lemon test in upholding the constitutionality of a state program that provided construction grants to institutions of higher education, including those that were church-related, thus…

Henry Ward Beecher: …former friend and literary protégé Theodore Tilton, who charged him with adultery with his wife. Two ecclesiastical tribunals exonerated Beecher, though the jury in the civil suit failed to reach agreement, as have later students of the evidence. Despite the scandal, however, he remained active and influential until his death.

baseball: Baseball and the arts: …expressed in Jack Norworth and Albert Von Tilzer’s “Take Me Out to the Ball Game,” a 1908 ditty that became baseball’s national anthem. For artists, the ballpark has often been an escape from the real world, an idyllic place where fans don’t care if they “never get back.” But the…

dermatitis: Environmental influences and treatment: Topical immunomodulators (TIMs), which are steroid-free skin medications, have been developed. These agents work by inhibiting the activation of immune substances. However, due to their potentially dangerous side effects (e.g., lymphoma), TIMs are considered second-line treatments for dermatitis. Other therapies used for dermatitis include antihistamines,…

Michael W. Young: …discovered a second key gene, timeless, RNA levels of which oscillate on a 24-hour cycle, and found that the timeless protein, TIM, could bind to PER, the protein produced by period, enabling PER to enter the cell nucleus to inhibit its own transcription (synthesis of RNA from DNA). Young’s discoveries…

Colleen McCullough: Her first novel, Tim (1974; film 1979), about a love affair between a learning disabled man and an older woman, was well received. It was, however, her second effort, The Thorn Birds, that won her a devoted following. The novel, which centers on a thwarted love affair between…

Islamic arts: Other types of religious buildings: …such as the one at Tim (976), which already has the high facade typical of so many later monumental tombs. In all instances the Muslims took over or rediscovered the ancient tradition of the centrally planned building as the characteristic commemorative structure.

Glory: …Polarimetry Sensor (APS) and the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM). The APS would have used the polarization of light caused by the presence of aerosols such as soot and sulfates, which contribute to global warming, to measure their geographic distribution. The TIM would have used four radiometers designed to measure the…

the Replacements: …albums: Let it Be (1984), Tim (1985), and Pleased to Meet Me (1987). The albums document Westerberg’s growing sophistication as a pop tunesmith, but they promised a commercial breakthrough that never came. In 1986 Bob Stinson was fired for drug and alcohol abuse and replaced the following year by Slim…

Indonesia: Cultural institutions: …municipal government in 1968, is Ismail Marzuki Park (Taman Ismail Marzuki; TIM), named after a prominent Jakarta-born composer. The centre has generated a fresh approach to both tradition and modernism. While offering regular performances of local and regional arts, TIM also produces modernist theatrical works that typically fuse Indonesian and…

Tim Burton: …Big Fish (2003), he made Corpse Bride (2005), which was nominated for an Academy Award for best animated feature. The film featured voice work by Depp and Bonham Carter, both of whom subsequently reteamed with Burton on Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), based on Stephen Sondheim’s…

Tim Horton: In 1974 Tim Hortons had 40 locations in Canada, and by the early 21st century there were more than 3,500 restaurants in Canada and the United States.

Taylor Swift: Early life: …and her first single, “Tim McGraw” (inspired by and prominently referencing a song by Swift’s favorite country artist), was released in the summer of 2006.

Tim Tam, (foaled 1955), American racehorse (Thoroughbred) who in 1958 won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes but lost at the Belmont Stakes, ending his bid for the coveted Triple Crown of American horse racing. Tim Tam was a promising two-year-old bay colt from Calumet Farm in Lexington,

Timms Hill, highest point (1,952 feet [595 metres]) in Wisconsin, U.S. It lies in the north-central part of the state in Price county, a few miles southeast of Prentice, near Ogema, between two sections of Chequamegon National Forest. It was probably named for a local pioneer settler. Timms Hill is

Timaeus was a Greek historian whose writings shaped the tradition of western Mediterranean history. Expelled from Sicily by Agathocles, the tyrant of Syracuse, about 315 bc, Timaeus went to Athens, where he studied rhetoric under Isocrates’ pupil Philiscus of Miletus and passed 50 years of his

Plato: Late dialogues of Plato: The Timaeus concerns the creation of the world by a Demiurge, initially operating on forms and space and assisted after he has created them by lesser gods. Earth, air, fire, and water are analyzed as ultimately consisting of two kinds of triangles, which combine into different…

Gaius Asinius Pollio: …gave hospitality to the rhetorician Timagenes, when the latter was in disgrace with Augustus. This was the main period of his activity as an advocate, and he devoted himself to the support of literature, organizing public recitations.

Singapore: Relief: Timah Hill, the highest summit, has an elevation of only 531 feet (162 meters); with other peaks, such as Panjang and Mandai hills, it forms a block of rugged terrain in the center of the island. To the west and south are lower scarps with…

Timan Ridge, ridge of high land situated in northeastern European Russia, oriented in a roughly north-south direction and stretching for about 470 miles (750 km) from the Barents Sea to the source of the Vychegda River. The ridge was formed by an upwarping of the underlying Russian Platform and

Timan Ridge, ridge of high land situated in northeastern European Russia, oriented in a roughly north-south direction and stretching for about 470 miles (750 km) from the Barents Sea to the source of the Vychegda River. The ridge was formed by an upwarping of the underlying Russian Platform and

timar, in the Ottoman Empire, grant of lands or revenues by the sultan to an individual in compensation for his services, essentially similar to the iqṭāʿ of the Islamic empire of the Caliphate. (See also

Mithradates I: …Media from the Seleucid ruler Timarchus. Turning to the east, he won two provinces, Tapuria and Traxiana, from the Bactrian king Eucratides. Mithradates then captured the province of Elymais (ancient Elam) and invaded Babylonia (142 or 141). The Seleucid king Demetrius II Nicator recaptured Babylon (141 or 140) but was…

Aeschines: …had been concluded, Demosthenes and Timarchus prepared to prosecute him for treason. In retaliation Aeschines successfully indicted Timarchus for gross immorality, and at his own trial in 343 he was acquitted by a narrow majority.

Timaru, city (“district”) and port, east-central South Island, New Zealand, on Canterbury Bight. Although the settlement’s boundaries were delineated as early as 1856, the actual founding did not take place until 1859, when the first ship taking immigrants directly from Britain to New Zealand

cicada: Physical description and song: …noises by vibrating membranes (tymbals) near the base of the abdomen. Males of each species typically have three distinct sound responses: a congregational song that is regulated by daily weather fluctuations and by songs produced by other males; a courtship song, usually produced prior to copulation; and a disturbance…

Timbaland is an influential American producer and hip-hop and rhythm-and-blues performer who contributed to the chart-scaling success of a host of recording artists in the early 21st century. Mosley grew up in Virginia with rappers Missy (“Misdemeanor”) Elliot and Magoo. At age 19, he began to

Latin jazz: …of the vibraphone and the timbales, a pair of shallow single-headed drums with a metal casing. With players using sticks to strike not only the heads but also the metal rims and sides of the instruments, the timbales added several distinct timbres to the music’s rhythmic component.

wood, the principal strengthening and nutrient-conducting tissue of trees and other plants and one of the most abundant and versatile natural materials. Produced by many botanical species, including both gymnosperms and angiosperms, wood is available in various colours and grain patterns. It is

timbre, quality of auditory sensations produced by the tone of a sound wave. The timbre of a sound depends on its wave form, which varies with the number of overtones, or harmonics, that are present, their frequencies, and their relative intensities. The illustration shows the wave form that

wood: Sawn wood: Lumber is the main sawn wood product. Lumber of large dimensions—more than about 10 cm (4 inches) in width and thickness—and suitable for heavy constructions is called timber. This loose term, however, is also applied to wood of a forest stand and to…

bark beetle: …included in this subfamily, the ambrosia beetles (also called timber beetles), bore into the wood of trees and destroy significant amounts of timber. The female constructs a long central gallery, off of which are the egg chambers. On a pile of excrement and wood chips in the main chamber, she…

D. Wayne Lukas: Horse training: …Derby and the Belmont, and Timber Country took the Preakness. After his Grindstone won the 1996 Kentucky Derby, Lukas became the first trainer to win six consecutive Triple Crown races.

timber framing, wooden structural framework that forms the interior and exterior walls of half-timber work

timber rattlesnake, (Crotalus horridus), species of venomous North American snakes classified in the family Viperidae that inhabit low mountain ridges and upland woods in the eastern United States. Its range extends from New Hampshire along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Florida and, on its

timber rattlesnake, (Crotalus horridus), species of venomous North American snakes classified in the family Viperidae that inhabit low mountain ridges and upland woods in the eastern United States. Its range extends from New Hampshire along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Florida and, on its

gray wolf, (Canis lupus), largest wild member of the dog family (Canidae). It inhabits vast areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Between 5 and 24 subspecies of gray wolves are recognized in North America and 7 to 12 are recognized in Eurasia, with 1 in Africa. Wolves were domesticated several thousand

dramatic literature: Western theory: … (1595) and Ben Jonson in Timber (1640) merely attacked contemporary stage practice. Jonson, in certain prefaces, however, also developed a tested theory of comic characterization (the “humours”) that was to affect English comedy for a hundred years. The best of Neoclassical criticism in English is John Dryden’s Of Dramatick Poesie,…

Justin Timberlake is an American pop singer and actor who achieved fame as a member of the hugely successful boy band *NSYNC before establishing a career as a solo performer. He also acted in films and television shows, including memorable appearances as both host and musical guest on the

Justin Timberlake is an American pop singer and actor who achieved fame as a member of the hugely successful boy band *NSYNC before establishing a career as a solo performer. He also acted in films and television shows, including memorable appearances as both host and musical guest on the

timberline, upper limit of tree growth in mountainous regions or in high latitudes, as in the Arctic. Its location depends largely on temperature but also on soil, drainage, and other factors. The mountain timberline always would be higher near the Equator than near the poles if it were not for the

Mamou: Timbo, the seat of the Fulani almamys (Muslim political, religious, and military leaders) of the 18th- and 19th-century state of Fouta Djallon, lies 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Mamou. Pop. (1996) 49,479.

timbre, quality of auditory sensations produced by the tone of a sound wave. The timbre of a sound depends on its wave form, which varies with the number of overtones, or harmonics, that are present, their frequencies, and their relative intensities. The illustration shows the wave form that

percussion instrument: Membranophones: …sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and dancing.” They are still played throughout the Middle East—in some areas in art-music ensembles, in others only in popular and folk music.

mbira, plucked idiophone (instrument whose sounding parts are resonant solids belonging to the body of the instrument itself)—or more specifically, a lamellaphone—that is unique to Africa and widely distributed throughout the continent. The mbira consists of a series of tuned metal or bamboo

Timbuktu, région, northern Mali, West Africa, bordering Mauritania on the northwest, Algeria on the northeast, and the régions of Gao on the east and Mopti and Ségou on the south. Timbuktu région was created in 1977 from the western part of Gao région. It is entirely within the Sahara (desert)

Timbuktu, city in the western African country of Mali, historically important as a trading post on the trans-Saharan caravan route and as a centre of Islamic culture (c. 1400–1600). It is located on the southern edge of the Sahara, about 8 miles (13 km) north of the Niger River. The city was

Rod Stewart: Solo career: …writing his own material for Time (2013), a smoothly diverse set of songs that found him in a nostalgic mood, and the appealing yet uneven Another Country (2015). His 30th studio album, Blood Red Roses (2018), yielded the minor hit song “Didn’t I.” He later released You’re in My Heart:…

Time, American weekly newsmagazine, published in New York City. Time was the creation of two young journalists, Henry R. Luce and Briton Hadden, who wanted to start a magazine that would inform busy readers in a systematic, concise, and well-organized manner about current events in the United

time, a measured or measurable period, a continuum that lacks spatial dimensions. Time is of philosophical interest and is also the subject of mathematical and scientific investigation. Time appears to be more puzzling than space because it seems to flow or pass or else people seem to advance

Mary Steenburgen: Wells) in the time-travel film Time After Time (1979). In her third movie, Melvin and Howard (1980), Steenburgen’s performance as the winsome go-go dancer married to the hapless dreamer Melvin Dummar (played by Paul Le Mat) won her both a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award as best supporting…

Henri Bergson: Early years: …immédiates de la conscience (1889; Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness), for which he received the doctorate the same year. This work was primarily an attempt to establish the notion of duration, or lived time, as opposed to what Bergson viewed as the spatialized…

Robert Hass: …and his work, collected as Time and Materials: Poems, 1997–2005 (2007), received a National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize. The Apple Trees at Olema: New and Selected Poems was published in 2010. Four years later Hass received the Wallace Stevens Award from the Academy of American Poets. Summer Snow:…

Belize: The arts of Belize: Another of Edgell’s novels, Time and the River (2007), looks at the slave society of Belize in the early 19th century.

Érico Lopes Veríssimo: , Time and the Wind, 1951), traces the history of a Brazilian family through several generations to the late 20th century. It is perhaps the most faithful portrayal of the gaucho.

history of publishing: Britain: …in a broad context; while Time and Tide(1920–79), originally founded by Lady Rhondda as an independent journal, was an influential newsmagazine. Several other periodicals met the need for serious articles on current questions; among them are The Economist (founded 1843); The Listener (founded 1929), published by the British Broadcasting Corporation…

telephone: Undersea cable: …voice data reduction known as time assignment speech interpolation, or TASI, was introduced. In TASI the natural pauses occurring in speech were used to carry other speech conversations. In this way a coaxial cable system designed for 4,200 two-way voice circuits could support 10,500 circuits.

Terry Gilliam: He followed that with Time Bandits (1981), a fantasy-adventure about a young boy’s time-jumping travels with a band of treasure-hunting dwarfs. His well-received 1985 film Brazil depicted a comic but frightening futuristic world and starred Jonathan Pryce, Palin, and Robert De Niro. Its screenplay, cowritten by Gilliam, was nominated…

Doris Lessing: Her collection of essays Time Bites (2004) displays her wide-ranging interests, from women’s issues and politics to Sufism. Alfred and Emily (2008) is a mix of fiction and memoir centred on her parents.

Eduardo Kac: Time Capsule, a combination of performance and conceptual art, was staged in 1997 in São Paulo. The piece centred on the injection into Kac’s leg of a microchip normally used to track pets; he registered himself in the tracking company’s database. That year he became…

certificate of deposit: …demand certificates of deposit and time certificates of deposit.

charter party: …chartering a tramp ship—voyage charter, time charter, bareboat charter, and “lump-sum” contract. The voyage charter is the most common. Under this method a ship is chartered for a one-way voyage between specific ports with a specified cargo at a negotiated rate of freight. On time charter, the charterer hires the…

time complexity, a description of how much computer time is required to run an algorithm. In computer science, time complexity is one of two commonly discussed kinds of computational complexity, the other being space complexity (the amount of memory used to run an algorithm). Understanding the time

radiation measurement: Pulse mode: …of configuration has an associated time constant given by the product of the resistance and capacitance values (RC). For simplicity, it will be assumed that this time constant is long compared with the charge collection time in the detector but small relative to the average time between interactions of individual…

chess: Origin of time controls: The rise of competitive chess with the Bourdonnais-McDonnell match of 1834 and the London tournament of 1851 posed a question of fairness: should a player be allowed to take enormous amounts of time? Previously, chess was governed by an unwritten amateur privilege that…

deposit account: Theoretically, the time deposit is payable only after a fixed interval of time; in practice, withdrawals from most small time-deposit accounts are paid on demand.

time dilation, in the theory of special relativity, the “slowing down” of a clock as determined by an observer who is in relative motion with respect to that clock. In special relativity, an observer in inertial (i.e., nonaccelerating) motion has a well-defined means of determining which events

John Grisham: Other novels: In A Time for Mercy (2020), Grisham continued the story of Jake Brigance, who defends a teenager accused of murder. He also published The Judge’s List (2021); Sparring Partners (2022); a collection of novellas; and The Boys from Biloxi (2022). In 2023 Grisham released The Exchange,…

Ben Okri: …of Being Free (1997) and A Time for New Dreams (2011) are collections of Okri’s essays. Although typically not overtly political, Okri’s works nevertheless convey clear and urgent messages about the need for Africans to reforge their identities.

Patricia Cornwell: Cornwell’s first book, A Time for Remembering (1983), was a biography of Ruth Graham, who had served as a surrogate mother. Cornwell, having developed what she called a “healthy respect for evil” while working for the Observer, made the focus of her second book crime. Her first three…

bomb: Guidance and arming: A time fuze, by contrast, acts after a controlled delay. Another type, the proximity fuze, senses when a target is close enough to be destroyed by the bomb’s explosion. The sensor is typically a small radar set that sends out signals and listens for their reflections…

bomb: Guidance and arming: A time fuze, by contrast, acts after a controlled delay. Another type, the proximity fuze, senses when a target is close enough to be destroyed by the bomb’s explosion. The sensor is typically a small radar set that sends out signals and listens for their reflections…

THEMIS, five U.S. satellites that studied variations in the aurora. The spacecraft were launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Feb. 17, 2007. By following elliptical orbits whose orientation shifted relative to Earth, the Sun, and Earth’s radiation belts, they

Warner Bros. Discovery is a major American media and entertainment company that owns and operates streaming services, film and television studios, and cable networks. Headquartered in Los Angeles, it was formed in 2022 through the merger of WarnerMedia and Discovery Inc., following AT&T’s spin-off

time reversal, in physics, mathematical operation of replacing the expression for time with its negative in formulas or equations so that they describe an event in which time runs backward or all the motions are reversed. A resultant formula or equation that remains unchanged by this operation is

Ocean Vuong: Poetry collections: …published his second poetry collection, Time Is a Mother. In part a reflection on his mother’s death amid the fear and anguish of the COVID-19 pandemic, the book portrays grief and familial loss.

Have you ever shopped around for a mortgage or auto loan? Have you invested in a certificate of deposit or Treasury bond, or looked at a chart of stock market returns? Or are you an older investor who’s been pitched a guaranteed lifetime income through an annuity? If you answered “yes” to any of

Booker T. and the MG’s: …“Hip Hug-Her” (1967), and “Time Is Tight” (1969), Booker T. and the MG’s (for “Memphis Group”) brought the Memphis Sound to millions worldwide. When “Green Onions” became a million-selling hit in 1962, Jones was only 18. Already a veteran of the Memphis scene, he brought together Cropper (who practically…

chess: Origin of time controls: The rise of competitive chess with the Bourdonnais-McDonnell match of 1834 and the London tournament of 1851 posed a question of fairness: should a player be allowed to take enormous amounts of time? Previously, chess was governed by an unwritten amateur privilege that…

lock: Development of modern types.: …opened only at a preset time.

The Time Machine, American science-fiction film, released in 1960, that was based on H.G. Wells’s classic story that explores both the theoretical possibilities and the perils of time travel. A Victorian-era scientist (played by Rod Taylor) invents a machine that transports him through time. He

The Time Machine, first novel by H. G. Wells, published in book form in 1895. The novel is considered one of the earliest works of science fiction and the progenitor of the “time travel” subgenre. SUMMARY: Wells advanced his social and political ideas in this narrative of a nameless Time Traveller

time management, self-management with an explicit focus on time in deciding what to do; on how much time to allocate to activities; on how activities can be done more efficiently; and on when the time is right for particular activities. The term time management became familiar in the 1950s and

Mona Van Duyn: Her other works include A Time of Bees (1964), Merciful Disguises (1973), and Near Changes (1990), for which she was awarded the 1991 Pulitzer Prize for poetry. Firefall and If It Be Not I: Collected Poems 1959–1982 were published in 1993. From 1992 to 1993 Van Duyn served as…

Timothy Hutton: Hutton appeared in the melodrama A Time of Destiny (1988); the sports drama Everybody’s All-American (1988); Lumet’s police thriller Q & A (1990); George A. Romero’s The Dark Half (1993), based on a Stephen King novel; the TV movie Zelda (1993), in which he played F. Scott Fitzgerald;

Alberto Moravia: His first novel, Gli indifferenti (1929; Time of Indifference), is a scathingly realistic study of the moral corruption of a middle-class mother and two of her children. It became a sensation. Some of his more important novels are Agostino (1944; Two Adolescents); La Romana (1947; The Woman of…

Elizabeth Madox Roberts: Her first novel, The Time of Man (1926), concerns a poor white woman living in Kentucky. Its rich texture, contrasting inner growth with outward hardship, and its account of life in Kentucky won for her international acclaim. The Great Meadow (1930), her best known novel, describes a woman’s…

Tom Brokaw: …Voices of the Sixties (2007), The Time of Our Lives: A Conversation About America (2011), and The Fall of Richard Nixon: A Reporter Remembers Watergate (2019). A Long Way from Home: Growing Up in the American Heartland (2002) and A Lucky Life Interrupted: A Memoir of Hope (2015) documented, respectively,…

celestial mechanics: Perturbations of elliptical motion: A sixth constant T, the time of perihelion passage (i.e., any date at which the object in orbit was known to be at perihelion), may be used to replace f, u, or l, and the position of the planet in its fixed elliptic orbit can be determined uniquely at subsequent…

Luis Martín-Santos: …1962 he published his novel Tiempo de silencio (“Time of Silence”), the first of a projected trilogy. The novel is about a medical student, Pedro, thrust among inhabitants of the Madrid slums and confronted with their often violent adaptation to severe conditions. Events force him to confess to a crime…

Emir Kusturica: Films of the 1980s: …film Dom za vešanje (1989; Time of the Gypsies) marks a further plunge into the surreal with its portrayal of the almost grotesque atmosphere surrounding a group of Roma (Gypsies). Rich in vivid folk iconography, the movie was influenced by the Serbian film genre of crni talas (“black wave”) from…

The Time of the Hero, novel by Mario Vargas Llosa, published in 1963 as La ciudad y los perros (“The City and the Dogs”). The novel describes adolescents in a Peruvian military school striving to survive in a hostile and violent environment. The corruption of the military school suggests a larger

William Saroyan: …Pulitzer Prize for his play The Time of Your Life (performed 1939) on the grounds that it was “no more great or good” than anything else he had written.

cliometrics: In Time on the Cross (1974), Fogel used statistical analysis to examine the relationship between the politics of American slavery and its profitability. North studied the link between a market economy and legal and social institutions such as property rights in such works as Structure and…

Philip K. Dick: In such novels as Time out of Joint (1959), The Man in the High Castle (1962; Hugo Award winner; television series 2015–19), and The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch (1965), the protagonists must determine their own orientation in an “alternate world.” Beginning with The Simulacra (1964) and culminating in…

Bob Dylan: Elder statesman of folk and rock: …Awards—including album of the year—for Time Out of Mind (1997). In 2000 he was honored with a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for best original song for “Things Have Changed,” from the film Wonder Boys. Another Grammy (for best contemporary folk album) came Dylan’s way in 2002, for Love…

time perception, experience or awareness of the passage of time. The human experience of change is complex. One primary element clearly is that of a succession of events, but distinguishable events are separated by more or less lengthy intervals that are called durations. Thus, sequence and

Time: …annual issues, including the Time Person of the Year and the Time 100 issues, designating the most influential persons of the year. It also publishes Time for Kids, a weekly children’s magazine.

John Banville: Other works and honors: …wrote such nonfiction works as Time Pieces: A Dublin Memoir (2016). In an interview with The Guardian in 2022, he distinguished between writers of his generation and younger Irish novelists by noting that the newer crop of writers focus more on their own lives and the lives of their friends,…